RST SoftSwitch User RevF en

SoftSwitch
Class 4 & Class 5 User Manual 2012
SoftSwitch
Dear Client!
Dear Client!
Thank you for purchasing the ROHDE&SCHWARZ TOPEX S.A. product and congratulation for your wise choice.
Solutions:
Carrier-grade IP telephony softswitch for Small/Medium service providers Small and Medium capacity Next Generation Networks Emergency communication center solution IP telephony for Triple Play Solutions(voice, video and data) Prepaid calling cards Residential subscriber Wholesale switching Tandem/ Toll replacement VoIP termination
Main Features:
SoftSwitch provides call-control intelligence for establishing, maintaining, routing and terminating voice calls SIP-based Softswitch solution Billing capabilities including detailed CDR data; RADIUS interface, MySQL and PosttgreSQL interface The Topex multiSwitch serves as an interface for enhanced service and application platform. It is a carrier class Softswitch, suitable for both small and medium size providers. It is also suitable for enterprises that manage their own communications network. TOPEX multiSWITCH allows rapid deployment, full support for multi service, multi access, multi media and mobility applications. A network based on TOPEX multiSWITCH is positioned for growth.
For more details please visit our website at http://www.topex.ro
RST_SoftSwitch_user_revF_en.doc
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Conformity!
Conformity!
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SoftSwitch WEEE Directive Compliance
Conformity!
This symbol applied on your product or on its packaging means that this product fulfils the WEEE Directive. The product shall not be recycled as household waste; it will be disposed separately as sorted waste. Regarding to WEEE Directive the recycling EE equipments must be accomplish separately in purpose of preserving natural resources and to avoid the occurring negative effects about human health and environment. The acquired product shall not be treated like household waste and will be given to a specialized company. ! Please do not dispose your product as unsorted waste (household waste), recycle it to protect the environment. Separate the packages according to waste disposal options and sort it for recycling.
WEEE Directive
For supplementary information contact us to: Phone: +4021 408.39.00 or www.topex.ro
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Record of Changes
Record of Changes
ISSUE DATE NUMBER OF PARAGRAPH
All
A*/ M /D
TITLE OR BRIEF DESCRIPTION

First issue and different changes according to product evolution Added conformity information
MADE BY
A-E
2004-2011
A,E
C. Burdujan V. Sfetcu
2012
Cover, conformity
V. Sfetcu
A Added, M- Modified, D- Deleted
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Content
Content
1 BASIC CONCEPTS ............................................................................................................ 8 1.1 Network switching technology ..................................................................................... 8 1.2 Packet switching ......................................................................................................... 9 1.3 IP telephony technology.............................................................................................. 9 1.4 IP Voice Coding and compression modes ................................................................. 10 SYSTEM OVERVIEW ....................................................................................................... 11 2.1 TOPEX Soft Switch introduction................................................................................ 13 2.2 Architecture .............................................................................................................. 14 2.2.1 Client computer .................................................................................................... 14 2.2.2 TOPEX equipment................................................................................................ 15 2.2.3 Enclosure ............................................................................................................. 16 2.2.4 Electric circuit ....................................................................................................... 17 2.2.5 PC Server requirements ....................................................................................... 17 INTERFACES AND PROTOCOLS ................................................................................... 18 TOPEX SoftSwitch installation ....................................................................................... 19 4.1 How to access the SoftSwitch system! ...................................................................... 19 4.2 Change the IP address ............................................................................................. 20 4.3 Change the hour and date ........................................................................................ 21 CONFIGURATION OF TEXT FILES ................................................................................. 22 5.1 voip.cfg file ............................................................................................................. 22 5.2 group.cfg file........................................................................................................... 23 5.3 exec.cfg file ............................................................................................................ 25 5.3.1 debug parameters ................................................................................................ 25 5.3.2 Data base activation ............................................................................................. 25 5.3.3 RADIUS Activation ............................................................................................... 26 SYSTEM FUNCTIONS...................................................................................................... 27 6.1 Call processing control.............................................................................................. 27 6.2 Adaptation of access protocols ................................................................................. 27 6.3 Service provisioning / interfacing ............................................................................... 28 6.4 Interconnection and interworking............................................................................... 28 6.5 Address resolution, voice processing and control of resources .................................. 28 SYSTEM FEATURES ....................................................................................................... 29 7.1 Networking capability ................................................................................................ 29 7.2 Service capability...................................................................................................... 30 7.3 Security level ............................................................................................................ 30 INTERFACES AND PROTOCOLS ................................................................................... 31 SYSTEM SERVICES ........................................................................................................ 32 9.1 Client Classes........................................................................................................... 32 9.1.1 Description ........................................................................................................... 32 9.1.2 Main Features ...................................................................................................... 33 9.2 Clients ...................................................................................................................... 33 9.2.1 Description ........................................................................................................... 33 9.2.2 Main Features ...................................................................................................... 33 9.2.3 SIP users ............................................................................................................. 34 9.2.4 FXS users ............................................................................................................ 35 9.2.5 ANI Users ............................................................................................................. 36 9.2.6 Prepaid users ....................................................................................................... 36 9.2.7 Trunks .................................................................................................................. 37 9.3 Destinations.............................................................................................................. 37 9.4 Tariffs ....................................................................................................................... 38 9.5 Service instances...................................................................................................... 38 9.6 CDR Call Detail Records........................................................................................ 39
3 4
8 9
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Content
TOPEX SoftSwitch INSTALLATION ................................................................................ 40 10.1 SOFTSWITCH access .............................................................................................. 40 10.2 IP address modification............................................................................................. 41 11 TOPEX SOFT SWITCH CONFIGURATION ...................................................................... 42 11.1 The administration web interface............................................................................... 42 11.2 Authentication........................................................................................................... 42 11.3 The Menu Bar........................................................................................................... 43 11.4 Server menu........................................................................................................... 44 11.4.1 Client Classes option .......................................................................................... 45 11.4.1.1 Add a client class ..................................................................................... 50 11.4.2 Centrex groups option ........................................................................................ 51 11.4.3 SIP Locations option .......................................................................................... 52 11.4.4 SIP Aliases option .............................................................................................. 54 11.4.5 About option ....................................................................................................... 54 11.5 Users menu............................................................................................................ 55 11.5.1 FXS option ......................................................................................................... 55 11.5.1.1 Edit the FXS subscriber properties ........................................................... 56 11.5.1.2 Adding a new FXS user............................................................................ 58 11.5.2 ANI Users option ................................................................................................ 59 11.5.3 Prepaid option .................................................................................................... 60 11.5.4 SIP Users option ................................................................................................ 62 11.5.5 Web option ......................................................................................................... 66 11.6 Billing menu ........................................................................................................... 67 11.6.1 Call List option ................................................................................................... 67 11.6.1.1 Fields button .......................................................................................... 68 11.6.1.2 Filters button.......................................................................................... 70 11.6.1.3 Calls details ............................................................................................. 71 11.6.2 Invoice option ..................................................................................................... 72 11.6.2.1 Invoice download ..................................................................................... 73 11.6.2.2 New invoice generation ............................................................................ 77 11.7 Statistics menu ....................................................................................................... 79 11.7.1 Last Hour option ................................................................................................. 79 11.7.2 Custom option .................................................................................................... 80 11.8 Logout option ......................................................................................................... 80 11.9 Ethernet and serial connection .................................................................................. 81 12 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS ....................................................................................... 82 13 OPERATING CONDITIONS.............................................................................................. 83 13.1 Environment conditions............................................................................................. 83 13.2 Security conditions.................................................................................................... 83 14 GLOSSARY...................................................................................................................... 84
This manual is revision E, january 2009
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BASIC CONCEPTS
1 BASIC CONCEPTS
In order to create a quick background of networks and data communications we detail below a few base concepts related to the network switching technology, packet switching, IP telephony, compression modes or IP voice coding. Data communication is a new communication mode combining the computer and communication, which is the foundation upon which various computer networks can be set up. The data communication network has been developing for 30 years. In the course when human beings enter the information society, data communication is playing a more and more important role.
1.1 Network switching technology

