April 08, 2010

ECE 3540Advanced Circuit Analysis and Design Practice Problems IX

1. Suppose we have a speaker-box with the magnitude of the input impedance of the woofer driver, as obtained from measurements, as shown in the plot. Find a circuit which models this input impedance (give all component values). Draw a compensating circuit which could be used to cancel the resonance and describe the mathematical equations and/or the computer simulations you might use to choose the numerical values for the components in your compensating circuit (you dont need to actually find the numerical values).
Plot of Magnitude of Input Impedance 16

Recall, that for a parallel RLC circuit:

0 - = R C --Q = -------BW L

14 3 dB Bandwidth: BW = 50 rad/sec 12

10 |Z| []

and for a series RLC circuit:

0 L - = G --Q = -------BW C

slope @ f = 20 KHz: 0.0005 /rad/sec

= 158 rad/sec
0

f = 25.1 Hz 0

100

200

300

400

500 f [Hz]

600

700

800

900

1000

An appropriate model for this input impedance is:

R1 Z L1 R2 L2 C2

From intercept, resonance peak, and slope (approximate):

R1 = 4 R 1 + R 2 = 14 R 2 = 10 L 1 = 0.5 mH 1 - = 158 0 = --------------L2 C2

1 Z = R 1 + j L 1 + G 2 + j C 2 + ----------j L2

1 C 2 = ---------------= 2 mF 10 ( 50 ) 1 L2 1 1 - = 20 mH L 2 = ---------------- ----- = 50 BW = --------------------- = ----------2C 158 R2 C2 2 R2 L2 C2 C2

See page 5 for design of compensation circuit.

April 08, 2010

2. Suppose we have a speaker-box with the magnitude of the input impedance of the woofer driver, as obtained from measurements, as shown in the plot. Find a circuit which models this input impedance (give all component values). Draw a compensating circuit which could be used to cancel the resonance and describe the mathematical equations and/or the computer simulations you might use to choose the numerical values for the components in your compensating circuit (you dont need to actually find the numerical values).
Plot of Magnitude of Input Impedance 16

Recall, that for a parallel RLC circuit:

0 - = R C --Q = -------BW L

14 3 dB Bandwidth: BW = 62.3 rad/sec 12

10 |Z| []

slope @ f = 20 KHz: 0.001 /rad/sec

and for a series RLC circuit:

0 L - = G --Q = -------BW C

6 = 223 rad/sec 0 4 f = 35.5 Hz 0

100

200

300

400

500 f [Hz]

600

700

800

900

1000

An appropriate model for this input impedance is:

R1 Z L1 R2 L2 C2

From intercept, resonance peak, and slope (approximate):

R1 = 6 R 1 + R 2 = 14 R 2 = 8 L 1 = 1 mH 1 - = 223 0 = --------------L2 C2

1 Z = R 1 + j L 1 + G 2 + j C 2 + ----------j L2

1 C 2 = ----------------- = 2 mF 8 ( 62.3 ) 1 1 1 - L2 L 2 = ---------------= 10 mH = 62.3 ----- = ----------BW = -------------------- 223 2 C 2 R2 C2 R2 L2 C2 C2

See page 5 for design of compensation circuit.

April 08, 2010

3. Suppose we have a speaker-box with the magnitude of the input impedance of the woofer driver, as obtained from measurements, as shown in the plot. Find a circuit which models this input impedance (give all component values). Draw a compensating circuit which could be used to cancel the resonance and describe the mathematical equations and/or the computer simulations you might use to choose the numerical values for the components in your compensating circuit (you dont need to actually find the numerical values).
Plot of Magnitude of Input Impedance 18

Recall, that for a parallel RLC circuit:

0 - = R C --Q = -------BW L

16 3 dB Bandwidth: BW = 24.9 rad/sec

14

12

slope @ f = 20 KHz: 0.001 /rad/sec

10 |Z| []

and for a series RLC circuit:

8 = 141 rad/sec
0

0 L - = G --Q = -------BW C

6 f = 22.5 Hz 0 4

100

200

300

400

500 f [Hz]

600

700

800

900

1000

An appropriate model for this input impedance is:

R1 Z L1 R2 L2 C2

From intercept, resonance peak, and slope (approximate):

R1 = 8 R 1 + R 2 = 16 R 2 = 8 L 1 = 1 mH 1 = 141 0 = --------------L2 C2

1 Z = R 1 + j L 1 + G 2 + j C 2 + ----------j L2

1 C 2 = ----------------- = 5 mF 8 ( 24.9 ) 1 L2 1 1 = 10 mH L 2 = ---------------- ----- = 24.9 BW = --------------------- = ----------2C 141 R C 2 C 2 2 R2 L2 C2 2

See page 5 for design of compensation circuit.

