July 1995 Ref : 23002Ren9531

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Measurement guide for voltage characteristics

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Electricity product characteristics and electromagnetic compatibility

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The Union of the Electricity Industry - EURELECTRIC, formed as a result of a merger in 1 December 1999 of the twin Electricity Industry Associations, UNIPEDE and EURELECTRIC2, is the sole sector association representing the common interests of the European Electricity Industry and its worldwide affiliates and associates. Its mission is to contribute to the development and competitiveness of the Electricity Industry and to promote the role of electricity in the advancement of society. As a centre of strategic expertise, the Union of the Electricity Industry - EURELECTRIC will identify and represent the common interests of its members and assist them in formulating common solutions to be implemented and in coordinating and carrying out the necessary actions. To that end it will also act in liaison with other international associations and organisations, respecting the specific missions and responsibilities of these organisations. The Union of the Electricity Industry - EURELECTRIC is also the association of the Electricity Industry within the European Union representing it in public affairs, in particular in relation to the institutions of the EU and other international organisations, in order to promote the interests of its members at a political level and to create awareness of its policies. The reports published by EURELECTRIC are the result of the work of its structure of expertise: they represent one of the most direct methods of circulating knowledge and information throughout the sector, on subjects of common interest. They are intended for wide circulation both within the electricity supply industry and outside it. Please do not hesitate to ask for the latest available printed EURELECTRIC publications catalogue (with summaries of EURELECTRIC reports) from:

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1 2

International Union of Producers and Distributors of Electrical Energy European Grouping of Electricity Undertakings
The Union of the Electricity Industry EURELECTRIC has been formed through a merger of the two associations

and

Measurement guide for voltage characteristics

............................................................................................ Electricity product characteristics and electromagnetic compatibility ............................................................................................

Paper prepared by:

Roger OTT (FR); Gerrit BLOM (NL); Michel DUSSART (BE); Pierre FERRAND (FR); Peter LODERER (AT) The work has been started by Andr MENDES (FR) and was carried out with the contribution of Jean-Louis JAVERZAC (FR), Richard NOTTELET (FR) and Pierre PICARD (FR)

Copyright Union of the Electricity Industry - EURELECTRIC, 2000 All rights reserved Printed at EURELECTRIC, Brussels (Belgium)

CONTENTS Part 1: General ................................................................................................................ 2 1.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Normative references........................................................................................ 3 1.3 General and environment .................................................................................. 4 1.4 Auxiliary supply voltage ................................................................................... 11 1.5 Measurement transformers ............................................................................... 12 Part 2: Specification of measurement methods .............................................................. 13 2.1 Power frequency .............................................................................................. 14 2.2 Magnitude of the supply voltage....................................................................... 15 2.3 Rapid voltage changes: flicker severity ............................................................. 16 2.4 Supply voltage dips .......................................................................................... 17 2.5 Short and long interruptions ............................................................................. 19 2.6 Temporary power frequency overvoltages between live conductors and earth................................................................................................................ 20 2.7 Transient overvoltages between live conductors and earth ................................ 22 2.8 Supply voltage unbalance ................................................................................. 22 2.9 Harmonic voltage ............................................................................................. 23 2.10 Interharmonic voltage..................................................................................... 25 2.11 Mains signalling voltage ................................................................................. 25 Part 3: Withstand and immunity characteristics........................................................... 26 3.1 Permanent monitoring ...................................................................................... 26 3.2 Temporary surveying or general purpose investigations: general mechanical requirements.................................................................................................... 28

SUMMARY The purpose of this report is to provide a practical approach for measuring and evaluating the characteristics of supply voltage as specified by the European standard EN 50160, issue of November 1994. The problem has been analysed with a view of the different situations which can occur in practice: - permanent verification of supply characteristics, depending on contractual obligations - temporary surveying motivated by distributor's requirements or by user's complaints - surveys to check the performance of a supply system for general purpose investigations. After having defined the reference environmental conditions and the required operating characteristics of the measuring instruments, the report describes the measurement methods and the information processing criteria for the evaluation of each of the voltage characteristics considered in the European standard. This document provides a suitable solution for the assessment of the voltage characteristics and represents an effective contribution of UNIPEDE to the definition of a complete frame of reference for the electricity supply service, according to the general policy being pursued by the European Union.