In a wide area, data communication is to transmit data from a source node to the destination via the intermediate switching node network. Such a switching node does not care about contents of data. Its objective is to provide switching facilities for mobile data between nodes. A termination device for communication can be called a site. A site can be a computer, terminal, telephone or another communication device. A switching device providing communication is called a node. They form a topology after being connected with each other via transmission links. Each site can be connected with a node. The collection of all nodes is called a communication network. In a switching communication network, the data entering the network from a site via inter-node switching is sent to the destination after being routed. From a simple network, we can specify that: Some nodes are only connected to other nodes. The only task of these nodes is to complete internal data exchange. Other nodes are connected to one or more sites. Except the exchange function, these nodes also receive data from the connected site and delivers data to the connected site; Generally, the multi-channel multiplexing is adopted for inter-node links. We can also adopt the frequency division multiplexing (FDM) or time division multiplexing (TDM) mode. In addition, the network is not all connected, i.e., there is no direct link between each possible node pair. However, it is always hoped that there are more than one path between each pair of sites to increase the network reliability.
In the wide area network, two different technologies are adopted: circuit switching and packet switching. Along the path from the source to destination, there are differences between the modes of switching information from one line to another for different nodes. Since the major soft switch bearer network is based on the packet switching network, we will primarily describe the packet switching mode below.
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BASIC CONCEPTS
1.2 Packet switching

In the packet switching network, data are transmitted in short packets which have a maximum size limit. If a larger packet is to be sent from a source site, this packet will be split into a series of shorter packets. Each packet contains a part of user data (or the whole of a shorter packet) and some control information. The control information should at least contain routing information needed by the network for sending packets to the destination. At each node of a path, packets are received, stored for a short period of time and then transmitted to the next node. Compared with circuit switching, packet switching has the following advantages: High line efficiency: a single inter-node link can be dynamically shared by multiple packets. In this case, packets are queued and sent out from the relevant link as soon as possible. However, in circuit switching, the time on the inter-node link is allocated in advance with synchronous time division multi-channel multiplexing. In this case, the time slot allocated to a connection cannot be occupied by other connections even when it is idle; The packet switching network can implement data rate conversion. In this case, two sites with different data transmission rates can exchange packets with each other since each site is connected to its communication node at the respective rate. However, in circuit switching, the two sites connected with a circuit should transmit and receive data at the same rate; In a circuit switching network, when the traffic is high, some calls will be blocked, i.e., the network will reject new connection requests before the load on the network reduces. However, in a packet switching network, such packets will still be received but the transmission delay is increased; Priorities are used. If there are many packet queues to be transmitted for a node, it can transmit packets with higher priorities in precedence. These packets will have lower delay than those with lower priorities.
Generally, packet switching does not mean to send the whole packet of a user. Instead, one packet is divided into several packets that can be saved in the memory. This increases the switching speed. This mode is applicable to interactive data transmission. According to services provided by the communication subnet for the termination system, packet switching can be further divided into datagram and virtual circuit switching.
1.3 IP telephony technology

The major objective of the IP telephony technology is to combine the IP network with the telephony network. Moreover, IP telephones can be used by not only computer users but also ordinary telephone users. The two networks have different characteristics: the IP network is a kind of network transmitting data information, in which the packet switching technology is applied; while the telephone network is a kind of network transmitting analog voice signals, in which the circuit switching technology is applied. As we know, the characteristic of circuit switching is that a circuit is occupied whenever a call is connected. It will be occupied all along as long as no party hangs up no matter whether the two parties are talking to each other. Generally, a party is listening while the other party is talking. Therefore, in this case, at least 50% of the circuit is not utilized and the circuit utilization ratio is very low.
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SoftSwitch BASIC CONCEPTS The packet transmission technology is to divide information data to be transmitted into groups based on a certain length (i.e., cutting them to packets), add an address flag to each packet, and then transmit them in the store-forward mode. In this case, each session packet does not monopolize a circuit. Instead, it is sent only when the circuit is idle. In this way, multiple sessions can share one channel asynchronously. Thus, the circuit utilization ratio is considerably increased. Furthermore, the digital compression technology is adopted in packet transmission. Therefore, the circuit utilization ratio is many times higher than that of circuit switching. In addition, the charging mode of packet transmission is irrelevant to the distance. This tremendously reduces the IP costs. At present, with the application of multiple QoS-ensuring technologies such as the queue, priority, RSVP, VPN and MPLS, the IP network technology is developing towards a higher rate and better QoS. Moreover, with the IP telephone technology, the communication cost can be saved considerably. This determines its tremendous market potential. With the driving of the market, more and more research institutes, international standardization organizations, manufacturers etc. are devoting themselves to the development of IP-related technologies, thus enabling it to reach the degree of commercialization.
1.4 IP Voice Coding and compression modes

