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I S S U E S

M E S S I A N I C

Close Encounters of the Holy Kind

by Tom Brewer There is something within most of us that yearns for the supernatural. It is this desire that explains the popularity of movies such as The Sixth Sense and Signs, TV shows about aliens, and books like the J.R.R.Tolkien series. It explains why we can be drawn to New Age practices such as Tarot cards, ouija boards and spiritualists. Yet, if we are looking to quench our thirst for the magical, mystical or mysterious, we need look no further than the Jewish Bible, for it contains some of the most intriguing stories and characters ever recorded. One such character is a . . .
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mysterious gure who appears suddenly, dramatically, and frequently in the Hebrew Scriptures. His messages and actions arrest the full attention of all he engages. He makes promises, delivers commands, reveals the future, accepts worship and safeguards the people of God in a variety of situations. The more one looks at the person and work of this individual, the more mysterious he becomes. This unique character is identified as the angel of the Lord. The Hebrew word for angel is malakh, which is derived from a verb root meaning to send. As a noun, malakh means one who is sent or a messenger. In the Hebrew Scriptures, these messengers can be human figures (prophets or priests) or non-human, finite, created beings (angels) who bear messages for God. The meaning is usually determined by the context in which the word malakh is used. Of the 214 references to malakh in the Hebrew Scriptures, 33% are best translated as the angel of the Lord, rather than an angel. The Scriptures distinguish this particular angel from all other angels. In the Talmud he is given the name Metatron, which indicates a special relationship with God. One meaning of meta and thronos, two Greek words, gives the sense of one who serves behind the throne of God. So the angel of the Lord is the primary messenger of God, the one sent by God, the one who represents God. Yet the Scriptures seem to present this angel as even more than Gods representative. In fact, this messenger seems to have powers and abilities reserved only for God himself.

I will so increase your descendants that they will be too numerous to count. You are now with child and you will have a son. You shall name him Ishmael, for the LORD has heard of your misery. (Genesis 16:10) Right away, the angel of the Lord does something unusual, even impossible for any created being to do he makes both a promise and a prophecy in the rst person. Even the prophets of God always prefaced or ended their prophecies with phrases like, Thus saith the Lord. Yet here the angel of the Lord says I will so increase your descendants . . . Seventeen years later, while Hagar and Ishmael were in the desert on the brink of death, the angel of the Lord called to Hagar from heaven and said, . . . Do not be afraid; God has heard the boy crying as he lies there. Lift the boy up and take him by the hand, for I will make him into a great nation. (Genesis 21:17-18) If the responsibility of an angel is simply to act as Gods messenger, then what is this angel doing making such bold statements? Adding to the mystery is the fact that the angel does not speak in the first person for the entirety of the second passage. He switches from the third person, God has heard the boy crying . . . to the first person, I will . . .. This is not the only place where this occurs, and it is a way of speaking that sets this angel apart from any other messenger of God that we find in the Scriptures. For instance, we see it in the dramatic Akedah account, the binding of Isaac, when the angel of the Lord cries out: Abraham! Abraham! . . . Do not lay a hand on the boy . . . Do not do anything to him. Now I

He speaks as God
The rst time this mysterious messenger of God appears in the Bible, he speaks to Hagar, Sarais maidservant who was carrying Abrahams child:

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A MESSIANIC JEWISH PERSPECTIVE

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know that you fear God, because you have not withheld from me your son, your only son. (Genesis 22:11,12) Here again the angel of the Lord speaks with both third person and first person references to God: . . . you fear God, . . . you have not withheld from me . . .. The angel speaks with the authority of God, yet he distinguishes himself from God.1 A mysterious being indeed!

