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Anna is an artist. She draws the moon. She draws clouds. She draws stars.
Questions 1) Anna is A. an artist B. a doctor C. an actor

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2) Anna draws things that are in the A. ground B. ocean C. sky

3) Anna draws A. shells B. stars C. flowers

4) Anna does not draw A. the moon B. clouds C. trees

5) Anna probably also draws A. airplanes B. trees C. fish

Erin is at a restaurant. She eats cookies. She eats ice cream. She eats cake.
Questions 1) Where is Erin? A. She is at her house. B. She is at a restaurant. C. She is at school. 2) Erin eats A. breakfast B. dinner C. dessert 3) What food does Erin eat? A. cake B. cheese C. bananas 4) Erin does not eat A. pie B. cake C. cookies 5) Erin probably also eats A. bananas B. chocolates C. sandwiches

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Adam is a chef. He cooks chicken. He cooks steak. He cooks pork.

Questions

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1) Adam is a A. waiter B. chef C. teacher 2) Adam cooks A. tomatoes B. steak C. bread 3) What kind of food does Adam cook? A. meat B. pasta C. fruit 4) Adam does not cook A. chicken B. pork C. apples 5) Adam probably also cooks A. green beans B. asparagus C. hamburgers

John is at the park. He sees dogs. He sees birds. He sees ducks.

Questions 1) Where is John? A. at the lake B. at the park C. at the store 2) What does John see? A. people B. friends C. animals 3) Which animal does John see? A. pigs B. tigers C. birds 4) John not see A. dogs B. cats C. birds 5) John probably also sees A. squirrels B. machines C. computers

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5 Ben works on a farm. He grows corn. He grows peas. He grows carrots. Questions 1) Where does Ben work? A. on a farm B. at a store C. at a park 2) What kind of food does Ben grow? A. flowers B. vegetables C. animals 3) Ben grows A. potatoes B. carrots C. onions 4) Ben does not grow A. corn B. peas C. lettuce 5) Ben probably also grows A. chickens B. pigs C. tomatoes
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6 Passage Ted goes to the grocery store. He buys an apple, a banana, and a strawberry. Questions 1) Where does Ted go? A. to the bank B. to school C. to the store 2) What does Ted buy? A. fruit B. salad C. meat 3) Ted does not buy A. a banana B. an egg C. an apple 4) Ted probably also buys A. an umbrella B. a hat C. an orange

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7 You need a ball to play baseball. The ball is hard. You need a ball to play tennis. The ball is soft. You need a ball to play soccer. The ball is black and white. You need a ball to play golf. The ball is small. The ball is hard. The ball is small and hard. Questions 1) You need a soft ball to play A. tennis B. golf C. baseball 2) You use a ball that is black and white to play A. golf B. tennis C. soccer 3) You use a small ball to play A. soccer B. golf C. baseball 4) You use a hard ball to play A. soccer and tennis B. tennis and golf C. baseball and golf 5) Using information in the passage, we know that A. golf is a dangerous sport B. tennis is the only sport that you need a soft ball to play C. you need a ball to play many sports

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8 Fire is hot. Fire is red. Fire is yellow. Fire is orange. Fire is good. People use fire to cook. But fire can also be dangerous. Questions 1) What is fire like? A. hot B. slow C. easy 2) What color is fire? I. red II. orange III. green A. I only B. I and II only C. I, II, and III 3) Fire is good because A. it is dangerous B. people cook with it C. animals like it 4) Dangerous things are A. safe B. not safe
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9 My father is a construction worker. He builds houses. He builds schools. He builds houses and schools. He uses a hammer and a saw. My brother is an engineer. He designs buildings. He designs bridges. He designs buildings and bridges. He uses a pencil and a calculator. My son is an athlete. He plays soccer. He plays tennis. He plays soccer and tennis. He uses a racket and a ball. My daughter is an artist. She draws pictures of animals. She draws pictures of people. She draws pictures of animals and people. She uses a pencil and a piece of paper. Questions 1) Who is a construction worker? A. my father B. my daughter C. my son 2) What does my brother do? A. He is a construction worker. B. He is an engineer. C. He is an artist. 3) Who uses a saw? A. my father B. my brother C. my son 4) Who uses a racket? A. my daughter B. my brother C. my son 5) Who uses a pencil? I. my brother II. my daughter III. my father A. I only B. I and II only C. I, II, and III 6) Who probably uses an eraser? A. my daughter B. my brother C. my son
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10 James wants a dog. He walks to the pet store. James sees the animals at the pet store. He sees the cats. He sees the rabbits. He sees the birds. He sees the mice. He sees the dogs. How much does the dog cost? James says. Twenty dollars, the man says. James gives the man twenty dollars. James buys the dog. The dog walks home with James. Now James has a pet.
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Questions 1) What kind of pet does James want? A. a bird B. a cat C. a dog 2) What kinds of animals does James see at the pet store? I. rabbits II. mice III. lizards A. I only B. I and II only C. I, II, and III 3) James does not see the A. Mice B. fish

