VIHS/ Department of Chemistry

Chemistry Revision Unit II (Edexcel)

(01) a) When lithium nitrate and sodium nitrate are heated separately, both
decompose giving oxygen gas as one of the products.
(i) Which of these two nitrates would decompose at the lower temperature?
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(ii) Give the name of any other product formed when sodium nitrate is heated.
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(iii) Write an equation for the thermal decomposition of lithium nitrate.
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b) Explain trend in thermally stability of the nitrates of group II metals
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(02) The manufacture of sulphuric acid is based on the equilibrium reaction
2SO2(g) + O2(g)

2SO3(g) H = - 197 kJ mol1

a) The equilibrium is a dynamic equilibrium; explain the nature of such an

equilibrium.
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b) State and explain the effects of the following on the equilibrium position:
(i) an increase in temperature;
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(ii) the presence of a catalyst.
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c) State and explain the effects of the following on the rate of attainment of
equilibrium:
(i) an increase in temperature;
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(ii) the presence of a catalyst.
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d) Although the reaction is exothermic in the forward direction there is no
appreciable reaction between sulphur dioxide and oxygen at room temperature. Use
this reaction to explain the ideas of thermodynamic and kinetic stability.
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e) Although the reaction is an equilibrium reaction, industrially this and other similar
reactions do not usually achieve equilibrium. Suggest why this is so.
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(03) Compound A is an alcohol, which has several structural isomers.

a) Analysis of A shows that it contains 68.2% carbon and 13.6% hydrogen and rest
of oxygen, by mass. Show that this information is consistent with an empirical
formula of C5H12O for A.

b) The empirical formula of A is also its molecular formula. Give the structural
formula of an isomer of C5H12O which is:
(i) a primary alcohol;

(ii) a secondary alcohol which has a branched carbon chain;

(iii) a tertiary alcohol.

c) Each of these alcohols reacts differently with a solution of potassium

dichromate(VI) which has been acidified with sulphuric acid. For each example in (b),
give the skeletal formula of the organic product from this treatment. If there is no
product, say so.
(i) from the primary alcohol

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(ii) from the secondary alcohol

(iii) from the tertiary alcohol

d) Reaction of the secondary alcohol in b(ii) with dehydrating agents can in principle
give two different hydrocarbons.
(i) Give the structures of the two hydrocarbons.

(ii) One of these compounds when analysed by mass spectrometry gave a major
peak at m/e = 43. State, with a reason, which hydrocarbon was being analysed.
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e) For the tertiary alcohol, suggest reagents and conditions which would enable its
preparation
(i) from a halogenoalkane;
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(ii) from an alkene;
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(04) One of the isomers of C4H10O is the alcohol 2-methylpropan-2-ol which has the
structural Formula

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a) There are three other structural isomers of C4H10O which are also alcohols.
(i) Draw their structural formulae.

(ii) Describe a test to show that each of the isomers in (i) contains an OH group.
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b) Draw the structural formula of the final organic product of the reaction when each
of the three alcohols in (a)(i) is heated under reflux with a solution of potassium
dichromate(VI) in dilute sulphuric acid.

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c) 2-methylpropan-2-ol can be prepared by the reaction of 2-bromo-2-methylpropane

with dilute aqueous potassium hydroxide.
(i) Give the mechanism for this reaction.

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(ii) If a concentrated solution of potassium hydroxide in ethanol is used instead of

dilute aqueous potassium hydroxide, a different organic product is obtained. Draw
the structural formula of this product.

(05) The boiling temperatures of hydrogen chloride and hydrogen iodide are:
Hydrogen chloride 85C
Hydrogen iodide 35C
a) Explain why hydrogen iodide has a higher boiling temperature than hydrogen
chloride.
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b) Draw and explain the shapes of:
(i) the PH3 molecule;

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(ii) the AlH4 ion.

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c) Calculate the number of molecules in 8.0 cm3 of gaseous phosphine, PH3, at room
temperature and pressure.
(The molar volume of a gas at room temperature and pressure should be taken as
2.4 104 cm3 mol1. The Avogadro constant is 6.0 1023 mol1.)

