Ch.

21- Absolutism in Europe

Across 3. The "English Civil War" is also referred to as this. (2 words) 9. This monarch severed ties with the Catholic Church. Set the groundwork for the "Church of England" with the monarch as its 'head'. (2 words) 12. This gure was hired by Queen Elizabeth to raid Spanish colonies and their cargo ships. In the absence of England's own colonies, the acts of this person tapped America's wealth. (3 words)

Down 1. This is a term used to identify the parliamentary (Puritan) leaders opposing the monarchy in the English Civil War. 2. The French conict (civil war) that pitted the aristocracy against supporters of the absolutist monarchy. The nobility wanted to preserve their "Medieval' privileges while their opponents aimed to subvert it. (2 words) 3. This legislative body represented one of the combatants in the English Civil War.

Across 16. This Absolutist monarch is also known as King Carlos I (Charles I) of Spain. Battled against the Protestant Reformation. Presided over the Diet of Worms and Martin Luther's excommunication in 1521. (2 words) 17. This Russian absolutist monarch (Czar) endeavored to bring the Arts and culture of the Renaissance to Russia. (3 words) 18. This term identied the supporters of the absolutist monarchy during the English Civil War. 20. The Enlightenment philosophy that inuenced the U.S. Founding Fathers emphasized that government can only rule legitimately if it receives this from the people. 21. In addition to the monarch's divine right to rule, this matter also contributed to the dispute that produced the English Civil War. 23. The reestablishment of the English monarchy after the English Civil War. 24. William and Mary of Orange were required to accept this limit on their royal power. (4 words) 25. These Anglicans complained that the Church of England was becoming like the Catholic Church. They endorsed reforms to make the English Church 'purer'. 26. In "The Prince", this Renaissance political philosopher made recommendations like: "The Prince must be a 'fox' and a 'lion' as the situation dictates". 27. A term used by historians to describe the exercise of monarchical power in the absence of restraint by institutions like the Church, legislatures, or the aristocracy. 28. This Act (law) identied absolutist monarchs (Tudor) of England as being the supreme head of the Church of England. To deny this would be treason. (3 words)

Down 4. This was a 'bloodless' change in the English monarchy. It was led by William and Mary of Orange- who lived outside England, but were encouraged to claim the throne by Parliament. This ensured that the English crown would not become Catholic. (2 words) 5. Enlightenment philosopher who wrote "Two Treatises of Government".(2 words) 6. This is the source of much of the funds used by the Holy Roman Emperor to combat the spread of Protestantism and ght various wars of succession in the 16th C. 7. This Act (law) was passed several times in English history. However, during the Elizabethan period, it enforced specic religious practices for English subjects. This solidied religious authority that monarchs sought. (3 words) 8. A characteristic of absolutist rule; the belief that the right to rule is derived from God. (2 words) 10. This is a lasting reminder of the grand construction projects endorsed by French absolutist monarchs. 11. The military leader of the Parliamentary forces during the English Civil War. Establishes the Commonwealth of England. Becomes dictator (Lord Protector) of England, Scotland, and Wales. (2 words) 13. Enlightenment philosopher who wrote "The Leviathon". Supported the exercise of absolutist powers by monarchs based on a "social contract". (2 words) 14. "The Sun King". (2 words) 15. The English royal family ghting the forces of Parliament during the English Civil War. 16. The rst of two Church ofcials to serve in the court of a French absolutist monarch. He paved the way for the establishment of absolute rule in France. (2 words) 17. This term identies a mariner whose job is to raid another nation's shipping. Unlike a pirate, this person is hired by a governmental authority to perform these tasks. 19. This term indicates the change society would undergo to become more like Europe. 20. This brand of monarchy describes the nature of Britain's current monarchial system. 22. Absolutist monarchs exert great effort to establish and maintain a strong bond between themselves and this. (2 words)