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PART 1: GENERAL 1.1 Introduction The CENELEC standard EN 50 160 defines the voltage characteristics of the electricity supplied by medium voltage and low voltage public distribution systems at the users supply terminals. To check the compliance of the actual voltage characteristics with the EN standard it is necessary to provide more detailed information on measuring and evaluation methods. Moreover the functional and constructive specifications for the measuring equipment should be established with reference to the application requirements and the relevant international standards. The aim of this report is to describe a possible approach to the measurement and compliance verification of the voltage characteristics for which the EN gives definite values, by giving the measurement techniques and the performance characteristics with which the instruments intended to be used should comply with. The document is subdivided into three parts: - Part 1 General, - Part 2 Specification of measurement methods, - Part 3 Withstand and immunity characteristics. Three categories of application have been considered: - 1st category: verifications), permanent monitoring (for example for contractual

- 2nd category temporary surveying (for example to check the performance of the supply system, or in case of user complaints), - 3rd category for general purpose investigations.

For each of these categories specific requirements exist, in particular those dealing with environmental conditions. As far as these requirements are concerned, the report deals only with the influencing factors which should be complied with for each category. When some parameters are not expressly given, it is understood that they are left to be declared by the manufacturer. The guidelines given in the report may also be used for verification of voltage characteristics with tolerances different from those stated in the EN 50160 Standard, by making the necessary modifications.
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1.2 Normative references IEC CENELEC TITLE Voltage characteristics of electricity supply by distribution systems EN 50160 IEC 60 IEC 68 IEC 85 High-voltage test techniques Environmental testing Thermal and evaluation and classification of electrical insulation Voltage transformers Electrical relays Degree of protection provided by enclosures (IP code) Fire hazard testing EN 60868 Flickermeter - Functional and design specifications Electrostatic discharge requirements Radiated electromagnetic field requirements Electrical fast transient/burst requirements Spring-operated impact-test apparatus and its calibration EN 61036 Alternating current static watt-hour meter for active energy (classes 1 & 2) Electromagnetic compatibility Surge immunity tests General guide line on harmonics and inter harmonics measurements and instrumentation, for power supply systems and equipment connected thereto General terms on measurements in electricity EN 55022 Limits and methods of measurement of radio interference characteristics of Information technology equipment
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IEC 186 & 186A IEC 255 IEC 529 IEC 695 IEC 868 IEC 801-2 IEC 801-3 IEC 801-4 IEC 817

IEC 1036

IEC 1000-2-2 IEC 1000-4-5

IEC 1000-4-7 IEV 50(301) CISPR 22

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1.3 General and environment 1.3.1 Organisation of the measurements The voltage to be measured is either directly accessible as it is generally the case in low-voltage supply systems, or accessible via measurement transformers. The instrumentation performs the measurement of certain voltage characteristics by means of an analog, digital or other data acquisition technique. As a last step, the measured parameters are subjected to a conditioning which is most often meant to eliminate the effect of spurious phenomena and processed for evaluation. This principle is illustrated by the following figure.

Measurement transformers

Measurement unit

Evaluation unit

Us : voltage supplied

Um : voltage to be measured

Gm : measurement result

Ge : measurement evaluation

Figure 1: Block diagram of a measurement chain The term measurement instrumentation theoretically covers the whole chain between the voltage supplied and the measurement evaluation. For the purpose of this guide the term "measurement instrumentation" will be restricted to the blocks "measurement unit and evaluation unit". In particular, the requirements dealing with accuracy will only apply to these units, the specifications for measurement transformers being defined separately.

1.3.2 Environment 1.3.2.1 General The voltage characteristics given in the standard EN 50 160 are related to normal operating conditions, so that when making evaluations it is to be intended that any time interval in wich the supply system is not in normal operating conditions (e.g. interruptions, faults, etc.) should be excluded from the evaluation. The measurement of a specific voltage characteristic can be affected by the variation of another characteristic of the voltage measured. As a consequence, influence quantities
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include the characteristics of the measured voltage given by CENELEC standard EN 50 160 in addition to "external" influence quantities. Moreover, the supply of the measurement system shall be designed in such a way that it has no significant effect on the measurement result when the auxiliary supply voltage is itself disturbed. Several variation fields for parameters are defined for each category. These are: - reference conditions, - specified operating range, - limit range of operation, - storage and transportation conditions. The influence quantities wich are not mentioned in the following tables shall be specified by the equipment manufacturer of the measurement. The connection devices of "voltage" circuits must comply with safety rules and with related regulations. 1.3.2.2 Reference conditions Definition of influence quantity Any quantity, generally external to the measurement equipment, which may affect its working performance ( IEV 301-08-09 modified).

Definition of reference conditions

Appropriate set of influence quantities and performance characteristics, with reference values, their tolerances and reference ranges, with respect to which the intrinsic error (r) is specified (IEV 301-08-10 modified).