April 08, 2010

4. Suppose we have a speaker-box with the magnitude of the input impedance of the woofer driver, as obtained from measurements, as shown in the plot. Find a circuit which models this input impedance (give all component values). Draw a compensating circuit which could be used to cancel the resonance and describe the mathematical equations and/or the computer simulations you might use to choose the numerical values for the components in your compensating circuit (you dont need to actually find the numerical values).
Plot of Magnitude of Input Impedance 20 18 3 dB Bandwidth: BW = 83.3 rad/sec

Recall, that for a parallel RLC circuit:

0 - = R C --Q = -------BW L

16

14

12 |Z| []

and for a series RLC circuit:

slope @ f = 20 KHz: 0.0004 /rad/sec

10

0 L - = G --Q = -------BW C

6 = 500 rad/sec 0 4 f = 79.5 Hz 0

100

200

300

400

500 f [Hz]

600

700

800

900

1000

An appropriate model for this input impedance is:

R1 Z L1 R2 L2 C2

From intercept, resonance peak, and slope (approximate):

R1 = 6 R 1 + R 2 = 18 R 2 = 12 L 1 = 0.4 mH 1 = 500 = 0.004 0 = --------------L2 C2

1 Z = R 1 + j L 1 + G 2 + j C 2 + ----------j L2

1 C 2 = -------------------- = 1 mF 12 ( 83.3 ) 1 L2 1 1 = 4 mH L 2 = ---------------- ----- = 83.3 BW = --------------------- = ----------2C 500 R2 C2 2 R2 L2 C2 C2

See page 5 for design of compensation circuit.

April 08, 2010

Design of compensating circuit:

A typical compensating circuit to get rid of the resonance due to the parallel tank circuit is:
R1 R L1 1 Z n = R 1 + j L 1 + G 2 + j C 2 + ----------j L2
1

1// R + j L + --------jC

L Zn C

R2

L2

C2

Possible design procedure, requires three equations: 1) choose resonance of the compensating circuit the same as that of the parallel tank circuit
1 1 - = ----------- LC = L 2 C 2 0 = --------------L2 C2 LC

2) choose the Q of the compensating circuit the same as that of the parallel tank circuit
C2 C2 1 L 1 --L 2 ----- --- = ----- R2 Q = R 2 ----- = -L2 R2 C L2 R C 1 ---------------L 2 2 ----using (1) we get: R 2 L = RR 2 C 2 = ----2 R L 2 C 2 ---------- L C L2

and plugging back into (1) we get:

L2 C = --------RR 2

3) Now choose the resistance R so that at resonance the new resistance will be the required impedance. Here we assume that at resonance we want:
( R1 + R2 ) R - = R1 Z n = R // ( R 1 + R 2 + j L 1 ) --------------------------R1 + R2 + R ( R1 + R2 + R ) R1 = ( R1 + R2 ) R
2 R1 R1 - + R1 R = ----( R 1 + R 2 ) = ----R2 R2

The above design procedure is not the only one available, but it is typical of what you may have done in you labs to design the compensating network. If we apply this procedure to the four speaker-driver input impedances in this quiz, we arrive at the component values shown on the following four plots.

April 08, 2010

Plot of Magnitude of Compensated Input Impedance, Quiz: 6a 16

14 3 dB Bandwidth: BW = 50 rad/sec 12 Compensation Circuit Values: 10

|Zn| []

R = 5.6 L = 112 mH

C = 0.35714 mF

slope @ f = 20 KHz: 0.0005 /rad/sec

0 = 158 rad/sec f = 25.1 Hz 0

100

200

300

400

500 f [Hz]

600

700

800

900

1000

R1 2 R1 R = ----- + R1 R2 Compensation obtained using these design equations: L = RR 2 C 2 L2 C = -------- RR 2 R

L1

L Zn C

R2

L2

C2

Plot of Magnitude of Compensated Input Impedance, Quiz: 6b 16

14 3 dB Bandwidth: BW = 62.3 rad/sec 12

10
|Zn| []

slope @ f = 20 KHz: 0.001 /rad/sec

6 0 = 223 rad/sec 4 f = 35.5 Hz 0 Compensation Circuit Values: R = 10.5 L = 168 mH 2 C = 0.11905 mF 0

100

200

300

400

500 f [Hz]

600

700

800

900

1000

Figure 1: Comensation network results for circuits of Quiz 6a (top) and Quiz 6b (bottom).

April 08, 2010

Plot of Magnitude of Compensated Input Impedance, Quiz: 6c 18

16 3 dB Bandwidth: BW = 24.9 rad/sec

14

12

slope @ f = 20 KHz: 0.001 /rad/sec

|Zn| []

10

8 0 = 141 rad/sec 6 f0 = 22.5 Hz 4 R = 16 L = 640 mH C = 0.078125 mF 2 Compensation Circuit Values:

100

200

300

400

500 f [Hz]

600

700

800

900

1000

R1 2 R1 R = ----- + R1 R2 Compensation obtained using these design equations: L = RR 2 C 2 L2 C = -------- RR 2 R

L1

L Zn C

R2

L2

C2

Plot of Magnitude of Compensated Input Impedance, Quiz: 6d 20

18 3 dB Bandwidth: BW = 83.3 rad/sec Compensation Circuit Values: R=9 12

|Zn| []

16

14

L = 108 mH C = 0.037037 mF

10

slope @ f = 20 KHz: 0.0004 /rad/sec

6 0 = 500 rad/sec 4 f0 = 79.5 Hz

100

200

300

400

500 f [Hz]

600

700

800

900

1000

Figure 2: Comensation network results for circuits of Quiz 6c (top) and Quiz 6d (bottom).