The transmission of real time voices via the IP network is different from that of ordinary data. In the former case, the relevant application devices must meet the real time of voices. The voice packet transmission requires the network to provide sufficient bandwidth in time. Therefore, for most of the current IP networks that do not provide so high rates, the voice compression technology is the key for implementing IP voice communication. Now, we will present a brief description of the frequently used voice coding and compression modes at present: PCM - Pulse code modulation is the earliest digital voice technology, which does not include any compression algorithm. It transmits voice signals with the 64kbps bandwidth, i.e., taking 8,000 samples per second and acquiring an 8-digit voice signal per sample. PCM is the standard coding mode adopted in G.711. CELP - Code excited linear prediction (CELP) is the most advanced voice transmission technology at present. The CELP algorithm is to compare analog signal samples with curves in the predefined code book; send codes in the code book closest to these analog signal samples to the receiving end; and regenerate original signals after comparison again with the code book at the receiving end. The sampling interval of original signals is very short. Therefore, the regenerated signals are very close to the original signals after being filtered. CELP is the basis of numerous advanced patented voice compression modes. Voices can be compressed to 5.3 kbps, 8 kbps or 9 kbps. CS-ACELP - Conjugate structure algebra code excited linear prediction (CS-ACELP) or G.729 is the 8 kbps voice compression and coding standards of International Telecommunications Union (ITU). CS-ACELP is a new algorithm, which is able to encode 8kbps voice signal bit streams (while the rate of ordinary PCM signals is 64 kbps). The bandwidth efficiency is eight times as that of PCM and four times as that of 32 kbps ADPCM. At present, CS-ACELP is the most welcome voice encoding/decoding plan.
When actually selecting a voice compression algorithm, it is necessary to take various factors into consideration. For example: the pursue of higher bit rates guarantees sound voice quality but requires to occupy more system resources. While lower bit rates will influence voice quality and increase delay. Therefore, to keep better voice quality in the precondition of lower bit rates is the principle for compression algorithm selection.
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SYSTEM OVERVIEW
SYSTEM OVERVIEW
At present, two totally independent networks exist: the PSTN network and the data network, which provide the voice service and basic data service respectively. Network separation and isolation of operation & maintenance have been keeping the general network operation & maintenance costs on a high level, and furthermore, a network cannot provide complicated convergence services, although the network convergence has been an inevitable trend. Hierarchical models are adopted for the Soft Switch - based Next Generation Network (NGN). The entire network can be divided into five levels: Application Level, Call Management Level, Infrastructure Level, Interface Equipment Level and Customer Premises Level, as shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 Next Generation Network based on the Soft Switch Technology Below will be described all the component levels of the Next Generation Network architecture starting from the base to the top (as you can see in Figure 1): Customer Premises Level it refers to the terminals which are accessible to the common users. This level include among other equipments: SIP Phones, GSM terminals, modems, Soft Phones, computers, analog phones, etc. Interface Equipment Level this layer refers to various access gateways and new types of access terminal devices related to the current network. It implements interworking between the devices located at the Customer Premises Level and the Infrastructure Level. This level contains several gateways manufactured by TOPEX such as Media Gateway, GSM / UMTS / CDMA Gateway and SS7 Signaling Gateway. Infrastructure Level The Infrastructure Layer refers to a packet switching network composed of backbone transmission equipment such as IP router or broadband ATM switch, which is the bearer basis of a Soft Switch network.
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SYSTEM OVERVIEW
Call Management Level refers to Soft Switch control units, which completes integrated control processing functions such as call processing control, access protocol adaptation, interconnection and interworking and provides an application support platform for the entire network. Application Level - The Application Layer provides a network with various applications and services, client-oriented integrated intelligent services and service customization. The applications included here are: - Voice messaging; - Voice portal; - Prepaid application; - Billing application; - Video services.
Standard interfaces are used for communication between layers. Under the control of the core equipment (i.e., the Soft Switch equipment) and based on division of labor and cooperation of work, the related equipment implements various service functions of the system. In Soft Switch architecture, the Soft Switch control equipment is the core, which is independent of the bottom-layer bearer protocols and implements functions such as call control, media gateway access control, resource allocation, protocol processing, routing, authentication and accounting. The Soft Switch control equipment can provide all basic call services, supplementary services and point-to-point multimedia services a PSTN can provide. Furthermore, with the cooperation of the Service Layer equipment (SCP) and Application Server, the equipment also can provide users with traditional intelligent services, value-added IP services, diverse third-party value added services and new intelligent services.
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SYSTEM OVERVIEW
2.1 TOPEX Soft Switch introduction

Since a traditional voice network is a closed network with monopolized resources, it has become a common understanding in the telecom industry that the packet network (typically, the Internet), with the advantages such as open architecture, low costs and large scale, will replace the PSTN. Thus it becomes the basic frame of the next generation of convergence networks and that the construction of the next generation of networks will be based on current packet networks. It is necessary for carriers to consider resource utilization and investment protection during construction of future networks. On one hand, carriers should trace the latest technologies and on the other hand, they should try to utilize existing technologies and resources. Thus, carriers can provide users with large numbers of services economically and rapidly to make the highest profits, without the need of large-scale network alteration. The solution of smooth transition from existing networks to the next generation networks is the key to the problem. The Soft switch solution based on soft switch technology is just a mainstream solution to smooth network evolution. A Soft Switch is a very important device in a telecommunication network. It connects the calls from a telecommunication operator to another one only through software. The old routing call through hardware devices is now replaced by the Soft Switches. The Soft Switch is a new switching solution running on a hardware platform a computer - to improve and even to replace the switching function of the C.O. (Central Office).
Figure 2 Software system of TOPEX Soft Switch control equipment
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SYSTEM OVERVIEW
Designed in the distributed mode, the software system of TOPEX Soft Switch has the hierarchical and modular features. The schematic diagram is shown in Figure 2. The Device (Protocol) Adaptation Layer is responsible for accessing various external standard protocols such as H.248, MGCP, H.323 and SS7, converting them to unified internal messages and sending them to the Call Server for proper processing. For future protocols, we can implement the upgrading of the system smoothly just by adding the corresponding software adaptation module to this layer. As the control core of the system, the Call Server provides unified call control. The Resource Manager is responsible for allocating various call-related media resources, for example, controlling the media server to play service tones. The BICC / SIP (Bearer Independent Call Control) module supports interworking between peer entities (Soft Switch control equipment). The Service Manager is responsible for providing interaction between the Soft Switch control equipment and the upper-level SCP and Application Server. The Data Manager provides an unified access interface to the internal database. The Soft Switches achieve the same operations like the usual switch equipments and they are completely transparent to the final user. A call has three stages until it is ended: The client and client classes identification; The identification of services and routes to destination; The call accomplishment. The TOPEX Soft Switch application manages the calls using two concepts: the Client Classes and Clients.
2.2 Architecture
The TOPEX Soft Switch application is delivered by TOPEX Company in two variants: installed directly on the clients computer; included into equipment which can be mounted in a rack. In both cases, the manufacturer offers to the client a software licence key. This licence key is different for each TOPEX application. It supplies a better protection of the equipment and unauthorized use of this one.
2.2.1 Client computer