C. cats 4) What pet does James buy? A. a bird B. a rabbit C. a dog 5) How much does the dog cost? A. 15 dollars B. 20 dollars C. 30 dollars 6) What is the best title for this passage? A. James Sees the Cats B. James Buys a Pet C. Twenty Dollars

11 Passage Rebecca likes to make cookies. She makes chocolate cookies. She makes nut
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cookies. Rebecca makes chocolate and nut cookies. Rebecca likes to make cakes. She makes yellow cakes. She makes white cakes. Rebecca makes yellow and white cakes. Rebecca likes to make pies. She makes apple pies. She makes lemon pies. Rebecca makes apple and lemon pies. Questions 1) What kinds of cookies does Rebecca make? A. chocolate and nut B. fudge and nut C. chocolate and oatmeal 2) What color are Rebeccas cakes? A. white and brown B. yellow and blue C. yellow and white 3) What kind of pie does Rebecca make? I. lemon pie II. cherry pie III. chocolate pie A. I only B. I and II only C. I, II, and III 4) Rebecca does not make A. cakes B. bread C. pies 5) Rebecca makes I. cakes II. cookies III. muffins A. I only B. I and II only C. I, II, and III 6) Rebecca makes A. nut pies and apple cakes B. chocolate pies and lemon cookies C. yellow cakes and chocolate cookies 7) Rebecca is a A. waiter B. baker C. chef 8) Rebecca probably also makes A. bread B. eggs C. candy

12 Passage Yoshi is hungry. Yoshi wants to eat. Yoshi walks to the store. Yoshi walks to the grocery store. Yoshi walks to the grocery store because he wants something to eat. Yoshi arrives at the grocery store. It is late. The sky is dark. Yoshi buys an orange, an apple, a banana, and a mango. The orange costs 50 cents. The apple costs 60 cents. The banana costs 10 cents. The mango costs 90 cents. Questions 1) Yoshi walks to the grocery store because A. he wants something to buy B. he wants something to eat C. he cannot sleep 2) What time does Yoshi arrive at the store? A. at night B. in the morning C. in the afternoon 3) Yoshi buys A. a pineapple B. a tomato C. a banana 4) Yoshi does not buy A. a mango B. a plum C. an apple 5) What kind of food does Yoshi buy? A. fruit B. meat C. vegetables 6) How much does the orange cost? A. 50 cents B. 60 cents C. 70 cents 7) What is the most expensive thing at the store? A. the orange B. the mango C. the banana 8) What is the least expensive thing? A. the mango B. the apple C. the banana 9) How much money does Yoshi spend at the store? A. 2 dollars B. 2 dollars and 10 cents C. 2 dollars and 20 cents
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13 Tom is going on a trip to the mountains. Tom needs to take his bag. The bag is brown. The bag is small. The bag is small and brown. Tom opens the bag. Tom wants to put things in the bag. Tom wants to pack his bag. Tom puts a toothbrush in the bag. Tom puts a map in the bag. Tom puts boots in the bag. Tom puts a camera in the bag. Tom puts a book in the bag. Tom closes the bag. But the bag cannot close! Tom takes the boots out of the bag. He puts them on his feet. Snap! Snap! Now the bag can close. Tom is ready to go! 1) Where is Tom going? A. He is going on a trip to the city. B. He is going on a trip to the beach. C. He is going on a trip to the mountains. 2) Tom has a bag. His bag is I. small II. brown III. old A. I only B. I and II only C. I, II, and III Copyright Read Theory LLC, 2012. All rights reserved. 2 3) What does Tom put in the bag? A. a map B. money C. a jacket A. I only B. I and II only C. I, II, and III 4) Tom does not put _________ in the bag. A. boots B. a camera C. a hat 5) If you pack a bag, this mean you A. take things out of it B. put things into it C. open and close it 6) Using the things in the bag, Tom can _________ on the trip. A. go fishing B. take pictures C. make a tent

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7) After Tom puts his things in the bag, he _________ the bag. A. puts B. closes C. opens 8) What does Tom take out of the bag? A. boots B. a camera C. a toothbrush 9) What is the best title for this passage? A. A Trip to the Mountains B. Tom Packs His Bag C. Tom Puts a Camera in the Bag