The presence of God is in him

This is illustrated further in the book of Exodus. Moses was in the desert, tending his father-in-laws ock, when a curious phenomenon captured his attentiona bush that was burning but not being consumed. The text says, There the angel of the LORD appeared to him in ames of re from within a bush. When Moses approached the bush to investigate he heard the voice of God: Moses! Moses! . . . Do not come any closer. . . . Take off your sandals, for the place where you are standing is holy ground. . . . I am the God of your father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob (Exodus 3:2,4-6). In this narrative Moses encounters the angel of the Lord and simultaneously hears the voice of God, who repeatedly afrms his identity for Moses and nally declares his name: I Am Who I Am. This is what you are to say to the Israelites: I AM has sent me to you (Exodus 3:14). The angel of the Lord does more than speak with the authority of Godhere he identies himself as God. The Bible indicates that the presence of God himself resides in this angel. This is seen when God speaks with Moses on Mt. Sinai; he refers to the angel of the Lord as his angel, and promises to send him to accompany Israel into the Promised Land.
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See, I am sending my angel ahead of you to guard you along the way and to bring you into the place I have prepared. . . . Do not rebel against him; he will not forgive your rebellion, since my Name is in him. If you listen carefully to what he says and do all that I say, I will be an enemy to your enemies and will oppose those who oppose you. (Exodus 23:20-22) God seems to view the angel of the Lord (his angel) as separate from himself, and yet his Name dwells in him. Later in the chapter, the Lord tells Moses that his (Gods) Presence will go with the Israelites. The terms my angel and my presence are used interchangeably. Centuries later, the prophet Isaiah, remembering Gods faithfulness to Israel, said, In all their distress he too was distressed, and the angel of his presence saved them. In his love and mercy he redeemed them; he lifted them up and carried them all the days of old (Isaiah 63:9). So it was understood that the very presence of God is somehow in this special angel that he calls his own.

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He appears as a man, yet accepts worship and sacrifice

Israel has crossed the Jordan and is camped at Gilgal anticipating the assault on Jericho, when the angel of the Lord appears to Joshua: . . . he looked up and saw a man standing in front of him with a drawn sword in his hand. Joshua went up to him and asked, Are you for us or for our enemies? Neither, he replied, but as commander of the army of the LORD I have now come. Then Joshua fell facedown to the ground in reverence, and asked him, What message does my LORD have for his servant? The commander of the LORDs army replied, Take off your sandals, for the place where you are standing is holy. And Joshua did so. (Joshua 5:13-15)

Though described as a man in this account, the swordsman is plainly extraordinary. Joshua falls face down before him in reverence.2 Then, in an action reminiscent of Moses encounter with the angel of the Lord at the burning bush, Joshua removes his sandals at the messengers command. Joshua would worship no ordinary angel or human messengerthis swordsman must be God in person. A similar instance occurs in the book of Judges when the angel of the Lord appears to Gideon at the oak in Ophrah and commands him to save Israel from the oppressing Midianites. He assures Gideon in words similar to those he had spoken to Moses from the burning bush, I will be with you, and you will strike down the Midianites as if they were but one man (Judges 6:16). Gradually, Gideon recognizes that he is in the company of an extraordinary being. In a gesture of hospitality, he brings out meat, bread and broth, proposing to feed his visitor, but: The angel of God said to him, Take the meat and the unleavened bread, place them on this rock, and pour out the broth. And Gideon did so. With the tip of the staff that was in his hand, the angel of the LORD touched the meat and the unleavened bread. Fire ared from the rock, consuming the meat and the bread. And the angel of the LORD disappeared. (Judges 6:20-21) What Gideon offered as a meal for a man became a burnt offering to the Lord. Gideons reaction leaves no doubt about his understanding of what had occurred. The text says: When Gideon realized that it was the angel of the LORD, he exclaimed, Ah, Sovereign LORd! I have seen the angel of the LORD face to face! But the LORD said to him, Peace! Do not be afraid. You are not going to die. (Judges 6:22-23) Notice that the text indicates that this angel of the Lord is God. Gideon was afraid because this was a face to face encounterafter all, it was believed that no man could see God and live. This episode is reminiscent of

another appearance of the angel of the Lord. When Jacob had his all-night struggle with a man in Genesis 32:24-30 and broke off the contest at dawns rst light, Jacob exclaimed, It is because I saw God face to face, and yet my life was spared (Genesis 32:30).

So what?

It seems reasonable to conclude, for the following reasons, that the angel of the Lord is himself deity: 1. He speaks both promises and prophecy and brings them to pass. 2. He is spoken of as being the Lord and speaks in the rst person as God. 3. He is offered and accepts both worship and sacrice. 4. Those to whom he appears recognize him as divine and call him God. If the angel of the Lord is actually God, this says something remarkable about Gods nature. Jewish tradition balks at the idea that we can perceive the Creator God in a physical form. This is why we are warned not to make any images of God, lest we commit idolatry. The concept of a God we can see is alien to our understanding. And yet, we know that even though God told Moses, No man can see me and live, people (including Moses) have seen God (Exodus 24:9-11). We remember that our eternal God chose to dwell with our people in the desert and in the Temple. How can the truly innite be made visible? How can one see God and live? The answer must be that God has to provide a way for this to happen. The existence of the angel of the Lord shows us that Gods nature is beyond simple categorization. Throughout the Scriptures, the angel of the Lord appears as God, yet he distinguishes himself from the Almighty. So we see that God can somehow be eternal and invisible, yet manifest himself temporarily. So we can now ask a very important question. If God can make himself visible in various forms, including that of a man, then why exclude the possibility that two thousand years ago, he could have done the same thing, and come to earth as the promised Messiah who lived and died in human-yet-God form, and rose again?
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Similarities between the angel of the Lord and Yshua