In the first situation, the software application is installed by TOPEX on a computer supplied by the client. Also, TOPEX install on this computer the Gentoo Linux 2006 operating system required for the proper operation of the Soft Switch application. The computer where the TOPEX Soft Switch application will be installed must accomplish the minimum requirements shown below: Pentium 4 processor with 3 GHz frequency; 1 GB RAM memory; 100 GB hard disk free space; DVD RW.
The system is delivered by TOPEX with a default IP address 192.168.1.20. This address is on a label applied on the client computer enclosure.
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SYSTEM OVERVIEW
2.2.2 TOPEX equipment

The second delivery variant of the Soft Switch application is the installation on a TOPEX equipment. The equipment has a compact design, it is reliable and has a 2U height and 19 width to be mounted in a correspondent rack. In fact, it is a computer enclosed in a metallic case. On the front panel, the equipment has a cover with notches for the ventilation. The cover can be locked with a key delivered by TOPEX to prevent the unauthorized access to the front panel of the equipment.
Figure 3 TOPEX SoftSwitch general view Also, there is a label applied on the TOPEX Soft Switch equipment enclosure. This label contains the default IP address of the equipment which is 192.168.1.20. The equipment is supplied through the power supply cable included in the TOPEX Soft Switch equipment from the 230 V A.C. / 50 Hz network. Package content: When you unpack the TOPEX Soft Switch equipment box, you must find the next items: Item SoftSwitch equipment consist of: HW platform 1U / 2U height case and softswitch main software application Mounting kit for a 19 rack Protection key for application accessing Power supply cable Users Manual Warranty Certificate Pcs 1 1 2 1 1 1
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SYSTEM OVERVIEW
2.2.3 Enclosure
The TOPEX Soft Switch unit is enclosed in a 19 case with 2U height. The front panel includes a cover with notches that is opening with a key delivered by TOPEX. The access to the front panel of the equipment can be locked to prevent unauthorized access. When the cover is unlocked you will have access to the front panel of the equipment.
Figure 4 TOPEX Soft Switch - Front panel On the front panel the equipment are located: the reset button colored in red (labeled RESET); the power button colored in green (labeled POWER); 2 x cooling fans for assuring the proper ventilation of the equipment; DVD ROM unit for reading CDs or DVDs; 2 x LEDs of the electric circuit.
Figure 5 TOPEX Soft Switch Back panel
On the back panel of the TOPEX Soft Switch equipment we have: a central panel with the connectors of the electrical circuit; the special connector for the power supply cable on the left upper part of the back panel; 2 x sets of notches for the equipment ventilation (located on the left and right extremities of the back panel).
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SYSTEM OVERVIEW
2.2.4 Electric circuit

The card contains a powerful processor controlling the whole PCI bus of the system. The electric circuit includes multiple printed circuit cards and a hard disk for the operating system (Linux), Soft Switch application and storage of data. Front View: 1. Hood Cover 2. Up to two Intel E5-2600 Series processors 3. Optical Disk Drive Bay 4. Active Health and Network Status LEDs 5. Video connector (requires Front Video Adapter Kit) 6. Slide-out System Insight Display (SID) 7. Hard Drive Bays 8. Removable hot-plug fan modules for easy serviceability 9. 24 DIMM slots: DDR3 Registered (RDIMM), Load Reduced (LRDIMM) or Unbuffered (UDIMM) memory 10. Redundant Hot Plug Power Supplies (upgradeable option) 11. Removable Riser Cage assembly for 2 x PCIe 3.0 Slots Rear View: 1. PCIe 3.0 Full-height/half length x16 expansion slot 2. Flexible LOM ports (Shown: 4 ports 1Gb each /Optional: 2 ports 10Gb each) 3. Video connector 4. Serial connector 5. PCIe 3.0 Low Profile x8 expansion slot 6. iLO Management Engine NIC connector 7. Unit ID LED/button 8. 4 USB connectors 9. Power supply bay 2 (Shown populated: Optional Power Supply for Redundant Power) 10. Power supply bay 1 (Primary Power Supply) 11. Power Supplies Health/Activity Indicators
2.2.5 PC Server requirements

The SoftSwitch application can be run on many types of PC servers, for which is required to have a minimal configuration such is described in the table below. For the hardware TOPEX solution, delivered to you, the PC server is type HP Proliant DL360 G7.
The configuration and main technical features for HP Proliant DL360 G7 are detailed in the table below: Item Chassis Processor Memory HDD Optical Drive Network Cards Power Supply HP Proliant DL360 G7 HP DL360G7 CTO 1HU HP E5620 DL360G7 FIO Kit HP 2GB 2Rx8 PC3-10600R-9 Kit HP 146GB 6G SAS 15K 2.5in DP ENT HDD HP DL360 12.7mm SATA DVD-RW Kit HP NC112T PCIe Gigabit Server Adapter HP 460W CS Gold Ht Plg Pwr Supply Kit Qty 1 1 2 2 1 1 2
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INTERFACES AND PROTOCOLS
This chapter describes the connecting system over the network; the internal / external interfaces as well as the protocols and signaling used for network communication. Also, offers to the users a detailed overview about the connecting modes of equipment with other devices. The TOPEX Soft Switch equipment represents the control unit for whole system, and accomplishes the function of external interface. It supports multiple protocols of signaling - PSTN, H.323 and SIP - which assure the interconnectivity with other networks. Besides, the equipment includes Ethernet interface for the link with data network (LAN, WAN). For performing the function of system The TOPEX SoftSwitch comprises the following protocols: ... Processing call SIP, H.323, SS7, ISDN; ... Transmission management TCP, UDP, TLS; ... Media management SIP, H.323; ... Applications and services - RADIUS; ... Network management SNMP, Telnet
Figure 1 Applications for implemented protocols
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4
steps: -
TOPEX SoftSwitch installation

For a proper installation of TOPEX SoftSwitch equipment jou must accomplish the following The connection of Ethernet cables Power supply (230VCA) connecting and configuring the application
The hardware installation of Softswitch equipment means the Ethernet cable connection to the LAN or WAN network. After this operation, power supply the equipment using the ON/OFF button, placed on the rear of HP server.
4.1 How to access the SoftSwitch system!