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A Lot of Noise
My name is Olaf. I live in a big city. I live on a busy road. During the day and at night, cars go by. Buses go by. Trucks go by. I watch them from the window of our small, fifth-story apartment. People do not seem to hear the noise during the day. But at night, the noise makes it hard to sleep. My road has a lot of animals, too. People keep their animals outside in their yards at night. There are cats. There are dogs. The dogs make a lot of noise. To me, the dogs are like the trucks. The dogs are like the cars. The dogs are like the buses. All of them are loud! One dog barks more than the others do. His name is Simba. Simba is Mr. Cheeks dog. "That is a very bad dog. He keeps me up at night," says Mr. Lucas. Mr. Lucas lives next door to Mr. Cheek. "You should give him away," says Mr. Lucas. This makes Mr. Cheek very mad. "You should not sleep with your windows open," says Mr. Cheek. "You should take your dog inside at night," yells Mr. Lucas. The two men argue about Simbas barking almost every day. I think this is funny. To me, Simba is as bad as the cars. He is as bad as the buses. He is as bad as the trucks. This is what living in a big city is like. There is a lot of noise. what is the setting of this story? A. a large apartment in a small town near a loud street B. a small apartment in big city near a busy road C. a fifth-story bungalow in a big city beside the river D. a townhouse in a noisy city next to a bus station According to Olaf, how are the dogs like the cars? A. They are both fast. B. They are both annoying. C. They are both dangerous. D. They are both loud. The road near Olaf's apartment is I. dirty II. noisy III. busy A. I only B. I and II only C. II and III only D. I, II, and III Which noise makes Mr. Lucas mad? A. B. C. D. cats meowing trucks going by a dog barking people talking A. B. C. D. Mr. Lucas and Olaf Olaf and Mr. Cheek Simba and Mr. Lucas Mr. Lucas and Mr. Cheek

What could Mr. Lucas reasonably do to sleep better? A. B. C. D. close his windows at night not argue with Mr. Cheek go to bed later talk to Olaf

7 Who thinks Simba is a bad dog? A. Olaf B. Mr. Lucas C. Olaf and Mr. Lucas D. Not enough information is provided to answer this question.

According to Olaf, what could be done about noise in a big town? A. People could ride bikes. B. Dogs could be put inside at night. C. People could walk everywhere. D. Nothing can be done.

5 Who argues every day?

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32 The Bald Eagle is a majestic bird. The adult bird has a brown body, brown wings, white head, and large, hooked yellow bill. Younger birds appear all brown. Bald Eagles almost always live near water because their main food source is fish. Sometimes, however, Bald Eagles will eat dead animals (carrion). They will even steal food from other birds such as ospreys and gulls! It was for this reason that the famous Patriot Benjamin Franklin preferred the Wild Turkey as America's National symbol. Nevertheless, the Bald Eagle remains America's symbol. How are younger Bald Eagles different from adult Bald Eagles? ? They have black bills. ? They have lighter bodies. ? They are totally brown. ? They are smaller. What color is the Bald Eagle's bill? ? black ? yellow ? brown ? white Benjamin Franklin thought.... ? Neither the Wild Turkey or Bald Eagle were good choices as America's symbol. ? the Wild Turkey was a better choice as America's symbol than the Bald Eagle. ? the Bald Eagle was a better choice as America's symbol than the Wild Turkey. ? the Bald Eagle was a fine choice as America's symbol. Why do Bald Eagles usually live near water? ? It protects the nest from predators. ? Bald Eagles eat fish. ? Because they steal food. ? Bald Eagles like to swim. The author seemed surprised that.... ? the Bald Eagle is America's symbol. ? that Bald Eagles have white heads. ? that Bald Eagles steal food from other birds. ? that they eat fish.

33 Banks are places where people can keep their money. Most people use banks to save money in their savings accounts and to pay money from their checking accounts. Today, when a person earns money from their job, their paycheck is often electronically deposited (put) into their savings or checking account. Then, he or she can pay their bills by writing checks from their checking accounts or pay online where their bills are electronically connected to their bank accounts. Banks also give loans to people. Banks use the money that their customers deposit to lend to people to buy new houses, cars, or to start businesses among other reasons. The bank makes money from lending by charging interest. In other words, people have to pay back more than they borrowed. This amount depends on how risky the bank thinks the borrower is and how fast the loan is paid back among other things. Show questions one by one How does "interest" work? ? Banks require people to pay back more money than they borrowed ? Banks require people to pay back the same amount they borrowed. ? Banks require people to pay back money they borrowed very quickly ? Banks pay people more money than they borrowed. What do banks do with money their customers deposit? ? Put in a big vault ? Save it ? Lend it to borrowers ? Tax peope How do banks make money? ? Saving their customers deposits ? Charging interest to those they lend to ? By having a lot of accounts ? Electronically How much "interest" do lenders have to pay? ? Everyone pays the same amount of interest. ? It depends on a lot of things ? The story doesn't say ? Most borrowers don't have to pay interest What do banks NOT do? ? provide a place for people to save their money ? help people get jobs ? lend money to people ? provide a place where people can pay their bills from

34 Money is what you use to buy things. You may earn money from completing household chores, getting good grades, for your allowance, or for losing a tooth! Money is very important in our world and comes in many different forms. People have been using money for hundreds of years. Before money gave specific values for things, people simply traded items. In the United States, we use the dollar as our currency or money, but people in different parts of the world use different currencies, though some countries also use or accept our dollars. People earn money from the jobs they work and use that money to save for the future, pay for their houses, cars, food, taxes, medical needs and household items among other things. Even things such as turning the lights on, using the air conditioning or heat, and connecting to the internet cost money. Show questions one by one Select all of the things that money might be used for.