The basic reference conditions (influence quantities with their reference values and tolerance) are reported in the following table:

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Influence quantity Frequency Voltage magnitude Flicker (Pst) Voltage dips Interruptions Transient overvoltages Unbalance Harmonics (THD) Interharmonics (at any frequency) Ripple control signals Ambient temperature Humidity Magnetic induction of external origin at the reference frequency (50 Hz)in any direction External electric field at reference frequency (50 Hz) in any direction Auxiliary supply voltage Air

Nominal 50 Hz nominal value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23C 50 % 0

Permissible tolerance

0.5 Hz

1% 0.1 0 0

IEC 1000-4-5, level 1 0.5 % 3% 1% 1%

2C 10%

0.05 mT(1)

0.1 kV/m

see sub-clause 1.4 absence of corrosive atmosphere

These reference conditions are valid for categories 1, 2 and 3 equipment.

(1) IEC 1036 table 19 page 67.

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1.3.2.3 Specified operating range Definition of specified operating range Range of values of a single influence quantity which forms a part of rated operating conditions (3.6.9 IEC 1036).

1.3.2.3.1 Operating range for category 1 Influence quantities Frequency Voltage magnitude Flicker (Pst) Voltage dips Interruptions Unbalance Harmonics (THD) Interharmonics (at any frequency) Ripple control signals Ambient temperature Humidity Magnetic induction of external origin at the reference frequency (50 Hz) in any direction External electric field at reference frequency (50 Hz) in any direction Transient overvoltages Electrostatic discharges Electromagnetic HF fields Fast transients Auxiliary supply voltage Air Range 42,5 Hz - 57,5 Hz nominal 15 % 0-4 up to 1,5 s ; 99% up to 4 hours(2) 0 - 5(3) % 0 - 15 % 3% 0-9% -10C - + 45C 20% - 95 % up to 0,5 mT(4) Accuracy

up to 1 kV/m 6 kV (IEC 1000-4-5) 15 kV (IEC 801-2) 10 V/m (IEC 801-3) 2 kV (IEC 801-4) see sub-clause 1.4 absence of corrosive atmosphere 2 r 2 r

(2) Only valid for time measurement accuracy. (3) Only valid for polyphases measurements - see part 2. (4) IEC1036 table 14 page 45.

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The accuracy r is specified for each measurement mode (refer to Part 2). In addition to this, for a permanent installation the measurement device shall have immunity to mechanical and external electromagnetic stresses. These are described in Part 3. 1.3.2.3.2 Operating range for category 2.

Influence quantities Frequency Voltage magnitude Flicker (Pst) Voltage dips Interruptions Unbalance Harmonics (THD) Interharmonics (any frequency) Ripple control signals Transient overvoltages Auxiliary supply voltage Air

Range 42,5 Hz - 57,5 Hz nominal 15 % 0-4 up to 1,5 s ; 99% up to 4 hours(5) 0-5% 0 - 15 % 3%

Accuracy

2 r

0-9% 2 kV (IEC 1000-4-5) see sub-clause 1.4 absence of corrosive atmosphere

(5) Only valid for time measurement accuracy.

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3.2.3.3 Operating range for category 3 Influence quantities Frequency Voltage magnitude flicker (Pst) Unbalance Harmonics (THD) Interharmonics (at every frequency) Ripple control signals Transient overvoltage Ambient temperature Auxiliary supply voltage Air Range 42,5 Hz - 57,5 Hz nominal 15% 0-4 0-5% 0 - 15 % 3% 4 r Accuracy 2 r 2 r

0-9% 0,5 kV (IEC 1000-4-5) +15C, + 30C see sub-clause 1.4 absence of corrosive atmosphere 2r

1.3.2.4 Limit range of operation Definition of limit range of operation Extreme conditions which an operating measurement equipment can withstand without damage and without degradation of its metrological characteristics when it is subsequently operated under its rated operating condition (3.6.10 IEC 1036).

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1.3.2.4.1 Limits for category 1 Influence quantities Voltage magnitude Ambient temperature Humidity Auxiliary supply voltage Transient overvoltages Air Range 0 to 1.25 U nominal -20C, + 55C 10% - 100 % see sub-clause 1.4 9 kV (IEC 1000-4-5) absence of corrosive atmosphere

Electromagnetic influence quantities are given in Part 3. 1.3.2.4.2 Limits for categories 2 Influence quantities Auxiliary supply voltage Transient overvoltages Range see sub-clause 1.4 2 kV (IEC 1000-4-5)

1.3.2.4.3 limits for categories 3 Influence quantities Auxiliary supply voltage Transient overvoltages Range see sub-clause 1.4 0.5 kV (IEC 1000-4-5)

1.3.2.5 Storage and transportation conditions Definition of storage and transportation conditions Extreme conditions which a non-operating measurement equipment can withstand without damage and without degradation of its metrological characteristics when it is subsequently operated under its rated operating condition (3.6.11 IEC 1036).