The TOPEX Soft Switch equipment can be access direct (local connection) or using the remote control by means an Ethernet link to a PC. For establishing a local connection you must type the command: ssh tpxadm@<IP address of TOPEX SoftSwitch> For establishing the remote connection you must use SSH protocol from Linux or other application suited for SSH protocol, for instance Putty from Windows. For Putty application the settings must be made such is shown in the figure below:
Figure 6 Putty SSH connection After double-clicking on Putty icon, in the displayed window perform the next operations: select the SSH option, type the IP address of Soft Switch equipment assign the port number 2212 press the Open button to view the equipment structure
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SoftSwitch The authentication parameters are: SSH port 2212; User name tpxadm; Password u53rp455.
If you want to establish and administrate the application as root; you must edit, from the Linux console, su - command and after a successful login the password 5y5t3mp455. For establishing a serial connection use a serial cable; this will be wired to the Softswitch connector with one of end and the other end will be inserted to the serial connector of PC (DB9). For achieving a serial connection, use the HyperTerminal from Windows, for which the following parameters will be set: 115.200, 8, N, 1
Baud rate: 115200 bps Data bits: 8 Parity: none Stop bits: 1 Flow control: none
4.2 Change the IP address

After you perform the root connection (the su- command and 5y5t3mp455 password) is necessary to change the IP address of the equipment. For modifying the IP address: - access the /etc/conf.d/net file which can be edit with nano or mcedit application from Linux. The file has to comprise the lines below: config_eth0=( "192.168.1.20 netmask 255.255.0.0" ) routes_eth0=( "default via 192.168.1.2" ) - replace the default IP address with your assigned IP address The DNS server is set into the /etc/resol.conf file. After you changed the IP address have to reset the network interface by means the command: /etc/init.d/net.eth0 restart
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4.3 Change the hour and date

- stop the running apllication (after the root connection) with the command: /etc/init.d/softswitch stop In order to change the hour and date there are two possibilities: a change the hour and date by BIOS setup: date MMDDHHMMYY /sbin/hwclock --systohc b set the geografical area and this syncronization with a NTP remote server pool.ntp.org ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/"timezone" /etc/localtime /etc/init.d/ntp-client restart At finishing, the apllication is restarted: /etc/init.d/softswitch restart Now you may configure the equipment, the SoftSwitch configuration requires to achieve the two stages: 1 the configuration of text files 2 the configuration of web inteface
The internal structure of TOPEX Softswitch application comprises the configuration text files, which include more parameters that have to be modified depending on customer needs. The SoftSwitch application has features and services and these must be activated by means the configuration files. The administration web interface allows to activate these services for the final users.
The further chapters will offer you the description of text files and web interface as well as the features of these and the available services.
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CONFIGURATION OF TEXT FILES
The internal structure of TOPEX Softswitch application comprises the configuration text files, which include the main parameters of the equipment. These files has been identified by .cfg extension and can be accessed through the Linux console.
5.1 voip.cfg file

In the configure file voip.cfg are set the parameters and protocols suited for VoIP communication. The file path is /mnt/app/cfg/voip.cfg, here can be assigned the VoIP protocols, DTMF digits, VAD and codecs. The basic lines in the voip.cfg file are: dtmfRTP 101 100 1 dtmfINFO 1/0 The lines include DTMF digits comply with RFC 2833 standard and DTMF digits sent by INFO signalling. vad 0 The enable / disable of the VAD option (Voice Activity Detection) means the process which divide the talking towards the quit moments. The basic function of VAD is to indicate the voice activity detection, this in order to facilitate the voice treatment and to mark starting and ending for voice activity. audio_codecs 18 20 8 20 4 20 0 20 The previous line shows the used codecs and the time rate of packets. Each codec has assigned a number. For instance 18 related to G.729 8 related to G.711 A law 4 related to G.723.1 0 related to G.711 law Between the numbers assigned to the codecs is inserted time rate the time interval flows for to send two voice packets. The next lines - voipgw, publicvoipgw, msp i forkmsp are not used. The two last lines of voip.cfg file refer to the VOIP H.323 protocol. First, by default, the soft switch provides only SIP protocol, for H.323 support you have to make enable the below lines: h323 192.168.1.1 9010 forkh323 /mnt/app/bin/h323_apc -p9010 The first line includes the command for VOIP H.323 activation (h323), the IP address (192) and the communication port. Typing the second line launches the main application of H.323 module.
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5.2 group.cfg file

The file group.cfg allows the configuration of system cards. The TOPEX SoftSwitch equipment does not comprise a real card, for its configuration you must define a virtually VoIP card. In the first line of the file you must decide if SoftSwitch equipment works like master or slave. The meanings of values are: 1 master 0 - slave m1 For the TOPEX SoftSwitch equipment which functions as stand alone, this must be set as master, always. If you purchase a system that includes media or signaling gateways, the softswitch must be set as master and the gateways as slave. The slave principle is applied to a system to whom the main application was configured in order to communicate with master device (receive commands and connections from this). The application can run to local equipment or on remote equipment. Note: Thus, if you use the same soft switch application then the master and slave devices have to include a identical structure of folders, such was defined in app folder. If it runs on the same hardware support (for instance was set RTPproxy slave) have to duplicate the folder app. This is made by copping app folder in "apprtpproxy" folder, after this is allowed to modify the cfg file. The next line includes much more parameters regarding to the card group, number group, type etc ... g Field 1 2 Field 2 0 Field 3 195.114.116.235 Field 4 9000 Field 5 1 Field 6 0 Field 7
The significance of each group is described below:
field 1: g = line of group, for each group must add one or more cards, use the card.cfg file. For
each card assigne a port and install it. A group comprises up to 16 installed cards, the number of cards is in [(gr_nr*16) ... ((gr_nr*16)+16)] range. example: gr_nr = 3, the cards will be declared in [3*16 ... 3*16+16] = [48 ... 64] domain Note: If gr_nr > 12 are not allowed that the voip lines to be atached to a group so you must to add them (voip lines) in slave configuration.
field 2: number of group