What did people do before there was money? ? People traded to get what they needed ? They made everything themselves ? The story doesn't tell ? They just never got what they needed How long have people used money? ? Thousands of years ? Since the beginning of time ? They started recently ? Hundreds of years According to the author of this story, money is ____________. ? very important ? only used in America ? not very important ? only earned by adults The dollar ..... ? is used in every country in the world. ? is never used in other countries ? is not used very much in the United States. ? is used in the United States.

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Hummingbirds are amazing little birds. They are the smallest of all birds and weigh less than even a penny. The Bee Hummingbird, at barely more than two inches long, is the smallest bird in the world! Unlike most birds, hummingbirds have iridescent feathers. Iridescent feathers glitter and shine in the sun. Hummingbirds are often dazzling combinations of greens and reds or greens and blues. Others are violet, orange, golden, silver or other combinations only Mother Nature could dream up. All hummingbirds have long bills to insert into flowers. Some hummingbirds have special bills to fit in specific flowers. Hummingbirds are the only birds that can fly backwards. Hummingbirds are also unique among bird species in that they drink nectar from flowers. You can attract hummingbirds to your yard with special feeders that are filled with sugar water. These feeders are usually bright red in color because hummingbirds are attracted to red. Show questions one by one To attract hummingbirds to your yard, put up feeders with _____________________ in them. ? berries ? seeds ? flowers ? sugar water Hummingbirds eat ___________. ? berries ? flower nectar ? insects ? the story doesn't say Hummingbirds are the only birds that ____________. ? that will come to bird feeders ? that are green ? can fly backwards ? that are small What color are most hummingbird feeders? ? golden ? green ? red ? white Compared to other birds, hummingbirds are _________. ? about the same size ? lighter ? heavier ? larger

36 Read the passage and answer the questions. GREEN Green is a beautiful color! In nature, the grass that you walk on is green and the leaves that you see on trees are usually green. Most of the plants that you see are green too! Frogs are green and many grasshoppers are green too. Turtles are different shades of green. Did you know that you can make green paint by mixing blue and yellow? Because you can make green my mixing two primary colors, it is called a secondary color. Green is also the name used to describe the movement to make products that do not harm the Earth. Green products are often those made from recycled materials or those that are safe to throw out in the trash. Show questions one by one According to the reading, which is green? ? A bat ? A primary color ? A mushroom ? A frog Green is... ? a type of kite ? a kind of plant ? a primary color ? a secondary color Turtles are... ? not found in nature ? green products ? different shades of green ? not green What is a green product? ? One that is made from grass ? One that is fun ? One that is mixed together ? One that is safe for Earth Which of the following might be an example of a green product? ? a plastic bottle that can be recycled ? a plastic bottle that can not be recycled ? a frog ? a big truck

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Read the passage and answer the questions. The United States The United States is a large country. It is the third largest in the whole world! It is located in a continent called North America. Parts of the United States touch three different oceans. The United States has tall mountains, wide plains, deserts, hills, rivers, lakes, volcanoes, and even rainforests! People from all over the world have come to live in the United States. There are 50 states in the United States. The newest states, Alaska and Hawaii, are not connected to the other states. Alaska is the largest state and Hawaii is a chain of islands in the Pacific Ocean. Show questions one by one Parts of America touch _______ different oceans. ? 1 ? 4 ? 2 ? 3 The United States does not have... ? 50 states ? continents ? mountains ? volcanoes The United States is the _____________ country in the world. ? largest ? smallest ? second largest ? third largest Alaska is ___________ and Hawaii is ___________ ? the largest state; a chain of islands ? not connected to the other states; the largest state. ? connected to the other states; a chain of islands ? a chain of islands; the largest state What continent is the United States in? Top of Form

