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Activity 1 8
At some point in your school career, you’ve probably learned something about
probability and statistics. Our goal in this activity is to review stuff you’ve probably
learned already and refresh our memories so that we can learn new stuff during the rest
of the course. This should be a fairly easy activity to fill out.
Some guidelines:
• SHOW ALL WORK. You must communicate to me how your got
your solution. This is as important as your solution.
Basic Probability
Example 1:
You are flipping a coin.
Question Answer
What is the experiment? tossing a coin
What is one trial in this experiment? one coin flip
What are the possible outcomes? the coin could land heads or tails
What is the sample space? The sample space is all the possible outcomes:
sample space = {heads, tails}
Example 2:
Someone is studying the the numbers of boys and girls in families with exactly 3 kids.
Question Answer
What is the experiment? finding out numbers of boys (b) and girls (g) in a 3 kid family
What is one trial in this experiment? recording the boys and girls in one 3 kid family
What are the possible outcomes? bbb, ggg, bbg, ggb (assuming order doesn’t matter)
What is the sample space? The sample space is all the possible outcomes:
sample space = {bbb, ggg, bbg, ggb}
What is an event?
In probability, an event is a thing in the sample space. Flipping heads on a coin is an
event. A family having all girls (ggg) is an event.
Example 3:
Your friend is rolling a die.
Question Answer
What is the experiment? rolling the die
Example 4:
What’s the probability the die will show an even number?
Therefore, the probability the die will show an even number is 3/6, which is the same is 1/2.
Example 5:
What’s the probability the die will show a number less than 10?
Therefore, the probability the die will show a number less than 10 is 6/6, which is the same is 1.
Example 6:
What’s the probability the die will show an 8?
Therefore, the probability the die will show an 8 is 0/6, which is the same is 0.
Problem set 1:
As you probably know, a deck of cards has 52 cards in four suits: hearts, spades, clubs,
and diamonds. Each suit has 13 cards.
8. The student sitting next to you concludes that the probability of the ceiling falling down
on both of you before class ends is 1/2, because there are two possible outcomes—the
ceiling will fall or not fall. What is wrong with this reasoning?
Basic Statistics
The mean is calculated by adding up a set of numbers, then dividing by the number of
numbers.
Example 1:
Five students tell the number of days they’ve been clean or sober.
student Lindsay Swathi Michael Chris Sarah
days 170 430 30 5 100
To find a median, arrange the data in order from lowest to highest (or highest to lowest),
then the median is the middle number. If there is an even number of entries, the median is
the mean of the two center entries.
Example 2:
Five students tell the number of days they’ve been clean or sober.
student Lindsay Swathi Michael Chris Sarah
days 170 430 30 5 100
Example 3:
Another student joins the group.
student Lindsay Swathi Michael Chris Sarah Katy
days 170 430 30 5 100 900
Example 4:
Five other students compare their time.
Example 5:
Another student joins the group.
student Nick Janaya Brittany John Michael Neeko
days 35 42 35 97 44 44
Two students have 35 days, and two have 44 days, so 35 and 44 are both modes.
8 8 8
What is the range?
While an average gives us a sense of where most of the data is, it doesn’t tell us about
how much the different values vary from each other. The range is one measure that does
do this. To find the range, take the highest number minus the lowest.
Example 6:
These same six students tell the number of days they’ve been clean or sober.
student Nick Janaya Brittany John Michael Neeko
days 35 42 35 97 44 44
Problem set 2:
If you’re using a calculator to find these statistical values, say so. Then instead of showing
work, describe what you did.