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  • The Newark Foot Patrol Experiment

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    PoliceFoundation
    4K просмотров152 страницы
    The results of this experiment suggest that while foot patrol may not reduce crime, it reduces citizen fear of crime. Residents see their communities as safer and better places to live, and are more satisfied with police services. In a country besieged by criminal activity related to the burgeoning illicit drug trade, police departments across the country are confronted by a difficult challenge–how to do more with less. While fiscal constraints force departments to cut back their service, crime rates and citizen demands for service continue to increase. Police departments must find more cost-efficient and productive ways to do their job. One service frequently demanded by citizens is foot patrol. They often associate foot patrol with the "good old days" when crime rates were low and they felt perfectly safe in their neighborhoods. Most citizens like frequent, close contact with the police; they may feel more secure when officers are visible and on the street. But for years, police departments rejected foot patrol as antiquated, expensive, and irrelevant to contemporary policing. In most cities, it was not an integral part of police patrol strategy. It carried low status among officers, was often regarded as a "public relations" activity, and was frequently used to punish poor performance. In 1973, the New Jersey state legislature passed the Safe and Clean Neighborhoods Act. Unique in the nation and aptly named, this legislation sought to create safe, clean neighborhoods. Foot patrol was specifically mandated as part of an effort to expand the presence and visibility of police protection. At the invitation of the Governor of New Jersey, the Police Foundation evaluated foot patrol in 28 New Jersey cities. Newark was selected as the primary evaluation site. The evaluation began in February 1978 and ended in January 1979.

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    The results of this experiment suggest that while foot patrol may not reduce crime, it reduces citizen fear of crime. Residents see their communities as safer and better places to live, and are more satisfied with police services. In a country besieged by criminal activity related to the burgeoning illicit drug trade, police departments across the country are confronted by a difficult challenge–how to do more with less. While fiscal constraints force departments to cut back their service, crime rates and citizen demands for service continue to increase. Police departments must find more cost-efficient and productive ways to do their job. One service frequently demanded by citizens is foot patrol. They often associate foot patrol with the "good old days" when crime rates were low and they felt perfectly safe in their neighborhoods. Most citizens like frequent, close contact with the police; they may feel more secure when officers are visible and on the street. But for years, police departments rejected foot patrol as antiquated, expensive, and irrelevant to contemporary policing. In most cities, it was not an integral part of police patrol strategy. It carried low status among officers, was often regarded as a "public relations" activity, and was frequently used to punish poor performance. In 1973, the New Jersey state legislature passed the Safe and Clean Neighborhoods Act. Unique in the nation and aptly named, this legislation sought to create safe, clean neighborhoods. Foot patrol was specifically mandated as part of an effort to expand the presence and visibility of police protection. At the invitation of the Governor of New Jersey, the Police Foundation evaluated foot patrol in 28 New Jersey cities. Newark was selected as the primary evaluation site. The evaluation began in February 1978 and ended in January 1979.

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    4K просмотров152 страницы

    The Newark Foot Patrol Experiment

    Загружено:

    PoliceFoundation
    The results of this experiment suggest that while foot patrol may not reduce crime, it reduces citizen fear of crime. Residents see their communities as safer and better places to live, and are more satisfied with police services. In a country besieged by criminal activity related to the burgeoning illicit drug trade, police departments across the country are confronted by a difficult challenge–how to do more with less. While fiscal constraints force departments to cut back their service, crime rates and citizen demands for service continue to increase. Police departments must find more cost-efficient and productive ways to do their job. One service frequently demanded by citizens is foot patrol. They often associate foot patrol with the "good old days" when crime rates were low and they felt perfectly safe in their neighborhoods. Most citizens like frequent, close contact with the police; they may feel more secure when officers are visible and on the street. But for years, police departments rejected foot patrol as antiquated, expensive, and irrelevant to contemporary policing. In most cities, it was not an integral part of police patrol strategy. It carried low status among officers, was often regarded as a "public relations" activity, and was frequently used to punish poor performance. In 1973, the New Jersey state legislature passed the Safe and Clean Neighborhoods Act. Unique in the nation and aptly named, this legislation sought to create safe, clean neighborhoods. Foot patrol was specifically mandated as part of an effort to expand the presence and visibility of police protection. At the invitation of the Governor of New Jersey, the Police Foundation evaluated foot patrol in 28 New Jersey cities. Newark was selected as the primary evaluation site. The evaluation began in February 1978 and ended in January 1979.

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    из 152
    THE NEWARK FOOT PATROL EXPERIMENT Policefaundation The interpretation of the data and the opinions expressed in this report are solely those of the authors and not those of the Police Foundation or of the State of New Jersey, its agencies or representatives. The report was not produced by officials of the State of New Jersey or its agencies, nor are the findings endorsed by them. ‘The Police Foundation is a privately funded, independent, nonprofit organiza. tion established by the Ford Foundation in 1970 and dedicated to supporting innova- tion and improvement in policing. The Foundation’s research findings are published as an information service. This is a narrative report of the Newark Foot Patrol Experiment. A second vol ume containing tables, questionnaires, and measurement instruments also is avail- able from the Foundation, For information on these reports, write the Communi- cations Department, Police Foundation, 1909 K Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008. Copyright © 1981, Police Foundation Library of Congress Catalog Card Number LC 80-85062 PREFACE One of the questions citizens most often ask of mayors, council members, and police chiefs is, “Why don't we have foot patrol, like in the good old days?” The good old days were a time of tightly knit urban neighborhoods, strong institutions such as the church, the school, and the family, and few patrol cars in which police officers could be encapsulated and made remote from the citizens they served. The good old days began to dissolve after World War II, with the flight to the suburbs, the weakening of traditional institutions which tended to direct personal conduct and foster civility, and, in policing, the widespread adoption of the patrol car and other appar- ent technological advances which, whatever their benefits, worked to isolate police from the community. Yet, though the American urban scene has changed immensely, citizen demand for foot patrol re- mains as a remedy to crime and a key to maintaining order. Citizens associate the officer on the foot beat with a time when crime rates were low and they felt secure in their neighborhoods. ‘This volume and the accompanying volume of tables, question naires, and measurement instruments represent the most intensive study yet of foot patrol. True, the study was set in New Jersey and the results apply specifically to Newark, where a very helpful police di- rector, Hubert Williams, generously opened up his department to Police Foundation researchers. But the results and other information developed in the study should be useful to all urban police depart- ments which, because of citizen pressure or for other reasons, are considering adopting foot patrol. As noted in other parts of this vol- ume, the study concludes that, although foot patrol (like routine motor patrol, as earlier research shows) does not appreciably reduce or prevent crime, it does measurably and significantly affect citizens’ feelings of safety and mobility in their neighborhoods. Although crime did not go down as a result of foot patrol in test areas of New- iii

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