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Read the passage and answer the questions. The magnificent Redwood trees are some of the largest trees in the world! They are found mostly in northern California where cool temperatures, misty rains, and dense fog allow them to grow. Redwood Trees can live thousands of years. The oldest of these trees can grow to over 300 feet tall. Some rise higher than the Statue of Liberty! A few are so wide, that roads can be built through them. Redwoods trees are preserved in California's Redwood National Park. Every year, nearly a million visitors come to see the giant trees. Others just like to drive along the 33-mile long Avenue of the Giants, a road that winds through the park and surrounding areas. Show questions one by one How many people come to Redwood National Park? ? a few ? a couple of hundred ? almost a million ? no one knows Redwood trees can... ? live without water ? live a very long time ? live about as long as a person ? stop growing at 100 feet tall The author seems... ? bored by the Redwood trees ? to not know that much about the trees ? to think Redwoods can grow anywhere ? impressed with the Redwood trees Redwood trees grow... ? everywhere in the United States ? where it is cool and misty ? where it is icy cold ? where it is hot and dry _________ Redwood Trees can grow to over 300 feet tall. ? Old ? No ? One or two ? All

39 Read the passage and answer the questions. Penguins Penguins are among the most popular of all birds. They only live in and around the South Pole and the continent of Antarctica. No wild penguins live at the North Pole. There are many different kinds of penguins. The largest penguin is called the Emperor Penguin and the smallest kind of penguin is the Little Blue Penguin. There are 17 different kinds of penguins in all and none of them can fly. Penguins have to be able to survive in the some of the Earth's coldest and windiest conditions. They are great swimmers and have thick layers of fat to protect them from the bitter cold. Even in their freezing cold habitats, penguins still have to watch out for predators such as killer whales and seals. Show questions one by one Which is not a PREDATOR of penguins? ? seal ? killer whale ? hawk Where do Penguins live? ? the North and South poles ? the South Pole ? the North Pole Penguins are.... ? great at flying ? great at swimming ? all very large Which is the largest penguin? Top of Form

Check Bottom of Form How many different kinds of penguins are there? Top of Form

Check

40 Blue Whale The blue whale is the largest living animal to have ever lived on the planet Earth. Blue Whales are way larger than the largest dinosaur that ever lived. The largest Blue Whales can grow as large as 100 feet long, which is longer than three school buses put together! Even though blue whales are huge, they eat tiny creatures known as krill. Krill are tiny shrimp-like animals. The whale simply opens its mouth, fills it with krill and salt water, and filters the water out of plates in its mouth called baleen. The blue whale may eat over 8,000 pounds of krill in a single day! The Blue Whale is ______________. ? larger than any animal that has ever lived on Earth. ? large, but smaller than some dinosaurs ? large, but smaller than a school bus A blue whale eats... ? sharks ? small creatures called krill ? big fish Which is NOT true? ? The blue whale is smaller than some elephants ? A blue whale can eat over 8,000 pounds of krill in a day ? A blue whale is larger than the largest dinosaurs What happens to the salt water that the blue whale gulps? ? It turns it to fresh water ? It swallows the water ? It filters the water out A Blue Whale can grow as long as ________ feet.

41 The great herds of buffalo that roamed the plains were essential for all parts of Sioux life and society. For most Sioux villages, "home" was wherever the herds of buffalo roamed. Before the introduction of the horse, Sioux warriors would hunt the buffalo by dressing up as wolves as tricking them into running off of cliffs and ledges. They would also dress up in buffalo skins and make crying sounds like a baby buffalo. When an adult buffalo went to investigate, the warriors would kill it with spears and arrows. The Sioux Indians used the entire buffalo following a kill. The buffalo hide was used for making tepees, clothes, moccasins, and robes. The hair was used to make rope and the horns were used as cups and dishes. Children fashioned sleds out of buffalo ribs, and buffalo fat was used as glue. Most importantly, buffalo meat provided food for the entire village. Much of the buffalo meat that was collected was cooked, dried, and pounded into pemmican (sort of like modern-day beef jerky). Show questions one by one Buffalo hair was used to make ___________________. Buffalo meat was not..... ? cooked ? fried ? pounded ? dried Which of the following statements is true? ? The Sioux Indians were totally dependent on the buffalo. ? The Sioux Indians were not dependent on the buffalo. ? The Sioux Indians were somewhat dependent on the buffalo. ? The Sioux Indians were fairly dependent on the buffalo. What likely changed after the Sioux became familiar with the horse? ? How buffalo meat was cooked and prepared. ? The way in which the buffalo was used for clothing ? Buffalo as the main source of food for the Sioux. ? Hunting techniques Buffalo hides were not used for .... ? cups ? moccasins ? tepees ? robes A Sioux hunter dressing up as a wolf in an attempt to scare a buffalo is an example of ...... ? imitation ? selfishness ? selflessness ? worship The introduction of the horse probably made the Sioux more _______________. ? effective in battle ? mobile ? all of the above ? efficient at hunting Which of the following best describes the hunting techniques of the Sioux before the introduction of the horse? ? ravenous ? resourceful ? selfish ? strange In which of the following places would you be likely to find a buffalo herd? ? forest ? beach ? swamp ? open field