Note: for the versions of applications older than 4.1.90 the number of groups can be seen with the command centralav and verifying the value of NRGROUP
field 3: type of group: value 0=FXS|FXO|GSM|CDMA...; value 1=E1; value 2=VoIP|RTPproxy field 4: indicates the IP connection to slave, if the IP address is different from 0.0.0.0 or 0
means that the master will connect to this IP using the port available in the next filed. Note: Remember, the master always wil try to connect to the IP address set up in this file.
field 5: the connecting port to slave
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field 6: used only for value = 1, this means Eones equipments group unused for Soft field 7: reserved for further developments
For Soft Switch equipment you have to set up the rtp_ip parameter instead of a real VoIP card, and the line will appear like below: rtp_ip 0 192.168.0.0/16 192.168.1.193 rtp_ip 0 0.0.0.0/0 89.38.173.23 The rtp_ip field content is: rtp_ip <group_nr> <ip_class (format: ip/netmask_len)> <rtp ip used for this class>. If the type of group has the value = 2 the following lines will be displayed: voip 0 2 127.0.0.1 9081 fork /mnt/app/bin/rtpproxy -p 9081 voip 0 2 195.114.116.235 9671 fork /mnt/app/bin/mspd -p 9671 --trace-cmd -v -mem 16 --gw-mac 00:19:AA:D2:3C:25 -m 00:52:C2:40:3E:43 195.114.116.239 --log /mnt/app/out/%d-%m-%y_mspd.log The signnificance of fields is described below:
field 1: mandatory voip field 2: the number of group to which the line was set up field 3: type of group - mandatory 2 field 4: IP connection at rtpproxy/mspd field 5: connection port at rtpproxy/mspd field 6: fork mandatory field 7: the path to rtpproxy/mspd The next fields are options that was transmited by means application rtpproxy/mspd
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5.3
exec.cfg file
The configuration file "exec.cfg" comprises the parameters regarding to the debugging process of protocols, type of database, RADIUS interconnectivity, RTP Proxy, DTMF tones, softswitch name and ASCII protocols.
5.3.1 debug parameters

In this chapter the parameters, that you have to set up for protocols debugging and services, are explained. For debug configuration the next parameters are available: set_cfg_debug 0-5 set_telnet_debug 0-5 set_cctl_debug 0-5 set_app_debug 0-5 set_alr_debug 0-5 set_oam_debug 0-5 set_db_debug 0-5 set_dbp_debug 0-5 set_vm_debug 0-5 set_dlg_debug 0-5 set_srv_debug 0-5 set_gsm_debug 0-5 set_fdw_debug 0-5 set_connect_debug 0-5 set_acc_debug set_serial_debug 0-5 set_q921_debug 0-5 set_q931_debug 0-5 set_db_config_debug 0-5 set_h323_debug 0-5 set_debug_pbx_h323 0-5 set_r2s_debug 0-5 // configuration // telnet // call control // application // alarms // OAM // db forked clients // db pool // voice mail // dialogic // servicii pbx // gsm not used on SoftSwitch // fdwatch // Connect Matrix debug not used // SS7 ACC debug not used // Serial debug // ISDN Q921 debug not used // ISDN Q931 debug not used // Database Config debug // H323 debug from H323 log // H323 communication debug from centrala log // R2S debug not used
The 0-5 marking represents the value assigned to the respective parameter. Each digit from 0 to 5 has other significance, see below. 0 = no debug 1 = ERROR debug 2 = ERROR + WARN debug 3 = info debug 4 = full debug 5 = verbose debug
5.3.2 Data base activation

The next program lines are about the process for assigning the type of database. The SoftSwitch accepts the following patterns for database: POSTGRE SQL, My SQL and Microsoft SQL. The meanings of assigned values are: "0" disable and "1" enable pgsql_billing 0/1 mysql_billing 0/1 mssql_billing 0/1 pgsql_prepaid_pool 0/1 pgsql_ani_pool 0/1 pgsql_simserver_pool 0/1 rtptx_pool 0/1 rtprx_pool 0/1 dns_pool 0/1
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5.3.3 RADIUS Activation

The next program lines include much morte parameters which define the RADIUS AAA interconectivity (Authentication, Authorized, Accounting). The TOPEX SoftSwitch can be connected with an external billing system. The TOPEX Soft Switch equipment supports the 3 billing dictionaries: TOPEX, Quintum and Mind. radius_billing 1 radius_dictionary 0 tx_access_request 1 // 1- enable and 0 - disable // 0=TOPEX; 1=Quintum; default 0 // send or not access request for autentichation
tx_accounting_start 1 // send or not accounting_start for biling. Value 1 means enabke and 0 disable. The system billing can be used without activation of accounting_start parameter, activate only the accounting_stop parameter. radius_auth cli // decide which is the sending information comprises access_request packet in the username field regarding to the incoming directions. The alowable values of RADIUS autentichation regarding to the junction are: CLI = Caller ID, ANI IP = IP address of call class_name = the source class of the call radius_sip_user_auth ip // decide which is the sending information comprises by: access_request packet in the username field regarding to the calls achieved by SIP users. The alowable values of RADIUS autentichation regarding to SIP users are: CLI = Caller ID, ANI IP = source IP of call With the bellow command you can enable / disable the writing CDR (Call Detail Records) as MIND shape, this operation assures the interconnecting with an external billing features belongs to MIND company. mind_cdr 1/0 by:
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SYSTEM FUNCTIONS
SYSTEM FUNCTIONS
The control of the call processing; Access protocols adaptation; Service provisioning and interfacing; Interconnection and interworking; Address resolution, voice processing and control of resources.
The TOPEX Soft Switch equipment mainly completes the following functions:
6.1 Call processing control

The equipment is responsible for completing the basic and enhanced call processing. The equipment controls setup, hold call release of basic calls, including call processing, connection control, intelligent call triggering detection and resource control. It supports the receiving of monitoring requests from the service switching function and the processing of the call-related events. TOPEX Soft Switch equipment receives the information related to call control from the service switching function and supports call setup and monitoring. It supports basic two-party call control and multi-party call control. The support of multi-party control functions includes the control of special logical relationship between multi-party calls, join / exit / isolation / audit of call members and mixing process. The equipment also identifies events such as hook-off, dialing and hook-on reported by the media gateway, controls the media gateway to send various signaling tones (such as dialing tone, ringing tone, ring-back tone, etc.) to subscribers and provides dial-up plan meeting the carriers requirements. TOPEX Soft Switch equipment can cooperate with a signaling gateway to complete the setup and release of a complete call. It uses the No.7/IP protocol and mainly uses the bearer protocol of SCTP. The TOPEX Soft Switch control equipment can be directly connected to H.248 terminals, MGCP terminals and SIP Client to provide the corresponding services. If an equipment is located on a local PSTN / ISDN network, it has the call processing function of local telephone switching equipment. If the soft switch control equipment is located on a PSTN / ISDN toll network, it has the call processing function of toll telephone switching equipment.
6.2 Adaptation of access protocols