(06) a) Potassium manganate(VII), KMnO4, reacts with sulphite ions, SO32, in acidic
solution according to the equation
MnO4 + SO32 + H+

Mn2+ + SO42 + H2O

Sodium sulphite, Na2SO3, is slowly oxidised in air to sodium sulphate, Na2SO4, and
hence it is very difficult to keep it pure.
1.75 g of an impure sample of sodium sulphite was dissolved in water and made up
to 250 cm3 with distilled water. 25.0 cm3 of this solution required 22.8 cm3 of 0.0216
mol dm3 potassium manganate(VII) solution for complete oxidation.
(i) Write a balanced oxidation and reduction half equation and hence derive the
overall redox equation for this reaction.
Reduction half equation:................................................................................................
Oxidation half equation:.................................................................................................
Overall redox equation:..................................................................................................
(ii) Calculate the change in oxidation number of sulphur in the reaction of sulphite
ions with manganate(VII) ions.

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(iii) Calculate the amount (in moles) of manganate(VII) ions used in the titration.

(iv) Calculate the amount (in moles) of sodium sulphite present in 25.0 cm 3 of the
solution.

(v) Calculate the total mass of pure sodium sulphite in 250 cm3 of the solution.

(vi) Calculate the percentage purity of the sample of sodium sulphite.

b) Chlorine disproportionates to chlorate(I) ion, ClO and chloride ion, when added
to aqueous sodium hydroxide at room temperature.
(i) Write the ionic equation for the reaction.
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(ii) Explain, in terms of oxidation number, why this is a disproportionation reaction.

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c) A solution is thought to contain either Ba2+ or K+ as the cation which can be

distinguished by a flame test.
The anion is either Cl or Br.
(i) What colours would you see in a flame test for each of these cations?
Barium ..........................................................................................................................
Potassium .....................................................................................................................
(07) Methane, CH4, chloromethane, CH3Cl, and methanol, CH3OH, have molecules
with similar shapes but they have different boiling temperatures.

a) Draw a dot and cross diagram to show the bonding in chloromethane. You need
only draw the outer electrons of the atoms.

b) Draw a diagram to show the shape of the chloromethane molecule and explain
why it has this shape.

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c) Explain why the boiling temperature of chloromethane is higher than that of
methane.
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d) Explain why the boiling temperature of methanol is higher than that of

chloromethane.
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(08) The rate of any chemical reaction is increased if the temperature is increased .
a) Draw a diagram to represent the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of molecular
ener ie at a temperature T1 and at a higher temperature T2.

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b) Use your diagram and the idea of activation energy to explain why the rate of a
chemical reaction increases with increasing temperature.
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(09) Consider the following reaction scheme:

a) (i) Give the reagent and the conditions needed for step 1 .
Reagent: ......................................................................................................................
Conditions: ....................................................................................................................
ii) Give the structural formula of S.

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b) i) Give the displayed formula of P.

ii) State the type of reaction in:

step 1............................................................................................................................
the conversion of S to P................................................................................................

c) i) Give the reagent and the conditions needed for step 2.

Reagent:........................................................................................................................
Condition........................................................................................................................
ii) Give the reagent and the conditions needed for step 3.
Reagent:........................................................................................................................
Condition:.......................................................................................................................
d) Give the structural formula of compound Q

e) Give a suitable mechanism for the conversion of S to P .

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(10) a) (i) State the oxidation number of iodine in KIO3 and KIO4.
KIO3 ..........................
KIO4 .........................
(ii) In the reaction
IO3 (aq) + 5 I (aq) + 6 H+ (aq)

3 I2(s) + 3 H2O (l)

iodine is simultaneously oxidised and reduced. Explain why this is not a

disproportionation reaction.
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(iii) Describe a chemical test you could carry out to show that iodine was produced.
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(iv) Suggest, by reference to the ionic equation in part (ii), the ionic equation for the
reduction of KIO4 to iodine in the presence of excess acid and excess potassium
iodide.
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Compiled By Daniel Paul

Chemistry Teacher.
Villa International High School, Maldives.

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