42 Read the passage and then answer the questions. Butterflies are some of the most interesting insects on the planet Earth. There are more than seventeen thousand different kinds of butterflies! Butterflies come in all shapes and sizes. Butterflies go through four main stages of life. The first stage is the egg stage followed by the larva stage. As a larva, or caterpillar, the future butterfly eats as much as possible. As it grows, it sheds it outer skin, or exoskeleton. This may happen four or five times. After a few weeks, the caterpillar enters the next stage of its life, the chrysalis stage. In the chrysalis, the caterpillar will liquefy into a soup of living cells. Then, it will reorganize into a butterfly and the metamorphosis is complete. In later parts of the chrysalis stage, you can see the forming butterfly through the chrysalis. When the butterfly emerges from the chrysalis, it pumps its wings to send blood through them so that it can fly. Most butterflies only live a couple of weeks, just enough time to drink flower nectar and to mate. Some, like the Monarch Butterfly, however, may live many months. Which of the following is NOT true? ? Caterpillars turn into a liquid in the chrysalis ? Most butterflies live a short time ? Butterflies must wait until blood drains into their wings before flying. ? The butterfly may shed its skin 8 or 9 times Which is true? ? There are about a thousand different kinds of butterflies in the world. ? There are less than a thousand different kinds of butterflies in the world. ? There is only one kind of butterfly in the world. ? There are more than a thousand different kinds of butterflies in the world. Why does the caterpillar shed its skin? ? It is hungry ? It is growing ? To defend itself against predators ? The butterfly is coming. What is the second stage of life for a butterfly? ? butterfly ? egg ? chrysalis ? larva How many stages of life does a butterfly go through? In what stage does the metamorphosis happen? ? caterpillar ? butterfly ? egg ? chrysalis What is the third stage of life for a butterfly? ? larva ? egg ? butterfly ? chrysalis

43 Read the passage and answer the questions. Christopher Columbus was born in Genoa, Italy in 1451. While spending most of his early years at sea, Columbus began to believe that he could find a shortcut to the Indies by sailing west across the Atlantic Ocean. Unfortunately, the King of Portugal refused to finance such a trip, and Columbus was forced to present his idea to the King and Queen of Spain. In 1492, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella agreed to pay for his trip. They gave him a crew and three ships, the Nina, Pinta and Santa Maria. Columbus sailed aboard the Santa Maria. The trip was long and hard. Many sailors grew restless and wanted to turn around. After two months at sea, land was finally sighted. The ships docked on the island of Hispaniola. Columbus named the native people he saw "Indians", because he believed he had found the shortcut he was looking for. In actuality, Columbus found North America, a brand new continent at that time. Columbus, however, couldn't be convinced. He died with the belief he had found the shortcut to the Indies. Soon, however, other explorers and nations understood the importance of his discoveries. Columbus' discoveries set the stage for the Age of Exploration, one of the most fascinating and exciting times in world history. Where was Christopher Columbus born? ? The New World ? Portugal ? Spain ? Italy Columbus believed he could find a shortcut to the _________________. The King of ______________ refused to finance his trip. In the year ______________, Columbus set sail. Which is NOT true? ? Columbus was born in Italy. ? Columbus received three ships and a crew from the King and Queen of Spain. ? Columbus found a shortcut to the Indies. ? The journey across the Atlantic took two months. What did Columbus name the native people he saw?

Check Bottom of Form Which of the following was NOT one of his ships? ? Nina ? Isabella ? Pinta ? Santa Maria Why was Christopher Columbus very important? ? He believed he found a shortcut to the Indies. ? He first used the word "Indians". ? He discovered a whole new continent. ? He was one of the bravest explorers of all time.

