TECHNIKER

StadthausA Nine Storey Timber Structure, Matthew Wells

Bessemer Grange Childrens Centre, London

Panel Constructions showing Cross Laminations

KLH Factory in Austria

Designstrength
t WALL / FLOOR / WALL construction ...the weak link t WALLS fc,0,k = 24,0 N/mm2

...parallel to grain t FLOORS fc,90,k = 2,70 N/mm2

...perpendicular to grain

Stadthaus, London

Designfire
t Fire resistance achieved by calculation of charring rates, generally (...for KLH): 0.64 mm/min for outer layers / 0.76 mm/min for other layers. t For tall timber buildings use min. five layer panels to ensure locally stability of panel and stability of building globally is maintained. t Example: KLH 128 mm five layer wall panel with 34 mm outer layer provides 54 mins with two vertical layers remaining.
Stadthaus, London

Designmovement
t Creep WALLS FLOORS negligible ~ 0,12 cm Max. (cross grain)

t Moisture

WALLS FLOORS

negligible ~ 0,21 cm Max. (cross grain)

t Thermal

negligible

Stadthaus, London

Designacoustics
t Overall build-up of a cross laminated structure cannot be considered lightweight, some extra separations are required to achieve an adequate performance. t Across party walls two layers of 9 mm thick plasterboard each side will achieve Building Regulations Part E requirements; externally a 1 cm air gap is needed. t Between floors an acoustic ceiling should be adequate. t Stairs and lift cores double wall construction is desirable with a 4 cm air gap.
Stadthaus, London

Designdetail
External and internal wall/floor/wall

External and internal wall/foundation

Stadthaus, London

Substitution of RC to timber offered sufficient savings for client to begin project

Focus House, London

Focus House, London

The Salvation Army, Chelmesford

Simple paring of panels support the roof with tie bars

The Salvation Army, Chelmesford

The Salvation Army, Chelmesford

Panel cutting process (CNC) allows complex geometries to be exploited

Birkbeck College, Film Studies Centre, London

Birkbeck College, Film Studies Centre, London

Rye Oak Childrens Centre, London

Sandal Magna School, Wakefield

Sandal Magna School, Wakefield

Sandal Magna School, Wakefield

Sandal Magna School, Wakefield

Downley House, Hampshire

Downley House, Hampshire

Downley House, Hampshire

Downley House, Hampshire

Sources - Destinations

Stadthaus, London

Stadthaus, London

Stadthaus, London

Outline
t Eight storeys of cross laminated timber onto RC podium slab at first floor. t Mixture of private and social housing with separate access. t Cellular construction. t A carbon positive footprint over a twenty year period.

Stadthaus, London

Construction facts
t 8 KLH storeys onto reinforced concrete podium slab ...including roof terraces (9th floor). t KLH lift and stair cores independent of KLH structure. t 950 m3 (7000 m2 ) KLH approx. 5 x lighter than< RC...! t WALL panels - 128 mm thick. t FLOOR panels - 146 mm thick. t Erection - 3 days/storey. t Erection team = 4 carpenters...! t 760 Tonnes embodied carbon.
Stadthaus, London

Design issues
t Fire. t Robustness. t Strength. t Movement.

Stadthaus, London

Fire resistance
t Fire resistance is achieved by calculation of charring rates of timber, generally 0.64 mm/min for outer layers and 0.76 mm/min other layers. t All structural elements are required to achieve a minimum fire resistance period.
30 minutes 60 minutes - internal corridors/living space - apartment/apartment - public corridors/apartment 120 minutes - apartment/lift and stair cores

Stadthaus, London

Weak point
t Local bearing stiffeners added.

Taller Timber Buildings

The weak link

t Local strengthening may achieve another two or three storeys?

Taller Timber Buildings

Ronan Point collapse

Ronan Point, 16th May 1968

Designrobustness
Disproportionate Collapse t UK guidance for timber frame construction up to 6 storeys. t No EU guidance. t TRADA/ TFA suggest 7.5 kN/m and notional removal of walls. Efficient redundancy t Floor panels designed to double span or cantilever under accidental loading. t Effective ties between floors and walls using simple off-the-shelf brackets and screws. t High in-plane stiffness and cross lamination process provides built-in redundancy.
Stadthaus, London

Floor panel layout

Stadthaus, London

Lift shaft
t Lift shaft constructed in CLT and separated from main structure to reduce noise transmission. t Free standing cantilevers at four and eight storeys. t Connections were designed to be simple and repetitive to minimise the amount of checking on site.

Stadthaus, London

Construction
t During the construction panels were not covered to protect them from the weather. t Only panel joints were sealed and end grains covered. t After any rain, standing water was cleared and the solid timber panels were able to air dry. t Covering panels would trap water leading to increase in moisture content of the timber.

Stadthaus, London

Stadthaus, London

Cost savings
t KLH cost is 30% greater than comparable RC frame Programme: t CLT KLH - 49 weeks t RC frame - 66 weeks 17 week reduction t Time savings primarily because KLH load bearing walls are also internal partition walls ie. no stud/block walls
Stadthaus, London

Ongoing and future work

t Develop higher strength (cheap) timber connections for use in tall timber buildings. t Investigate hybrid Timber/RC/Steel tall buildings. t Ultimately working with the industry to establish good quality and coherent design guidance for tall timber buildings.

Stadthaus, London

Limits of construction
t Elasticity of timber and its relative softness are critical for future tall timber buildings. t Economic viability hinges on quantity and simplicity of detailing. t Using simple wall/floor/wall construction 15 storeys possible.

Taller Timber Buildings

The weak link

Or - Jigsaw construction to bypass weak link t Castellated wall panels t Holes cut in floor panels... t Wall panels over bear onto wall panels below

Taller Timber Buildings

Construction options

Taller Timber Buildings

P/delta (push-over) effects

Taller Timber Buildings

Thirty storeys?

Taller Timber Buildings

TECHNIKER
Techniker designs structures and civil engineering works that are fully integrated with the intentions of client and architect. We always seek safe, economic and sustainable solutions in building. The practice has developed extensive experience in new build and refurbishment projects in all materials across a wide range of sectors: Arts and Heritage Bridges Community Education Early and Primary Education Secondary to Higher Exhibitions Hotels Housing Leisure Offices PrivateHouses PublicRealm Retail Visitor Centres