There are people who think that the angel of the Lord is Yshua (Jesus) before he became a man. While the Scriptures do not say this explicitly, there are some remarkable likenesses between the angel and Yshua. Attribute Is seen as God Angel of the Lord
Genesis 16:10,13 Moreover, the angel of the LORD said to her, I will greatly multiply your descendants so that they will be too many to count.. . . Then she called the name of the LORD who spoke to her, You are a God who sees; for she said, Have I even remained alive here after seeing Him? Judges 2:1-2 Now the angel of the LORD . . . said, I brought you up out of Egypt and led you into the land which I have sworn to your fathers; and I said, I will never break My covenant with you, and as for you, you shall make no covenant with the inhabitants of this land; you shall tear down their altars. But you have not obeyed Me; what is this you have done? 1 Chronicles 21:27 The LORD commanded the angel, and he put his sword back in its sheath.

YSHUA
John 20:28 Thomas answered and said to [Jesus], My Lord and my God! John 14:9 Jesus said to him, . . . He who has seen Me has seen the Father . . .

Speaks as if he is God

John 10:30 I and the Father are one.

Yet is separate from God and obedient to him

John 8:38 I am telling you what I have seen in the Fathers presence . . .
Note: Even though Jesus spoke with the authority of God, he was still obedient to God. This is seen in the prayer he utters in the garden of Gethsemane, and in his obedience as he died on a cross.

Is sent from the Father

Judges 13:9 God listened to the voice of Manoah; and the angel of God came again to the woman as she was sitting in the eld . . .

John 8:42 Jesus said to them, . . . for I came from God and now am here. I have not come on my own; but he sent me. John 6:38 For I have come down from heaven not to do My own will, but the will of Him who sent Me.

Speaks with all the authority of God, gives commands

Judges 13:12-14 Manoah said, Now when your words come to pass, what shall be the boys mode of life and his vocation? So the angel of the LORD said to Manoah, Let the woman pay attention to all that I said. She should not eat anything that comes from the vine nor drink wine or strong drink, nor eat any unclean thing; let her observe all that I commanded.

Matthew 7:28, 29 When Jesus had nished saying these things, the crowds were amazed at his teaching, because he taught as one who had authority, and not as their teachers of the law. Matthew 8:27 The men were amazed and asked, What kind of man is this? Even the winds and the waves obey him! Matthew 9:2 When Jesus saw their faith, he said, . . . son, your sins are forgiven.

Forgives sin

Zechariah 3:3,4 Now Joshua was clothed with lthy garments and standing before the angel. He spoke and said to those who were standing before him, saying, Remove the lthy garments from him. Again he said to him, See, I have taken your iniquity away from you and will clothe you with festal robes.

Attribute Acts as judge and avenger of Israel

Angel of the Lord

Joshua 5:13,14 Now it came about when Joshua was by Jericho, that he . . . looked, and behold, a man was standing opposite him with his sword drawn in his hand, and Joshua went to him and said to him, Are you for us or for our adversaries? He said, No; rather I indeed come now as captain of the host of the LORD. And Joshua fell on his face to the earth, and bowed down, and said to him, What has my lord to say to his servant? Note: Though the text does
not specically call this mysterious man the angel of the Lord, the passage closely parallels Exodus 3 and the following verse.

YSHUA
Revelation 19:11-16 And I saw heaven opened, and behold, a white horse, and He who sat on it is called Faithful and True, and in righteousness He judges and wages war . . . and His name is called The Word of God. And the armies which are in heaven, clothed in ne linen, white and clean, were following Him on white horses. From His mouth comes a sharp sword, so that with it He may strike down the nations, and He will rule them with a rod of iron; and He treads the wine press of the erce wrath of God, the Almighty. And on His robe and on His thigh He has a name written, KING OF KINGS, AND LORD OF LORDS. Matthew 28:5-95 The angel [not the angel of the Lord but a different angel] said to the women, Do not be afraid; for I know that you are looking for Jesus who has been crucied. He is not here, for He has risen, just as He said. Come, see the place where He was lying. Go quickly and tell His disciples that He has risen from the dead; and behold, He is going ahead of you into Galilee, there you will see Him; behold, I have told you. And they left the tomb quickly with fear and great joy and ran to report it to His disciples. And behold, Jesus met them and greeted them. And they came up and took hold of His feet and worshiped Him. Matthew 11:28-30 Come to Me, all who are weary and heavy-laden, and I will give you rest. Take My yoke upon you and learn from Me, for I am gentle and humble in heart, and you will nd rest for your souls. For My yoke is easy and My burden is light.