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Read the passage and answer the questions. Description: The adult House Cricket is about two centimeters in length. The body is usually light brown with black markings about the head and thorax. The female is told from the male by the presence of an ovipositor, a long extension attached to the end of the abdomen, used for depositing eggs in the soil. House crickets have conspicuous jumping legs and have two pairs of wings, of which, only the back pair are used for flight. Habitat: House Crickets can be found in a variety of habitats including woodlands, suburbs, urban areas, buildings, ducts, siding, restaurants and anywhere else there happens to be a food supply and warm air. Although many crickets die off in the colder months, those that manage to find their way indoors can stay alive year round. Reproduction: Crickets reach sexual maturity between eight and twelve weeks after birth. Males attract mates by rubbing their wings together to produce a noise sometimes referred to as "chirping". Technically, this process is called stirdulation. Interestingly enough, the rate in which a cricket "chirps" is determined by the temperature outside. When it is warmer, crickets chirp faster. Scientists can actually tell the exact outdoor temperature by timing the rate of cricket "chirpings". After the male mates with female, the female will lay between 50 and 100 eggs in the ground or another soft surface. The eggs hatch in about two weeks. Life Cycle: Incomplete Metamorphosis: egg -> nymph -> adult Diet: House Crickets will eat just about anything including soft plant matter, insects, young crickets, and decomposing matter.
Which of the following shows the cricket's correct life cycle? ? adult -> nymph -> egg ? egg -> adult -> nymph ? nymph -> adult -> egg ? egg -> nymph -> adult Which of the following do you think is about the size of a cricket (2 centimeters)? ? A dragonfly ? A flea ? A hot dog ? A match What do male crickets rub together to make their "chirping" noise? ? spiracles ? antennae ? legs ? wings What organ is used for depositing eggs into the soil? ? Head ? Legs ? Thorax ? Ovipositor Which of the following is probably NOT part of a cricket's typical diet? ? Other Crickets ? Plant material ? Insects ? Wood What determines how fast a cricket "chirps"? ? food supply ? the number of predators around ? the number of females around ? temperature In which of the following months would it be unlikely to see a cricket outdoors? ? May ? July ? January ? September Which of the following is NOT true? ? Crickets have two sets of wings. ? Some crickets survive during the cold months. ? Males and females have ovipositors ? Crickets can reproduce after 12 weeks. How long does it take cricket eggs to hatch? ? 7 days ? 21 days ? 14 days ? 4 days

Where would you probably NOT find a cricket? ? House ? Woodlands ? Ocean ? Restaurant

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Read the passage and answer the questions. Description: The Great White Shark is the largest predatory shark, and is probably the most well-known and feared shark. The Great White Shark is gray or bluish above and white below. The largest Great Whites can reach lengths of 22 feet and weigh up to 5,000 pounds. Most are between 13 and 16 feet and weigh 1,500-2,400 pounds. The Great White has massive teeth, which are positioned in rows and serrated. When the Great White attacks, it bites its prey and shakes it head back and forth. The serrated teeth act as a saw and literally tear the victim apart. The Great White Shark often swallows many of its own teeth in an attack. Diet: The Great White Shark normally feeds on fish, seals, dolphins, porpoises, otters, and turtles. It is thought to locate its prey by electrosense and by smell. Like all sharks, Great Whites have special pores called Ampullae of Lorenzini, which enable them to detect the electromagnetic fields radiated by moving organisms. Great Whites can detect voltage as small as one half billionth of a volt. Great Whites employ several hunting techniques depending on the prey. Most of the time, the shark will remain still underwater before ambushing its prey from underneath. In the case of hunting some kinds of seals, the impact of the shark is so powerful that it knocks both the shark and the seal clear out of the water. With larger prey such as elephant seals, the shark will simply take a huge bite out of it and wait for it to bleed to death. When hunting dolphins, the shark will attack from above, presumably to avoid detection from the dolphin's echolocation. Range/Habitat: Great White Sharks are most commonly observed throughout the world's sub-arctic coastal waters, though they likely spend most of their time in the open ocean. Highest concentrations are found in the waters off the coast of South Africa, Australia, California, and Mexico. The Great White Shark is also found in the Adriatic and Mediterranean Seas. They generally prefer water between 54 and 75 degrees Fahrenheit. Reproduction: A Great White Shark has never been observed giving birth, however pregnant females have been caught. The Great White Shark is known to be ovoviviparous (young develop in eggs within the mother's body). Females give birth to eight or nine pups that are about five feet in length upon birth. Great Whites reach reproductive maturity when the male is about 12 feet long and the female about 13 feet long. It is thought that Great White Sharks live up to 40 years in the wild, but this estimate may be too low. Shark Attacks: Despite the fear of Great White Sharks, at least in part generated by Steven Spielberg's 1975 movie, Jaws, Great White Sharks do not target humans as prey. Most attacks are attributed to mistaken identity. Sharks can easily mistake humans for seals. Many human injuries caused by Great White Sharks are cases of test-biting. If a shark is unsure about a floating object, it often gives it a test bite to determine what kind of object it is. While such bites do little damage to buoys and other objects, they obviously can inflict serious damage on the human body. Show questions one by one Which of the following is least likely? ? Find a Great White Shark hunting a porpoise ? Find a Great White Shark that weighs 2,000 pounds ? Finding a Great White Shark in 85 degree (Fahrenheit) water. ? Finding a 15 foot long Great White Shark. The maximum weight of MOST Great White Sharks is ____________ pounds. ? 4,200 ? 5,000 ? 24,000 ? 2,400 Select all of the following that are normal parts of the Great White Shark's diet. The ___________________________ are specialized pores that allow a shark to detect magnetic fields of moving organisms. ? Serrations ? Electomagnets ? Echolocation ? Ampullae of Lorenzini What does ovoviviparous mean? ? It refers to animals that lay eggs ? It refers to animals whose young develop outside the mother's body. ? It refers to animals whose young develop in eggs within the mother's body. ? It refers to animals that do not lay eggs You would have something in common with the Great White Shark if you..... ? located your food by sound ? have four brothers and four sisters ? spend most of your time near the shore ? lived to be 80 years old In which of the following places would you have the best chance to see a Great White Shark? ? Mediterranean Sea ? coastal South Africa ? Mississippi River ? Antarctica Sharks often mistake humans for _________________. Which of the following is NOT true? ? Great White Sharks employ different hunting techniques depending on the prey they are stalking. ? Great White Sharks can detect prey by smell or by magnetic field. ? Great White Sharks often target humans as prey. ? Great White Sharks swallow their own teeth during attacks. Which of the following may or may not be true? ? The Great White Shark is actually only white on its underparts. ? Great White Sharks have a life span of 40 years. ? Newborn Great White Sharks are about five feet in length. ? Great White Sharks have serrated teeth that act like saws.