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1.3.2.5.1 Conditions for category 1 Influence quantities Ambient temperature Humidity Air Range -25C, + 70C 10% - 100 % absence of corrosive atmosphere

1.3.2.5.2 Conditions for categories 2 and 3 No mandatory additional requirement. 1.4 Auxiliary supply voltage The table below gives the requirements of auxiliary supply voltage for auxiliary supply interruptions. The magnitude and two different durations of the interruption of the auxiliary supply voltage interruption are considered: - t1: duration during which the measurement equipment continues its normal operating mode. - t2: duration during which the measurement equipment keeps the time. Categories Permanent operation Back-up operation From 0 to 75% Un 1 Un 25% t1= 4 minutes t2= 4 hours From 0 to 85% Un 2 Un 15% t1: not specified t2= 4 hours From 0 to 85% Un 3 Un 15% t1: not specified t2: not specified

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1.5 Measurement transformers 1.5.1 Connection arrangement The instrumentation is connected between phases or between phase and neutral depending on the measurement requirements. If the instrumentation is installed behind measurement transformers, the connection of voltages directly applied to the instrumentation shall be the image of the voltages delivered by the distributor (phase-phase or phase-neutral voltages). If, for cost reasons for instance, the measurement is made at the supply transformer secondary terminal, the voltage characteristics are not exactly the same as at the transformer primary. The interpretation of the measurement results is delicate and is not dealt with in the present guide. It may nevertheless be agreed upon between distributor and customer. 1.5.2 Main characteristics of measurement transformers The single-phase voltage transformers required for the measurement of the characteristics of the "Medium Voltage" comply with IEC recommendations 186 and 186 A. These transformers are wound-type transformers with a magnetic core. The voltage at the secondary terminal of a measurement transformer is standardised and is either equal to 100 V/3 , 110 V/3, 100 or 110 V (at present 200 V). The rated burden of measurement transformers is limited. It shall not exceed 25 VA in all cases. The accuracy class is 0.5. The accuracy of voltage transformers, in frequency range from 45 Hz to 2000 Hz is better than 5 %. 1.5.3 Influence of existing voltage transformers As far as these devices are concerned, before any measurement, it will be necessary to check the compliance of their characteristics with the recommendations of IEC 186 and 186 A and sub-clause 1.5.2. Single-phase capacitor (VCT) transformers complying with IEC recommendations may be used for the measurement of the voltage characteristics, except for the measurement of harmonic and interharmonic voltage.

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PART 2: SPECIFICATION OF MEASUREMENT METHODS Each measurement mode for instrumentation is specified as follows: - requirements on measurement accuracy - requirements for influence quantities on the disturbances of the voltage to be measured. For each measurement mode the accuracy is specified, unless otherwise indicated, assuming that the other influencing magnitudes on the voltage to be measured are under their reference conditions as defined in Part 1, sub clause 1.3.2.2. Notes 1) - Except for frequency measurements, the instrumentation concerns either single phase or phase to phase connections 2) - Unbalance measurement is specific to polyphase systems. In the following, for each measurement mode, the measurement evaluation is carried out on the basis of the the valid samples. A sample is considered valid if the mean value of the voltage over the applicable specified basic fixed time interval, measured as stated at sub-clause 2.2.1, remains within the range 15 % of the supply nominal (or declared) voltage. The basic fixed time intervals used in the different measurement modes are the following: - for power frequency: 10 seconds - for magnitude of the supply voltage, flicker severity, and supply voltage unbalance: 10 minutes - for harmonic/interharmonic voltages: 3 seconds and/or 10 minutes - for mains signalling voltages: 3 seconds. As an example, for the measurement of the supply voltage magnitude, the following approach is applied: - Number of 10-minute intervals in the observation period of one week: 1008 - Number of non valid 10-minute intervals (intervals with mean voltage outside the 15 % tolerance): Nnonvalid - Number of valid 10-minute intervals (intervals with mean voltage within the 15 % tolerance): 1008-Nnonvalid = N

