GE Inspection Technologies

Ultrasonics

GE Inspection Technologies

Ultrasonics

Straight-beam probes with hard ceramic contact faces

3V / Div.

Ultrasonic probes
36 mm

K2G-F

0.5V/ Div.

G2N-F

Type 1
37 mm

pulse shape

with hard ceramic contact faces for the highest demands

30 mm

0.5s/Div. 2dB/Div. 2dB/ Div.

0.25s /Div.

40 mm

24 mm

spectrum

Type 2
31 mm

0 - 4 MHz

0 - 4 MHz

15 mm 26 mm

More than 110 dB gain

Type Order-no. D (mm) f (MHz) AB** (mm) N (mm) EB* (mm) Beamshape - no. Remark Sketch

Short echo pulses

Characteristic bandwidth: 75%

K1G K2G K4G K2N K4N K5N K6N 58506 58507 58508 58509 58510 58511 58512 24 24 24 10 10 10 10 1 2 4 2 4 5 6 15-2300 10-4000 7-8000 7-2500 5-5000 4-6300 3-7600 23 45 91 8 16 20 24 7 3.5 1.8 3.5 1.8 1.5 1.2 1 - 24 2 - 24 4 - 24 2 4 5 6 10 10 10 10 o o o o o o o Type 1

Type 2

Characteristic bandwidth: 100%

G1N G2N G4N G2KB G5KB 58500 58501 58502 58503 58504 24 24 24 10 10 1 2 4 2 5 12-2300 10-2500 7-5000 7-1300 3-3400 23 45 88 8 20 5 2.5 1.2 2.5 1.0 1 - 24 2 - 24 4 - 24 2 - 10 5 - 10 o o o o o Type 1

Type 2

* EB = Echo width ** AB = Operation range. The specied upper limit of the operation range applies to attenuation-free material. In practice, if the frequency increases, there will be a strong decrease in the upper limit Data concerning probes with other frequencies, element diameters or designs will be given on request.

Cable for all probes: MPKL2

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We reserve the right to technical modications without prior notice. 2004 General Electric Company. All rights reserved. GEIT-20108GB (10/04)

GE Inspection Technologies

Ultrasonics

Straight-beam probes with excellent performance ...

Resolution and gain are decisive probe features. That is why two different versions of probe exist: the G... shockwave probes of the F series, with the highest possible resolution (critical damping), and the K... probes of the F series with the highest gain. However, it is not only the basic features which establish these probes into the top position, but also: high penetration power at high attenuation excellent signal-to-noise ratio at strong scattering higher sensitivity for angled reectors outstanding wear resistance on rough surfaces rugged, lightweight metal case with plastic grip data consistency: probes of the same type produce identical test results Outstanding resolution
If resolution is required, the G... Shockwave probes are the right ones for the job! The probes have critical damping. The pulse length is short and only dependent on the shape of the initial pulse. The sound pulse is 3 half-waves long when excited by a needle pulse (fig.1). At a step-shaped initial pulse, the probe operates with 2 half-waves (fig.2). This is achieved when suitable electrical damping is selected on the ultrasonic instrument.

... and documented precision

Excellent signal-to-noise ratio
The G... probes, and also the K... probes, produce a better signal-to-noise ratio (fig. 5) than narrow band probes, e.g. B2S (fig. 6), when testing strongly scattering materials. As a result of the short pulses, echoes from adjacent reectors do not interfer with each other but are individually displayed.

Superior penetration power

The G... Shockwave probes have, due to their short sound pulse, very good near resolution and enable detection of reectors which are directly beneath the surface of the test object.

Rugged,lightweight metal case with plastic grip

The saying whoever knows plastic, chooses iron and steel certainly applies to the past. It is not possible to dispense with metal because ultrasonic probes must be well shielded against electrical noise. Metal casings are criticized by users as being too heavy or unpleasant in warm or cold ambient conditions. This is why we selected a stable metal case made of stainless steel, achieving good shielding, high wear resistance and having a plastic grip to enable fatiguefree operation, even in warm or cold ambient conditions.

Krautkramer probes are precise measurement tools! Remarkable wear resistance

Probes with protective membranes give rst-class service when used on rough surfaces because they have excellent coupling properties and only show slight deviations in gain when moved across the surface. Nevertheless, if the surface has protruding sharp akes or warped edges, the protective membranes will be quickly damaged and must be constantly replaced, because the couplant leaks out. Here, the rugged probes with a hard contact surface show their advantage. They are able to survive such a test much better than probes with soft protective membranes.

Very high sensitivity

If the test requires the highest sensitivity, e.g. when testing extremely large parts or at very high electrical noise levels, the K... probes are the best tools for the job. Their piezoelectrical elements are selected and damped so that an extremely high sensitivity is obtained with a good resolution. For example, a K2G can detect a 2 mm diameter at-bottom hole in ne-grained steel, with negligible sound attenuation, as deep as 4 m.
Fig. 3: Echo from a short distance

Data consistency
Each probe must meet the strict quality specications of its data sheet before it is released for delivery. Therefore, our probes correspond to all important ultrasonic data within very narrow tolerances, e.g. frequency, bandwidth, effective element diameter and impedance. In this way we ensure that each probe of the same type produces the same test results:

Fig. 5: Echo signals with a wide-band probe

Fig. 4: Echo from a greater depth

The large pulse bandwidth (high portion of low frequencies) has the additional effect that with higher sound attenuation, signals still return even from greater depths, although with a lower frequency (gs. 3 and 4). When applying narrow-band probes, the same test object must be tested with 2 probes each having different frequencies. One with high frequency in order to obtain the near resolution, and the other one with low frequency to test the depth range.

Fig. 6: Echo signals with a narrow-band probe

Higher gain for angled reectors

Due to the high proportion of low frequencies, angled aws or ssures reect broadband pulses at a greater amplitude than narrow band pulses do. Therefore, G... Shockwave probes and also K... probes have advantages compared with narrow-band probes having the same center frequency.

Fig. 1: Initial pulse

Echo pulse

Fig. 2: Initial pulse

Echo pulse