The TOPEX Soft Switch control equipment is responsible for adaptation processing of various access protocols (signaling). The TOPEX Soft Switch equipment is an open and multi-protocol entity, which communicates with various media gateways, terminals and networks via standard protocols. These protocols include: H.248, SCTP, ISUP/IP, TUP/IP, INAP/IP, H.323, RADIUS, SNMP, MGCP and SIP.
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6.3 Service provisioning / interfacing

The TOPEX Soft Switch control equipment can provide services a PSTN / ISDN switch can provide, including basic services and supplementary services. The equipment can cooperate with the SCP on an existing intelligent network to provide services the existing intelligent network can provide; and also it can cooperate with the Application Server to provide various value-added services. The TOPEX Soft Switch provides an administration, maintenance and control interface based on the web service for the convenience of service development of the third-party service provider.
6.4 Interconnection and interworking

As an external interface of the TOPEX Soft Switch system, the equipment is responsible for completing the interconnection and inter-working with other peers. The TOPEX Soft Switch equipment supports the application of a signaling gateway to implement the interworking between an existing packet network and an existing SS7 network. TOPEX Soft Switch control equipment implements interworking with an existing intelligent network via a media gateway and can provide users with various intelligent services. The Media Server and media gateway under the control of Soft Switch equipment implement functions such as IVR necessary for intelligent services. Also the TOPEX Soft Switch control equipment implements interworking with an IP telephone network with the H.323 architecture. The TOPEX Soft Switch control equipment implements interworking with future SIP network architecture by means of the SIP protocol. The TOPEX Soft Switch control equipment implements interworking and interconnection with Soft Switch control equipment by means of the SIP-T protocol. The control equipment supports the interworking between H.248 terminals, SIP terminals and MGCP terminals in an IP network.
6.5 Address resolution, voice processing and control of resources

The TOPEX Soft Switch is responsible for the translation from E.164 addresses into IP addresses and supports the address resolution function. The TOPEX Soft Switch control equipment can control whether a media gateway should use voice compression and can provide the optional voice compression algorithms, such as G.711, G.723 or G.729. The Soft Switch can control whether a media gateway should use the echo cancellation technology. The Soft Switch control equipment also can provide the media gateway with the size of the voice packet buffer so as to reduce the influence of jitter on voice quality. Our equipment provides resource management so as to perform centralized management over various system resources, such as allocation, release and control of resources.
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SYSTEM FEATURES
A network based on the Soft Switch technology has the basic features of a Next Generation Network (NGN), which can provide integrated multimedia services such as data, voice and video in a centralized manner. The current versions of Soft Switch systems provide voice-related services and IP value-added services, including: 1. Local service on Metropolitan Area Network (MAN); 2. Network and service interworking with existing PSTN; 3. Toll service on backbone data networks; 4. WEB-based IP value-added service. Furthermore, these systems also can provide point-to-point multimedia communication services. In the above various applications, TOPEX Soft Switch control equipment, as the control core of the system, is responsible for processing basic functions such as call control, protocol adaptation and resource management. And furthermore, as the charging collection point of the system, the equipment provides CDRs of all calls serving as the basis of the Billing System. As the core equipment of the next generation of networks, the TOPEX Soft Switch control equipment is characterized by the following performances: - Powerful networking capability and perfect integrated equipment access capability; - Powerful network interworking capability and perfect scalability; - Powerful service capability, manageability and operability; - High reliability and high security level.
7.1 Networking capability

The system depends upon widely distributed data networks as bearer networks and supports various network topologies such as star, tree, ring, star + ring, etc. The system has powerful penetration capability and supports various network scales. Therefore, the system not only can provide services for a large number of centralized users, but also can expand all services to scattered users on edges of tones. The system inherits perfectly the advantages from existing networks and supports the complete interworking with PSTN / ISDN networks, SS7 signaling networks and mobile communication networks. The TOPEX Soft Switch control equipment provides perfect integrated Network Management System (NMS) and standard network interfaces so that it can be connected to the local network management center flexibly and conveniently. It provides CDR (Call Detail Records) and sends the CDRs to the Billing Center via a standard interface so as to implement centralized settlement in the Billing Center. The system supports the direct access of media server. The system supports the direct access of various digital terminal devices such as PC, Soft phone and IP Phone. The system supports policy-based device control, dynamic addition new devices and dynamic domain adjustment. The system supports the direct access of existing H.323 network devices such as H.323 gateways and H.323 terminals. By means of gateway equipment, the system supports the complete interworking with various existing networks such as PSTN / ISDN networks, SS7 signaling networks and PLMNs. With the application of standard protocols, the system supports the interworking between the same or heterogeneous networks among different manufacturers and carriers.
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The system is of a layered (hierarchical) architecture. The layers are mutually independent and can develop independently. The distributed mode is used in system design so that the system can implement smooth capacity expansion conveniently. With the plane structure, the system supports the networking mode with multi-domain expansion so that the user can plan the network construction scale according to the specific requirements.
7.2 Service capability

With the hierarchical (layered) architecture, the services provided by the system are independent of the network and media. Once a service is generated, it can be shared by the entire network. As a unified service proxy and service bearer platform, the Soft Switch control equipment masks the complexity of the bottom-layer network for the Service Layer, for the convenience of the generation of complicated integrated services. There are three service provisioning modes: The Soft Switch control equipment provides services itself; the equipment cooperates with the traditional SCP to provide services; and it cooperates with the Application Server to provide services. Such service provisioning modes completely guarantee that the system has perfect flexibility in utilizing existing resources and developing future services and that the user can select and expand services flexibly and conveniently according to the specific requirements. The system provides complete operation & maintenance functions for itself, including Element Management System (EMS) functions such as CLI, authority management, log, traffic statistics, signaling tracing, SNMP, data configuration, alarm and diagnosis test. The system has the features of good openness, perfect performance, high security and rich functions, and furthermore, it can provide detailed CDRs to that the Billing Center can perform centralized charging. The system uses a large network database as its data platform and provides multiple charging data backup modes, so as to guarantee the security of charging data and fully meet the actual requirements of telecom operation. Also, it provides a high reliability.
7.3 Security level

