An Oracle White Paper / Hands On Lab September 2012

Oracle Optimized Solution for Backup and Recovery

Zero to Database Backup and Recovery in 60 Minutes

O to Database Backup and Recovery in 60 minutes

Disclaimer
The following is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended for information purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions. The development, release, and timing of any features or functionality described for Oracles products remains at the sole discretion of Oracle.

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Introduction .......................................................................................... 2 Sun ZFS Storage Appliance setup process ........................................ 2 Initial Setup for Sun ZFS Storage Appliance Simulator....................... 4 Configure the ZFS Storage Appliance ................................................. 4 Configure the Project and Shares ..................................................... 14 Go to Shares ..................................................................................... 15 Start Virtual Machines ....................................................................... 17 Start OSB01 virtual machine if it is not already running. ............... 17 Start DB01: .................................................................................... 18 Configure Database Server Tape Backups ....................................... 19 Database Server Integration with Oracle Secure Backup (OSB): . 19 Running Disk and Tape Backups ...................................................... 21 Configure Database Server Disk Backups ........................................ 23 Mount Disk Paths .......................................................................... 23 Backup Database to disk channels ............................................... 24 Recovering Data via Tape and Disk .................................................. 25 Breaking the Database: ................................................................. 25 Database Recovery Using Tape ................................................... 27 Database Recovery Using Disk ..................................................... 29 Appendix ........................................................................................... 30 Importing the Sun ZFS Storage Appliance Simulator.................... 30

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O to Database Backup and Recovery in 60 Minutes

Introduction
This lab will take you through 3 basic steps. 1. We will protect a database to disk and to tape. 2. Then break the database 3. Recover from disk and from tape. While the lab is not meant to be an exhaustive lab for any single product along the way for those 3 steps we have tried to let the user spend time getting their hands dirty with the primary products used for backup and recovery, RMAN, Oracle Secure Backup and ZFS Storage Appliance. During this lab you will use 3 Virtual Box VMs: DB01, OSB01, ZBA01. DB01 if your database host using Oracle XE OSB01 is your tape backup host using Oracle Secure Backup ZBA01 is your RMAN disk target using the ZFS Storage Appliance

The user accounts will be: root / root for systems admin / welcome1 for osb administrator if obtool prompts root /root for ZFS Storage Appliance

Sun ZFS Storage Appliance setup process

O to Database Backup and Recovery in 60 Minutes

O to Database Backup and Recovery in 60 Minutes

Initial Setup for Sun ZFS Storage Appliance Simulator

These steps were performed for you before the lab or can be done on your own if you are building the lab out side of the hands on lab.

First you have to down load the Sun ZFS Storage Appliance Simulator and import it to VirtualBox. Exact downloading instructions for these steps change from time to time and are not covered in this hands on lab for that reason. The simulator comes with great documentation on how to download and import the appliance into VirtualBox and can be found by searching for Sun ZFS Simulator on Oracle.com.

Configure the ZFS Storage Appliance

O to Database Backup and Recovery in 60 Minutes

To start press any key to move forward

O to Database Backup and Recovery in 60 Minutes

Fill in the fields as shown below then hit escape key and 1 key (ESC-1). Enter root for the appliance password.

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The base configuration is completed. Using Firefox go to the URL listed below.

Bring up the Firefox browser and enter the URL, https://192.168.56.160:215 using root as the username and the password of root entered during the appliance provisioning above. From this point forward you will configure the appliance via the BUI in Firefox. You will not need the command line interface any more.

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The appliance should show up at a login screen like this once Firefox opens.

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Start the Configuration GUI. Click Start.

The first screen to come is show below.

Click Commit At the next screen, assuming the DNS domain and server matches the screen below click commit. It not, please complete the information in as it is in screen shot below.

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The next screen configures the Network Time Protocol. Click on the SYNC button to synchronize the time to the server. Check the default settings. They should match as shown below. Adjust as necessary and then click commit.

Name services screen. No need to change anything here. Click Commit

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Click + sign on Available Pools to create a new Pool.

Enter Pool Name Pool0

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The defaults should match below. Assuming they do click Commit.