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Read the passage and answer the questions. Description: The Loggerhead Sea Turtle is named for its large head and blunt jaw. This huge sea turtle can grow to 800 pounds (though the average turtle is about 200 pounds) and three and a half feet in length. It is the largest hard-shelled turtle in the world. The carapace (shell) and flippers are reddish brown and the plastron (lower shell) is yellowish. The carapace has five lateral scutes and five central scutes. Scutes are hexagonal sections of the carapace. Underparts are white or whitish. These incredible turtles have powerful flippers that can propel them through the water at speeds of up to 16 miles per hour. The Loggerhead Sea Turtle has a life span of up to 50 years in the wild. Habitat/Range: The seafaring Loggerhead Sea Turtle is found throughout the world's tropical oceans. They are also found in temperate waters in search of food and in migration. Breeding populations exist in many locales including the Atlantic coast of the United States (from North Carolina to Florida), numerous Caribbean islands, Central America, the Mediterranean Sea, and Africa. Diet: Loggerhead Sea Turtles consume fish, crustaceans, mollusks, crabs, and jellyfish, They use their powerful jaws to crush prey. These turtles often ingest stray plastic bags which are mistaken for jellyfish and which cause potentially fatal complications. Nesting: The Female Loggerhead Sea Turtle normally lays her eggs on the same beach in which she was born. It may take up to 30 years before these turtles reach reproductive age. In June or July, females will emerge from the ocean and dig a hole in the sand. Between 70 and 150 eggs are deposited in the hole. The female uses her hind flippers to cover the hole. The eggs are about the size of ping pong balls. Eggs hatch within 65 days. Young turtles instinctively head toward the ocean upon hatching (which reflects the moonlight). Many of these young turtles are taken as prey by opportunistic gulls, vultures, and raccoons. Others are led in the wrong direction by lights from roads and beach houses which the turtles mistake as moonlight. Those that are fortunate enough to make it to the water are swept toward the open ocean by waves and sea currents. Show questions one by one Why is this species named Loggerhead Sea Turtle? ? It rests its head on logs. ? It hunts on logs. ? No one knows. ? It has a large head. What shape are scutes? ? hexagonal ? diamond ? square ? octagonal Which of the following is not part of the turtle's shell? ? carapace ? tail ? plastron ? scute Which of the following is NOT true? ? Loggerhead Sea Turtles are negatively affected by trash that makes its way into the sea. ? Baby Loggerhead Sea Turtle, by instinct, stray away from light when they hatch. ? Loggerhead Sea Turtles can live 50 years. ? There are no hard-shelled turtles larger than the Loggerhead Sea Turtle. Loggerhead Sea Turtles DO NOT eat... ? molluscs ? crabs ? dolphins ? jellyfish Where would you most likely NOT see a Loggerhead Sea Turtle? ? In Lake Michigan ? In the ocean near South Carolina ? In the Caribbean Sea ? Off the coast of Africa. Where do female Loggerhead Sea Turtles lay eggs? ? On gravel surfaces away from the beach. ? At the bottom of the ocean. ? On any beach that does not have people. ? On the beach in which she was born. What does the word "fatal" mean in the following sentence? These turtles often ingest stray plastic bags which are mistaken for jellyfish and which cause potentially fatal complications. ? confusing ? painful ? deadly ? annoying What does the word "emerge" mean in the following sentence? In June or July, females will emerge from the ocean and dig a hole in the sand. Between 70 and 150 eggs are deposited in the hole. ? swim away from ? come from ? give birth in ? return to Which is not true about Loggerhead Sea Turtle eggs? ? They are poisonous to predators ? They hatch within 65 days ? They are laid in the sand ? They are shaped liked ping pong balls

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