Industrially, buffer solutions are used in fermentation processes and in setting the correct conditions for dyes used

in colouring fabrics. They are also used in chemical analysis and calibration of pH meters. Majority of biological samples that are used in research are made in buffers specially PBS (phosphate buffer saline) at pH 7.4.

The pharmaceutical industry is highly controlled and carefully regulated to help prevent accidents in the taking of pills. Buffers can help to make drugs safer for consumption by lessening the harsh effects of the chemicals.

1. Binding
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Buffers can be used to bind different drugs into a cohesive medication to them easier to take orally. The addition of the buffer reduces the negative effects of drugs when combined by making them easier on your digestive system.

Reduction
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make The buffer combines with the other chemical elements of the drug to protect consumers against some of the harshness of the drug. When combined, the buffer compound can reduce the negative effects of the drug as well as control the time release of the active ingredients of the drug by providing a coating agent for the pill.

Strength
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Buffers can additionally be used to reduce the amount of active ingredients in a pill without reducing the size of the pill. In this instance, the buffer takes the place of the additional ingredients allowing the pill to maintain size and shape without increasing the amount of the drug, making it easier to produce different strengths of the same medication.

Buffer in human body

The primary buffer in the human body is bicarbonate (HCO3-), and it works so well to maintain our pH's at 7.4 because of its unique relationship to respiration. If there is too much acid in our bodies -- from dehydration or heavy exercise, perhaps -The bicarb absorbs the extra H+ ions and becomes carbonic acid (H2CO3), which breaks down to water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2), and the CO2 will be exhaled on its next trip to our lungs (and our respiration increases to get rid of the extra carbon dioxide).

H+ + HCO3- ---> H2CO3 ---> H2O + CO2

If there is too much base in our bodies (much more uncommon, and usually related to a poisonous ingestion, like an aspirin overdose), then the bicarb is ready to neutralize the base with its hydrogen proton and become a carbonate ion:

base- + HCO3- ---> base-H + CO3-2

Now, things go in reverse. By slowing our respiration, more CO2 will collect in our blood stream, and it will mix with water to become carbonic acid (H2CO3). When this carbonic acid with 2 H's meets a carbonate with none, they share so they have one each. Now we have 2 bicarbs!
H2CO3 + CO3-2 ----> 2 HCO