Select Mirrored and click commit.

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Click Commit for Configure Storage

Select Later for support

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Click OK to really mean later.

Configuration Complete

Configure the Project and Shares

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Go to Shares

Click on the (+) Button on the far left under Projects pane to create a new project.

Name the project XE (Not EX, but XE)

In the new Project go the General section From the General tab change the the mount point to be /export/DB01/XE and Synchronous write bias to Throughput. Then click APPLY.

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Go to Protocols Section and add a network NFS exception as listed below, then click APPLY.

Go back to Shares section to create File systems

We will now create 4 file systems backup01, backup02, backup03, and backup04. Add the name and click Apply, Repeat for each file system.

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When you are done the Shares screen should look like this

The ZFS Storage Appliance is now configured and ready for use.

Start Virtual Machines

Start OSB01 virtual machine if it is not already running.

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From Virtual Box Manager start OSB01: Highlight the VM OSB01 and click the start arrow.

Start DB01:

Start DB01 Virtual machine if it is not already running. From Virtual Box Manager start DB01: Highlight the VM DB01 and click the start arrow.

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Configure Database Server Tape Backups

Database Server Integration with Oracle Secure Backup (OSB):

1. Add host to OSB Domain from OSB01 To do tape backups with RMAN the RMAN client must be a member of the OSB domain. This step adds the client host to the OSB domain. Run obtool mkhost on the OSB Admin host. obtool mkhost DB01 Example: [root@OSB01 ~]# obtool lsh

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OSB01 admin,mediaserver,client [root@OSB01 ~]# obtool mkhost DB01 [root@OSB01 ~]# obtool lsh DB01 client OSB01 admin,mediaserver,client [root@OSB01 ~]# 1. Create user for OSB

(via OB) (via OB) (via OB)

in service in service in service

[root@OSB01 ~]# obtool mkuser -c oracle -U oracle -h DB01:oracle:+cmdline+rman oracle [root@OSB01 ~]# [root@OSB01 ~]# obtool lsuser -l oracle oracle: Password: (not set) User class: oracle Given name: [none] UNIX name: oracle UNIX group: [none] Windows domain/acct: [none] NDMP server user: no Email address: [none] UUID: 9edd9762-ed0d-102f-a3c5-0800278d216a Preauthorized access: Hostname: DB01 Username: oracle Windows domain: [all] RMAN enabled: yes Cmdline enabled: yes [root@OSB01 ~]#

Along with having a client you also will require a user with at least rman permissions. This step will create a oracle OSB user which is tied to the unix user oracle. We will pre authorize it for RMAN and Cmdline access from the DB client to the OSB domain. - Run obtool mkuser from the OSB Admin host - obtool mkuser -c oracle -U oracle h DB01:oracle:+cmdline+rman oracle - Example:

[root@OSB01 ~]# obtool mkmf -w 2d -C -a -c "DB01 XE media family" osb01_db01_mf [root@OSB01 ~]# obtool lsmf -l osb01_db01_mf osb01_db01_mf: Write window: 2 days Keep volume set: content manages reuse

1. Create Content Managed Media Family for DB Since this is a RMAN setup we will also create a content managed media family. This media family type allows RMAN to control retention rather then OSB. - Run obtool mkmf on the OSB Admin Server - obtool mkmf -w 2d -C -a -c "DB01 XE media family" osb01_db01_mf - Example:

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Appendable: Volume ID used: Comment: UUID: [root@OSB01 ~]#

yes unique to this media family DB01 XE media family 49401496-ed0e-102f-a3c5-0800278d216a

[root@OSB01 ~]# obtool mkssel -d XE -h DB01 -f osb01_db01_mf -c '*' db01_xe_ssel [root@OSB01 ~]# obtool lsssel db01_xe_ssel -l db01_xe_ssel: Content: Database: Database IDs: Host: Restrictions: Copy number: Media family: Encryption: Resource wait time: UUID: [root@OSB01 ~]# [all] XE [all] DB01 [none] [any] osb01_db01_mf undefined 1 hour 7ffb4dde-ed0e-102f-a3c5-0800278d216a