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- Number of valid 10-minute intervals with voltage not complying with EN 50160 (intervals with voltage outside the tolerance of 10 % and within the tolerance 15 %): N1, Compliance with EN 50160 is given by: 2.1 Power frequency 2.1.1 Measurement Frequency measurement is a mean value over 10 seconds fixid time intervals. 2.1.2 Specification of the instrumentation When an a.c. voltage that fulfills requirements of reference conditions is applied at the instrumentation input, the instrumentation presents an intrinsic error r:
N1 N = 1 5% 1008 N nonvalid N

r 50 mHz
for categories 1,2 and 3. 2.1.3 Influence quantities at the specified operating range For this measurement mode, the range of one of the influence quantities given in subclause 1.3.2.3 Part 1 is extended. The following table gives the variation range of the concerned quantity: Nature Harmonics (THD) Note: Accuracy is given in Part 1: table of sub-clause 1.3.2.3.1 for category 1 equipments, table of sub-clause 1.3.2.3.2 for category 2 and table of sub-clause 1.3.2.3.3 for category 3 Variation range 0-20 %

2.1.4 Measurement evaluation - Observation period of one week in fixed steps of 10 seconds - Determination of the number of 10 s intervals during which: - the supply voltage is within 15 % of its nominal value(6) : N - the frequency differs by more than 0.5 Hz from the nominal value and the supply voltage is within 15 % of its nominal value: N1
(6) Mean arithmetic value over a then minutes time period.

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- the frequency differs by more than - 3 Hz, + 2 Hz from the nominal value and the supply voltage is within 15 % of its nominal value: N2 2.1.5 Nominal value and limits for compliance Nominal value:
fn = 50 Hz

The requirements of the standard are fulfilled if: N1/N 5% and N2=0 2.2 Magnitude of the supply voltage 2.2.1 Measurement The instrumentation shall measure the r.m.s. voltage(7) . Each basic measurement value is the mean value over a fixed 10 minutes time period. Every measurement updates previous one at the end of the 10 minutes period. 2.2.2 Specification of the instrumentation When an a.c. voltage that fulfills requirements of reference conditions is applied at the instrumentation input, the instrumentation presents with respect to the nominal value an intrinsic error r less than: - for category 1 equipment: 0.5 %, - for category 2 equipment: 0.5 %, - for category 3 equipment: 1 %.

(7) The r.m.s. value U of a signal u(t) is defined by the relation

U=

1 T 2 u (t )d (t ) . T is equal to a 0 T
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2.2.3 Influence quantities at the specified operating range For this measurement mode, the range of one of the influence quantities given in subclause 1.3.2.3 Part 1 is extended. The following table gives the variation range of the concerned quantity: Nature Harmonics (THD) Variation range 0-20 %

Note: Accuracy is given in Part 1: table of sub-clause 1.3.2.3.1 for category 1 equipments, table of sub-clause 1.3.2.3.2 for category 2 and table of sub-clause 1.3.2.3.3 for category 3 2.2.4 Measurement evaluation - Observation period of one week in fixed steps of 10 minutes. - Determination of the number of 10 minutes intervals during which: - the supply voltage is within 15 % of its nominal voltage: N - the supply voltage differs by more than 10% from the nominal value and it is within 15 % its nominal value: N1 2.2.5 Nominal value and limits for compliance Nominal value: - In LV: nominal = 230 V between phase and neutral, - In MV: declared voltage is defined by agreement. The requirement of the standard is fulfilled if: N1/N 5% 2.3 Rapid voltage changes: flicker severity 2.3.1 Specification of the instrumentation The instrumentation shall measure the Plt value and shall comply with IEC Publication 868 - EN 60868. 2.3.2 Influence quantities at the specified operating range For this measurement mode, the range of one of the influence quantities given in subclause 1.3.2.3 Part 1 is extended. The following table gives the variation range of the concerned quantity: Nature Variation range

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Harmonics (THD) 2.3.3 Measurement evaluation

0 - 20 %

- Observation periods of one week in fixed steps of 10 minutes - Acquisition of all Pst values (short term flicker severity measured in each 10 minutes interval) - Determination of valid Pst values by elimination of Pst values related to 10 minutes intervals during which the voltage is outside the range 15% of its nominal value and/or a voltage dip with depth 15% of the nominal voltage has occurred - Evaluation of the Plt values (long term flicker severity) on the basis of 12 valid consecutive values of Pst - Determination of: - number of the evaluated Plt values: N - number of Plt exceeding 1: N1 2.3.4 Limits for compliance The requirement of the standard is fulfilled if: N1/N 5%. 2.4 Supply voltage dips 2.4.1 Measurement The instrumentation shall measure the r.m.s. voltage every half-cycle. 2.4.2 Specification of the instrumentation An a.c. voltage that fulfills the requirements of reference conditions is applied at the instrumentation input; at zero crossing, the voltage shifts to a fixed value comprised between 1 and 90 % of the nominal voltage in less than one half cycle. The measurement equipment has to measure the new voltage value at the end of the first half cycle following the modification of the voltage magnitude (excluding the half cycle during which the voltage modification takes place). Any other functional arrangement giving equivalent or improved performance is acceptable.

