IF CLAUSES

Sunt propozitii subordonate introduse prin : if , unless (= if not ) , on condition (that) , in case (that) , provided (that) , providing (that) , supposing (that) , suppose (that) . [ unless este conjunctie negativa , deci verbul va fi la afirmativ ] . In astfel de propozitii nu putem folosi viitorul sau conditionalul .

I.

Daca in propozitia principala avem viitor , prezent sau imperativ , dupa IF vom avea prezent . Conditia exprimata este reala si posibila (90% sanse de realizare).

Se refera la VIITOR , la o actiune care are aproape toate sansele sa se realizeze . Exemple : The pain will go if you take some medicine . Where will you put your books if she takes your bookcase ? The sun shines if there are no clouds in the sky . People eat if they feel hungry . Dont touch the wire if you dont have rubber soles (talpi) . If you think the mushrooms are poisonous , dont eat them .

II.

Daca in propozitia principala avem conditional prezent ( would + Vb.I ) dupa IF vom avea past tense . ( Pentru verbul TO BE este forma WERE la toate persoanele ) .

Conditia exprimata este probabila si imaginara (~ 49% sanse) . Se refera la PREZENT , la o actiune care sar putea realiza dar este foarte putin probabil . Exemple : We wouldnt postpone the exam unless we could . Providing Jack were here he would know what to do . If I were you , I wouldnt turn him down ( a refuza) . Where would she go for help in case she really needed it ? OBS. Exista posibilitatea de a-l omite pe IF , in acest caz are loc inversiune dintre auxiliar si subiect . Pentru regula a II-a , auxiliarul este should pentru verbele obisnuite si were pentru verbul to be . Exemple : Should I find some money I would pay the rent . Were they eating , you would have to wait . Should it start raining , how would you go on playing ?

III.

Daca in propozitia principala avem conditional perfect ( would have + Vb. III ) dupa IF vom avea past perfect . Conditia exprimata este nereala si imposibila ( 0% sanse ) . Se refera la TRECUT , la o actiune care nu sa realizat conform asteptarilor dar nu se poate modifica .

Exemple : How would you have reacted if you had been invited to the principals office ? If they had lost the match they would have been punished . Suppose he had spoken in French , nobody would have undestood him . If she had been sleeping she couldnt have heard the phone .

Atentie ! : frazele conditionale de tipul III se pot traduce prin IMPERFECT. Exemple : Cum reactionai daca erai invitat . ? Daca pierdeau meciul . Daca vorbea .. nimeni nu-l intelegea . OBS . Il putem omite pe IF , facand in acest caz inversiunea dintre auxiliar (had) si subiect . Exemple : Had they been late , everybody would have had a shock . What would you have done , hadnt she told you the truth ?

EXCEPTII A. Dupa IF putem folosi viitor sau conditional , daca se face referire la sansa .

Traducere : daca cumva , daca se va intampla sa , daca s-ar intampla sa , daca s-ar fi intamplat sa , daca se intampla sa , daca din intamplare . Exemple : If she will come to the party Ill give her the message . If it will rain well have to cancel the picnic . If they will be thirsty they will drink no matter what . B. Pot exista fraze conditionale mixte , in care propozitia principala este la conditional prezent ( regula II , se refera la prezent ) iar subordonata este la past perfect ( regula III , se refera la trecut ) . Adica , o actiune se poate realiza su nu in prezent , pentru ca o alta actiune s-a realizat sau nu in trecut .

Exemple : You would have a better job if you had learned English . He wouldnt spend his young years in prison if he hadnt killed that little girl . She wouldnt pay so much now if she had driven more

carefully .