2. Create Storage Selector for DB The last component for the OSB <-> DB configuration is the storage selector. Storage Selectors allow us to assign resources to specific RMAN clients, Databases, etc. - Run obtool mkssel from the OSB Admin Server: - obtool mkssel -d XE -h DB01 -f osb01_db01_mf -c '*' db01_xe_ssel - Example:

Running Disk and Tape Backups

1. Create RMAN backup of XE database from DB01: To simplify the lab we have provided a very simple rman backup run command. - From the DB01 host as the user oracle run rman - rman cmdfile=/u01/app/oracle/rman_tape_backup.rman - After starting the rman backup open a new window and move on to step 2. - Example
-bash-3.2$ rman cmdfile=/u01/app/oracle/rman_tape_backup.rman Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.2.0 - Production on Mon Oct 1 18:59:20 2012 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. RMAN> connect target 2> run { All rights reserved.

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3> allocate channel tc1 device type sbt; 4> backup database; 5> backup archivelog all not backed up; 6> } 7> 8> connected to target database: XE (DBID=2676154581) using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: tc1 channel tc1: SID=28 device type=SBT_TAPE channel tc1: Oracle Secure Backup Starting backup at 01-OCT-12 -bash-3.2$

2. Verify Backup on OSB from DB01 is running - Using the OSB obtool command list the active jobs - obtool lsj - Example: 3. Verify Backup completed with a status 0 via OSB - obtool lsj -c -T 4. Verify backup completed with a status 0 from RMAN - view STDOUT from step 1.
channel tc1: starting full datafile backup set channel tc1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/XE/sysaux.dbf input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/XE/system.dbf input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/XE/users.dbf input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/XE/undotbs1.dbf channel tc1: starting piece 1 at 01-OCT-12 channel tc1: finished piece 1 at 01-OCT-12 piece handle=0fnmmbcc_1_1 tag=TAG20121001T185924 comment=API Version 2.0,MMS Version 10.4.0.2 channel tc1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:26 channel tc1: starting full datafile backup set channel tc1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set including current control file in backup set including current SPFILE in backup set channel tc1: starting piece 1 at 01-OCT-12 channel tc1: finished piece 1 at 01-OCT-12 piece handle=0gnmmbf2_1_1 tag=TAG20121001T185924 comment=API Version 2.0,MMS Version 10.4.0.2 channel tc1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35 Finished backup at 01-OCT-12 Starting backup at 01-OCT-12 current log archived

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skipping archived log file /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/XE/archivelog/2012_09_30/o1_mf_1_6_86k7f28m_.arc; already backed on 30-SEP-12 skipping archived log file /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/XE/archivelog/2012_09_30/o1_mf_1_7_86kgsdow_.arc; already backed on 30-SEP-12 skipping archived log file /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/XE/archivelog/2012_09_30/o1_mf_1_8_86kjfqjg_.arc; already backed on 30-SEP-12 skipping archived log file /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/XE/archivelog/2012_09_30/o1_mf_1_9_86l0pblb_.arc; already backed on 30-SEP-12 skipping archived log file /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/XE/archivelog/2012_09_30/o1_mf_1_10_86l0zo53_.arc; already backed on 30-SEP-12 channel tc1: starting archived log backup set channel tc1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set input archived log thread=1 sequence=11 RECID=6 STAMP=795553287 channel tc1: starting piece 1 at 01-OCT-12 channel tc1: finished piece 1 at 01-OCT-12 piece handle=0hnmmbg8_1_1 tag=TAG20121001T190127 comment=API Version 2.0,MMS Version 10.4.0.2 channel tc1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35 Finished backup at 01-OCT-12 released channel: tc1 Recovery Manager complete.