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The instrumentation presents with respect to the nominal value an intrinsic error r on the depth of the voltage dip less than: - for category 1 equipment: 0,5 %, - for category 2 equipment: 2 %, - for category 3 equipment: given by the manufacturer. The same process applies when returning to reference voltage. The voltage dip is defined by a pair of data: - duration - depth. The duration corresponds to the period during which the r.m.s. values measured remain less than 90 % of the declared value. The depth of a voltage dip is defined as the difference, expressed in % of the declared voltage, between the minimum r.m.s. value during the voltage dip and the declared voltage. As a consequence of the absence of measurement during a half cycle (i.e. during the voltage changes) at the beginning and at the end of a voltage dip, voltage dips with a duration shorter than 20 ms are not measured with the required accuracy. For the same reasons, the accuracy of the duration of a voltage dip is equal to: 20 ms for categories 1, 2, and 3 equipment. 2.4.3 Measurement evaluation Indicatives values are given in EN 50160. - Observation periods of one year for category 1 and case by case for the other categories. - Determination of numbers Nij (source UNIPEDE-DISDIP): Depth (d % ) 10 mst<100 / Duration (t) ms 10 < d < 15 15 d < 30 30 d < 60 60 d < 99 N11 N12 N13 N14 100 mst<500 ms N21 N22 N23 N24 500 ms t<1s N31 N32 N33 N34 1s t<3s N41 N42 N43 N44 3s t<20s N51 N52 N53 N54 20s t<1min N61 N62 N63 N64

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2.5 Short and long interruptions 2.5.1 General Only categories 1 and 2 instrumentation are concerned by interruption measurements. 2.5.2 Measurement The instrumentation shall measure the r.m.s. voltage every half-cycle. 2.5.3 Specification of the instrumentation An a.c. voltage that fulfills requirements of reference conditions is applied at the instrumentation input ; at zero crossing, the voltage shifts to a fixed value comprised between 0 and 1 % of the nominal voltage in less than one half cycle. The measurement equipment has to detect the "zero" voltage at the end of the first half cycle following the modification of the voltage magnitude (excluding the half cycle during which the voltage modification takes place). Any other functional arrangement giving equivalent or improved performance is acceptable. The same process applies when returning to reference voltage. The evaluation of an interruption is defined by the duration of the interruption. The duration corresponds to the period during which the r.m.s. values measured remain less than 1 % of the declared value. As a consequence of no measurement during a half cycle at the beginning and at the end of an interruption, interruptions with a duration shorter than 20 ms are not measured with the required accuracy. For the same reasons, the accuracy of the duration of an interruption is equal to: 20 ms for categories 1 and 2 equipment

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2.5.4 Measurement evaluation Indicatives values are given in EN 50 160. - Observation periods of one year for category 1 and case by case for the other categories. - Determination of numbers Ni: Duration of interruptions Number of interruptions Duration < 1 s 3 min > Duration 1 Duration 3 min s N2 N3

N1

The evaluation of N1, N2 and N3 could be made not only in terms of the individual events but also by determining "equivalent interruption" as a combination of a sequence of individual events or by neglecting interruptions shorter than a threshold value. 2.6 Temporary power frequency overvoltages between live conductors and earth 2.6.1 General Only categories 1 and 2 instrumentation are concerned by overvoltage measurements. 2.6.2 Measurement The instrumentation shall measure the r.m.s. voltage every half-cycle. 2.6.3 Specification of the instrumentation An a.c. voltage that fulfills requirements of reference conditions is applied at the instrumentation input ; at zero crossing, the voltage shifts to a fixed value equal to3 times the nominal voltage in less than one half cycle. The measurement equipment has to measure the new voltage value at the end of the first half cycle following the modification of the voltage magnitude (excluding the half cycle during which the voltage modification takes place). Any other functional arrangement giving equivalent or improved performance is acceptable. The instrumentation presents with respect to the nominal value an intrinsic error r on the overvoltage less than: - for category 1 equipment: 0,5 %, - for category 2 equipment: 2 %. The same process applies when returning to reference voltage. The evaluation of an overvoltage is defined by a pair of data:
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- duration, - magnitude. The duration of an overvoltage corresponds to the period during which the r.m.s. values measured remain more than 110 % of the declared value. The magnitude of an overvoltage is defined as the ratio expressed in % between the maximum value during the overvoltage and the declared value. As a consequence of not measuring during a half cycle (i.e. during the voltage change) at the beginning and at the end of an overvoltage, overvoltage with a duration shorter than 20 ms are not measured with the required accuracy. For the same reasons, the accuracy of the duration of an overvoltage is equal to: 20 ms for categories 1 and 2 equipment. 2.6.4 Influence quantities at the specified operating range For this measurement mode, the range and the accuracy of some influence quantities given in sub-clause 1.3.2.3 Part 1 are extended. The following table gives the variation range and the accuracy of the concerned quantities: Accuracy Nature Voltage magnitude Frequency Harmonics(THD) Variation range greater than 200% up to 200% from 42.5 to 57.5 Hz 0-20 % category 1 category 2