1 Chronicles 21:16 Then David lifted up his eyes and saw the angel of the LORD standing between earth and heaven, with his drawn sword in his hand stretched out over Jerusalem. Then David and the elders, covered with sackcloth, fell on their faces.

Accepts Worship

Judges 6:19-21 Then Gideon went in and prepared a young goat and unleavened bread from an ephah of our; he put the meat in a basket and the broth in a pot, and brought them out to him under the oak and presented them. The angel of God said to him, Take the meat and the unleavened bread and lay them on this rock, and pour out the broth. And he did so. Then the angel of the LORD put out the end of the staff that was in his hand and touched the meat and the unleavened bread; and re sprang up from the rock and consumed the meat and the unleavened bread. Then the angel of the LORD vanished from his sight.

Comforts

1 Kings 19:3-8 And he (Elijah) was afraid and arose and ran for his life . . . he himself went a days journey into the wilderness, and came and sat down under a juniper tree; and . . . said, It is enough; now, O LORD, take my life, for I am not better than my fathers. He lay down and slept under a juniper tree; and behold, there was an angel touching him, and he said to him, Arise, eat. Then he looked and behold, there was at his head a bread cake baked on hot stones, and a jar of water. So he ate and drank and lay down again. The angel of the LORD came again a second time and touched him and said, Arise, eat, because the journey is too great for you. So he arose and ate and drank, and went in the strength of that food forty days and forty nights to Horeb, the mountain of God. Exodus 3:14 God [called the angel of the Lord in this passage] said to Moses, I AM WHO I AM; and He said, Thus you shall say to the sons of Israel, I AM has sent me to you. Genesis 16:10 Moreover, the angel of the LORD said to her, I will greatly multiply your descendants so that they will be too many to count.

Uses I AM to refer to himself Makes special promises

John 8:58 Jesus said to them, Truly, truly, I say to you, before Abraham was born, I am. John 14:1-3 Do not let your heart be troubled; believe in God, believe also in Me. In My Fathers house are many dwelling places; if it were not so, I would have told you; for I go to prepare a place for you. If I go and prepare a place for you, I will come again and receive you to Myself, that where I am, there you may be also. 7

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Like the angel of the Lord, Yshua (Jesus) claimed the authority of God on many occasions. He was a man, yet clearly more than a man. Consider some of his words. He spoke as God, yet about God: I and the Father are one. He spoke with the authority of God: Take courage, son; your sins are forgiven. He said he could usher us into the presence of God: I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me. He made promises and prophesied: In the future you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of the Mighty One and coming on the clouds of heaven. Yet Yshua did more than just speak in mysterious terms. It was with this unique authority that he performed miracles, healed the sick and raised the dead. He spoke of God as his father, yet also claimed to be divinely eternal himself. He also accepted

worship from his followers, one of whom was John, an early Jewish believer in Jesus, who wrote about Jesus: He was in the beginning with God. . . . And . . . [he] became esh, and dwelt among us, and we saw His glory, glory as of the only begotten [Son] from the Father, full of grace and truth. (John 1:2,14) Just as their ancestors encountered God in the person of the angel of the Lord, clearly John and the many other Jewish followers of Jesus believed they had encountered the Almighty God face to face in the person of Yshua. Paul, a rst-century rabbi, recognized that God had made a way for us to see him, when he wrote that Jesus is the image of the invisible God. Why not examine the Hebrew Scriptures for yourself, and compare this extraordinary messenger of God to Jesus? Who knows what other mysteries you may encounter? s

1. After all, God has previously appeared to Abraham several times in person and in a vision (Gen.12:1; 15:1; 17:1; 18:1). 2. It should be remembered that Joshua is experienced in postures of worship, having often accompanied Moses to the Tent of Meeting.

Debbie! Debbie!

What is it, Shlomi?

Yeah, while you were on the phone, the doorbell rang, and I went to open it . . . And there was a man Id never seen before, standing there, smiling . . .

Debbie, I think I just saw an angel! Well, this is the most incredible part. We stood staring at each other for about a minute, then he handed me this bag and then he disappeared.

What?

Then what?

Wait a minute, Shlomi, let me see that bag. Shlomi, that wasnt an angel, that was the new Chinese food delivery man!

Oh, I wondered why he asked me if I wanted chopsticks.