Configure Database Server Disk Backups

Mount Disk Paths

1. On the DB01 server in roots home directory /root/ run the create mount script mountZBA.sh will create the directory paths and edit the fstab for you. - /root/mountZBA.sh 2. Edit /etc/fstab - Locate the lines which include /DB01/ and uncomment the line so we can mount it. [root@DB01 ~]# grep DB01 /etc/fstab #192.168.56.160:/export/DB01/XE/backup01 /DB01/XE/backup01 nfs rw,bg,hard,nointr,rsize=131072,wsize=1048576,tcp,vers=3,timeo=600 0 0 #192.168.56.160:/export/DB01/XE/backup02 /DB01/XE/backup02 nfs rw,bg,hard,nointr,rsize=131072,wsize=1048576,tcp,vers=3,timeo=600 0 0 #192.168.56.160:/export/DB01/XE/backup03 /DB01/XE/backup03 nfs rw,bg,hard,nointr,rsize=131072,wsize=1048576,tcp,vers=3,timeo=600 0 0 #192.168.56.160:/export/DB01/XE/backup04 /DB01/XE/backup04 nfs rw,bg,hard,nointr,rsize=131072,wsize=1048576,tcp,vers=3,timeo=600 0 0 [root@DB01 ~]# 3. Mount the new paths

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As root run mount a;

4. Set permissions on your new mounts - As root on DB01 host run chown R oracle:dba /DB01
Backup Database to disk channels

1. Become oracle user on DB01 to run rman_disk_backup.rman - # su oracle - $ rman cmdfile=rman_disk_backup.rman - Example: -bash-3.2$ rman cmdfile=rman_disk_backup.rman Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.2.0 - Production on Thu Oct 4 11:21:13 2012 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. RMAN> connect target 2> run { 3> sql 'alter system set "_backup_disk_bufcnt"=64'; 4> sql 'alter system set "_backup_disk_bufsz"=1048576'; 5> allocate channel zba1 device type disk 6> format '/DB01/XE/backup01/%U'; 7> allocate channel zba2 device type disk 8> format '/DB01/XE/backup02/%U'; 9> allocate channel zba3 device type disk 10> format '/DB01/XE/backup03/%U'; 11> allocate channel zba4 device type disk 12> format '/DB01/XE/backup04/%U'; 13> backup database; 14> backup archivelog all not backed up; 15> } 16> connected to target database: XE (DBID=2676154581) using target database control file instead of recovery catalog sql statement: alter system set "_backup_disk_bufcnt"=64 sql statement: alter system set "_backup_disk_bufsz"=1048576 allocated channel: zba1 channel zba1: SID=39 device type=DISK

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RMAN-06908: WARNING: operation will not run in parallel on the allocated channels RMAN-06909: WARNING: parallelism require Enterprise Edition allocated channel: zba2 channel zba2: SID=40 device type=DISK allocated channel: zba3 channel zba3: SID=41 device type=DISK allocated channel: zba4 channel zba4: SID=42 device type=DISK Starting backup at 04-OCT-12 channel zba1: starting full datafile backup set channel zba1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/XE/sysaux.dbf channel zba1: starting piece 1 at 04-OCT-12 Finished backup at 04-OCT-12 -

Recovering Data via Tape and Disk

For both disk and tape we want to break the data base.
Breaking the Database:

1. Simulate losing a data file: In order to simulate a recovery event we will rip a data file out from under the XE instance. - On the DB01 host move the users.dbf file out of the way. - mv /u01/app/oracle/oradata/XE/users.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/XE/_users.dbf - Example: -bash-3.2$ mv users.dbf _users.dbf -bash-3.2$ ls control.dbf sysaux.dbf system.dbf temp.dbf undotbs1.dbf _users.dbf -bash-3.2$ 2. Offline Affected table users table: As the oracle user on DB01 we will take this table offline - Run sqlplus - SHELL> sqlplus / as sysdba

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SQL> alter tablespace users offline immediate; SQL> quit Example:

-bash-3.2$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Mon Oct 1 19:52:03 2012 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production SQL> alter tablespace users offline immediate; Tablespace altered. SQL> quit Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production -bash-3.2$

3. Verify table space is in recover status. Before we recover lets verify its broken. For this task we created a simple canned sql query. - As the oracle user on DB01 host run the following from oracles home directory - sqlplus / as sysdba @check_table.sql - Should show table in RECOVER status - Example
-bash-3.2$ sqlplus / as sysdba @check_table.sql SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Mon Oct 1 20:01:35 2012 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production NAME -------------------------------------------------------------------------------STATUS ------/u01/app/oracle/oradata/XE/users.dbf RECOVER Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production