given by manufacturer 2% 2% 2% 5% given by manufacturer

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2.6.5 Measurement evaluation Indicatives values are given in EN 50160. - Observation periods of one year for category 1 and case by case for other categories. - Determination of numbers of overvoltages Nij : Overvoltages / Duration "t" 110 < magnitude 120 % 120 < magnitude 140 % 140 <magnitude 160 % 160 <magnitude 200 % magnitude >200 % N11 N12 N13 N14 N15 N21 N22 N23 N24 N25 N31 N32 N33 N34 N35 t<1s 1st<1 min t 1 min

2.7 Transient overvoltages between live conductors and earth The measurement of transient overvoltages is well established on the basis of the gained experience. Specific measurement instrumentation is needed in relation to the nature of the phenomenon. 2.8 Supply voltage unbalance 2.8.1 Measurement The instrumentation shall measure the r.m.s. unbalance voltage(8) . Each basic measurement value is the true r.m.s. value over a fixed 10 minutes period(9) . Every measurement updates the previous one at the end of the 10 minutes period. 2.8.2 Specification of the instrumentation
(8) The unbalance voltage is given by the ratio below, expressed as a percentage:

negative sequence voltage positve sequence voltage Vd (9) 10 minutes true r.m.s. value as stated at following footnote 10, thus giving priority to the aspect of additional losses. Uu = =

Vi

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When a 3 phase a.c. voltage fulfilling the requirements of reference conditions and presenting an unbalance ratio between 0 % and 5 % is applied at the input, the instrumentation presents an intrinsic error r less than: - for category 1 equipment: 0,2 %, - for category 2 equipment: 1 %. Category 3 equipment are not concerned with unbalance measurements. 2.8.3 Influence quantities at the specified operating range For this measurement mode, the range and the accuracy of one of the influence quantities given in sub-clause 1.3.2.3 Part 1 are extended. The following table gives the variation range and the accuracy of the concerned quantity: Nature Phase to ground voltage Harmonics (THD) 2.8.4 Measurement evaluation - Observation period of one week in fixed steps of 10 minutes. - Determination of the number of 10 minutes intervals during which: - the line to line supply voltage is within 15 % of its nominal voltage: N - the unbalance 10 minutes measurement exceeds 2 % (3% in some area) and the line to line supply voltage is within 15 % of its nominal value: N1 2.8.5 Limits for compliance The requirement of the standard is fulfilled if: N1/N 5% 2.9 Harmonic voltage 2.9.1 Measurement Measurements give true r.m.s. values relative to the nominal voltage over either 3 seconds or 10 minutes intervals(10) .
(10) In the case of an effective measuring time equal to 10 minutes (no gaps between measuring windows), the

Variation range 0 - 200 % 0-20 %

Accuracy

r
2r

10 minute r.m.s. value is the true r.m.s. value evaluated with an integrating time of 10 minutes. When the effective measuring time is less than 10 minutes (with gaps between windows), the integration time for the evaluation of the r.m.s. value is obviously equal to the effective measuring time. The 10 minute r.m.s. value UhSh for a voltage Individual Harmonic Distortion of order h , is then given by: 23002Ren9531 23 July 1995

2.9.2 Specification of the instrumentation The instrumentation shall comply with the IEC Publication 1000-4-7. When an a.c. voltage that fulfills requirements of reference conditions combined with permanent individual harmonic voltage is applied at the instrumentation input, the instrumentation presents an error given in IEC 1000-4-7: - for category 1 equipment: class A, - for category 2 equipment: class B. Category 3 equipment are not concerned with harmonic measurements. 2.9.3 Influence quantities at the specified operating range For this measurement mode, the ranges and the accuracy of some influence quantities given in sub-clause 1.3.2.3 Part 1 are extended according to the indications given by IEC 1000-4-7. 2.9.4 Measurement evaluation - Observation period of one week in fixed steps of 10 minutes. - Determination of the number of 10 minutes intervals during which: - the supply voltage is within 15 % of its nominal value: N - the individual harmonic 10 minutes measurements exceed the values defined in EN 50 160 and the supply voltage is within 15 % of its nominal value: N1 - the T.H.D. 10 minutes measurement is greater than 8% and the supply voltage is within 15 % of its nominal value: N2 2.9.5 Nominal value and limits for compliance