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-bash-3.2$

Database Recovery Using Tape

Now that we have taken a backup, and broken our DB lets recover it from our backup. 1. As the oracle user on DB01 start a rman recovery. - Run rman cmdfile=rman_tape_recover.rman - Example: -bash-3.2$ rman cmdfile=rman_tape_recover.rman Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.2.0 - Production on Wed Oct 3 00:12:20 2012 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. RMAN> connect target; 2> run { 3> allocate channel tc1 device type sbt; 4> SQL "alter tablespace users offline immediate"; 5> restore tablespace users; 6> recover tablespace users delete archivelog maxsize 2M; 7> SQL "alter tablespace users online"; 8> } 9> connected to target database: XE (DBID=2676154581) using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: tc1 channel tc1: SID=37 device type=SBT_TAPE channel tc1: Oracle Secure Backup sql statement: alter tablespace users offline immediate Starting restore at 03-OCT-12 channel tc1: starting datafile backup set restore channel tc1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set channel tc1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/XE/users.dbf channel tc1: reading from backup piece 0fnmmbcc_1_1 channel tc1: piece handle=0fnmmbcc_1_1 tag=TAG20121001T185924 channel tc1: restored backup piece 1 channel tc1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:46 Finished restore at 03-OCT-12

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Starting recover at 03-OCT-12 starting media recovery archived log for thread 1 with sequence 11 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/XE/archivelog/2012_10_01/o1_mf_1_11_86nh77 p1_.arc archived log for thread 1 with sequence 12 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/XE/archivelog/2012_10_02/o1_mf_1_12_86qnb2 5c_.arc archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/XE/archivelog/2012_10_01/o1_mf_1_11_ 86nh77p1_.arc thread=1 sequence=11 media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00 Finished recover at 03-OCT-12 sql statement: alter tablespace users online released channel: tc1 Recovery Manager complete. -bash-3.2$ 2. Verify the table space users recovered: - sqlplus / as sysdba @check_table.sql - As oracle from oracle users home dir run the following o bash-3.2$ sqlplus / as sysdba @check_table.sql SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Wed Oct 3 00:11:44 2012 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production NAME -------------------------------------------------------------------------------STATUS ------/u01/app/oracle/oradata/XE/users.dbf ONLINE

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Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production Tape Recovery is now complete.

Database Recovery Using Disk

Before we can recover again we should re break the table space assuming you recovered it from tape. To do this re do section Breaking the Database above before continuing onto disk recovery.

Now that we have taken a backup, and broken our DB lets recover it from our backup. 1. As the oracle user on DB01 start a rman recovery from oracle users home directory. - Run rman cmdfile=rman_disk_recover.rman 2. Verify the table space users recovered: - sqlplus / as sysdba @check_table.sql - As oracle from oracle users home dir run the following o bash-3.2$ sqlplus / as sysdba @check_table.sql SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Wed Oct 3 00:11:44 2012 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production NAME -------------------------------------------------------------------------------STATUS ------/u01/app/oracle/oradata/XE/users.dbf ONLINE

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Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production Disk Restore is now complete.

Appendix

Importing the Sun ZFS Storage Appliance Simulator

Follow the instructions shown in the documentation that is included on the Sun ZFS Storage Appliance Simulator download page for exact instructions. The following section briefly covers how the appliance was imported for the hands on lab for your reference only. Step 1. Click Choose

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Browse and select path: /home/ouser/BURHOL/vbox-2011.1.0.0.1.1.8/Sun ZFS Storage 70000.ovf and click Open

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Click on Continue to approve the selected appliance to import.

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Rename the appliance by right clicking

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White Paper Title [Month] 2011 Author: [OPTIONAL] Contributing Authors: [OPTIONAL] Oracle Corporation World Headquarters 500 Oracle Parkway Redwood Shores, CA 94065 U.S.A. Worldwide Inquiries: Phone: +1.650.506.7000 Fax: +1.650.506.7200 oracle.com

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