N 2 /N U U hSh = hVs, i i = 1

where:

N = number of 3 seconds r.m.s. values evaluated during any interval of 10 minutes UhVs,i = i th 3 seconds r.m.s. value of the harmonic voltage of order h, given by:

M U h, k 2 / M = U hVs k = 1

= number of samples in the effective measuring time of about 3 seconds = individual harmonic voltage of order h of the kth sample (each sample is relevant to a single calculated Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) value Ch corresponding to the chosen sampling window Tw). The THD is then evaluated from the measured IHD values, with a similar approach. 23002Ren9531 24 July 1995

where: M Uhk

The requirement of the standard is fulfilled if: N1/N 5% and N2/N 5% 2.10 Interharmonic voltage If the measurement concerns an interhamonic with a specific frequency, the specification of the measurement instrumentation is equal to that for harmonic components. If the frequency range of the signal is unknown and wide, the frequency bandwidth has to be split into several bands. The results of the measurement is in relation with the bandwidth of each band. This phenomenon is still under consideration. 2.11 Mains signalling voltage 2.11.1 Measurement The measurements give the mean value, not true r.m.s. value, over a fixed interval of 3 seconds. 2.11.2 Measurement evaluation - Observation period of one day - Determination of 3 seconds interval during which the supply voltage magnitude is within 15 % of its nominal value: N - Determination of 3 seconds interval during which the average value of the signalling voltage exceeds the curve define in EN 50 160 and the supply voltage magnitude is within 15 % of its nominal value: N1 2.11.3 Limits for compliance The requirement of the standard is fulfilled if: N1/ N 1 %.

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PART 3: WITHSTAND AND IMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS 3.1 Permanent monitoring For permanent monitoring it is important that the measurement instrumentation for the voltage characteristics is able to withstand and be immune to external electrical and mechanical stresses identical to those specified for electric energy metering. The following specifications are accordingly taken from standards already in use in the energy metering equipment (EN 61036), when it applies. 3.1.1 Requirements 3.1.1.1 Mechanical requirements See sub-clause 4.2 of EN 60136 3.1.1.2 Electrical requirements See sub-clause 4.4.1 and 4.4.5 of EN 60 136 3.1.1.3 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) See sub-clause 4.5 of EN 60 136 3.1.2 Tests and test conditions See sub-clause 5 of EN 60 136 3.1.2.1 General testing procedures See sub-clause 5.1 of EN 60 136 3.1.2.2 Tests of mechanical requirements See sub-clause 5.2 of EN 60 136 3.1.2.3 Tests of climatic influences See sub-clause 5.3 of EN 60 136 3.1.2.4 Test of electrical requirements See sub-clause 5.4 of EN 60 136 3.1.2.5 Tests for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) See sub-clause 5.5 of EN 60 136

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3.1.3 Recommended test sequences test sequence n 1 1.1 1.2 2 3 3.1 3.2 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 Subclause of Part 3 3.1.2.4

Test description

Insulation test Impulse voltage test AC voltage test Accuracy tests Electrical requirement tests Circuits load Influence of temperature rise Electromagnetic compatibility tests (EMC) Radio interference measurement Fast transient burst test Withstand to HF electromagnetic field Withstand to electrostatic discharges Climatic tests Dry heat test Cold test Damp heat cyclic test Mechanical tests Withstand to vibration Shock test Spring hammer test Tests of protection against penetration of dust and water Test of resistance to heat and fire

Part 2 3.1.2.4

3.1.2.5

3.1.2.3

3.1.2.2

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3.2 Temporary surveying or general purpose investigations: general mechanical requirements For these two categories of instrumentation only mechanical requirements are recommended. Reference is made to sub-clause 4.2.1 of EN 60136

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Publications Order Form Name: ............................................................................................................................................... Position:............................................................................................................................................ Undertaking: ..................................................................................................................................... Address:............................................................................................................................................ Town: .......................................................Country:.......................................................................... (with postal code) Telephone: .......................................................Fax:.......................................................................... (with regional code) E-mail: EURELECTRIC member: Title1 p Yes p No (Tick the appropriate box)

Reference No.

Quantity

To be returned to: Concetta PALERMO Union of the Electricity Industry - EURELECTRIC Documentation 66, Boulevard de l Impratrice BE-1000 Brussels Tel.: Fax: + 32 2 515 10 00 + 32 2 515 10 10 E:mail: cpalermo@eurelectric.org Web: http://www.eurelectric.org

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