Regarding the network security, the system supports setting of different levels of administrator authority, thus preventing users from conducting excessive operations on the equipment. For users attempting to enter the system illegally, the background maintenance terminal provides real time LOG information records. For requests that have hidden threats to the equipment, such as repeated authentication failures, dangerous IP address connections and concurrent large traffic, graphic alarm prompts will be given. In addition, TOPEX Soft Switch provides some built-in self-test security tools, thus automatically rejecting doubtful invasions and reporting them to the system. For the user security, the TOPEX Soft Switch system provides an equipment authentication code for each valid device whose access is permitted. It judges whether to access a subscriber via an authentication code.
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This chapter introduces the connection of the product with the entire network, the provided internal/external interfaces and used signaling / protocols. It enables users to have a full understanding of the connection modes of the equipment and other products. The TOPEX Soft Switch control equipment is the control core in the soft switch system, which also serves as the external interface of the entire system. It supports multiple signaling protocols, which can provide interactions with other networks such as PSTN, H.323 and SIP. In addition, the soft switch control equipment also provides the Ethernet interface for connection with the data network. The TOPEX Soft Switch control equipment is a multi-protocol entity, which interacts and coordinates with other equipments in the soft switch network via various standard protocols (interfaces) to perform functions needed in the system together. The TOPEX Soft Switch control equipment supports the following protocols: Call processing protocol - ISUP, TUP over IP, SIP and H.323; Transmission control protocol - TCP, UDP, SCTP and TCAP / SCCP / M3UA; Media control protocol H.248 / MGCP and SIP; Service application protocol - INAP (CS2), LDAP and RADIUS; Maintenance management protocol SNMP.
Figure 7 Typical application of protocols
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SYSTEM SERVICES
SYSTEM SERVICES
The TOPEX Soft Switch control equipment has powerful services capability. The Soft Switch application inquires the Soft Switch database which communicates with the administration and configuration web based interface. Usually the database is installed on a different hardware platform than the Soft Switch application, in order to prevent supplementary charge of the Soft Switch machine. Although in certain cases, when the data base is not to large, the Soft Switch application and the data base are installed on the same hardware structure. The TOPEX Soft Switch control equipment can use either a Postgre SQL or a My SQL database.
Figure 8 Database interconnection The basic voice service refers to the service of which the major purpose is to ensure normal conversation between subscribers. It is a service collection instead of a specific service. It includes the basic call service, basic PSTN voice service and such voice services as the supplementary service and traditional intelligent service. Here, the basic call service refers to the local, domestic and international automatic incoming call and outgoing call services of various terminals. The terminal type includes the ordinary phone accessed via IAD, Soft Phone and various IP Phones based on H.248, MGCP, SIP and H.323. The basic call service is provided by the soft switch control equipment independently.
9.1 Client Classes 9.1.1 Description

The client classes are divided in two categories: trunks (or junctions) channels where through the calls from other networks are received or sent; subscribers the common users.
There are two types of Soft Switches: Class 4 Soft Switch contains only trunks; Class 5 Soft Switch contains local users (subscribers) and interconnection with other operators trunks. The Soft Switch developed by TOPEX can act as Class 4 Soft Switch and also as Class 5 Soft Switch.
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9.1.2 Main Features

The main features of a client class are: to allow or to restrict calls to certain phone numbers depending on the DNIS Dialed Number Identification Service; to allow or to restrict calls from certain phone numbers depending on the ANI Automatic Number Identification; to modify ANI or DNIS for a client class the source and destination numbers; to route the call depending on a client class; to charge the call depending on the client class; to limit the calls numbers from or to a certain client class for IN calls and OUT calls. For instance, a client class can make a certain number of calls and also it can receive a limited number of calls. For that he will establish the number of received calls from every client class thus the total numbers of received calls to not be overflow. Notice: This feature is specially used to the IP traffic in the Class 4 Soft Switches! to select the channels searching mode on TDM. There are three possibilities: increasing from channel 1 to channel N; decreasing from channel N to channel 1; circular for instance 1 2 N 1 2 ... where the N parameter depend on the number of the E1 streams used. This feature is specially used in the SS7 trunks. Warning! To avoid congestions, it is necessary that the two ends of the connection to have different searching modes on TDM. For example, if one user has the increasing mode and the other has the decreasing mode, the chance of congestion is almost zero. to establish the list of codecs on the input and output. For example if an operator send traffic with a voice codec that is not recognized by the destination the call could not be deployed.
9.2 Clients 9.2.1 Description

The clients represent the second concept of the TOPEX Soft Switch and also an integrated part of the Client Classes. There are several types of clients: SIP SIP users; FXS analogical subscribers; ANI or postpaid clients identifiable through ANI. The Soft Switch has a data base with the ANI codes of his subscribers. When a subscriber wants to make a call, the Soft Switch identifies his ANI code in the data base and allows him to achieve the call. Prepaid clients identifiable through PIN code. It is a similar procedure to the ANI identification. The difference is that the Soft Switch has a data base with PIN codes instead the ANI codes. Usually the clients who use this option dial a certain number to insert the PIN code. If the PIN code is retrieved in the Soft Switch data base, they can dial the destination number. If the user dial directly the destination number and he will not be identified on any options above he will be automatically rejected. Notice: This option is used when the user can not be identified through any other options above. Trunks junctions links with other operators.
9.2.2 Main Features

The clients have several features described below:
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SoftSwitch SYSTEM SERVICES Language - the messages language that the user received from the Soft Switch. These options are: English and Romanian. Client Class - a call from a certain client can be routed and charged different from another depending on his client class. Restrictions - a client can have restriction to dial certain numbers or it can be restrict for dialing on any number - he can only be dialed. A client can have restrictions for the received calls. He can choose certain users to be not able to call him. Client state we have four options for the status of a client that can be: Active; Cant call; Cant be called; Cant call and cant be called. Showing ANI - when a client makes a call, there are three possibilities for his ANI number: ANI is displayed on destination ANI is hidden on destination ANI is not present Translate we have two possibilities: translate ANI and translate destination. The numbers from a specified client class can be translated into numbers recognized by the destination.
9.2.3 SIP users

It represents a simple category of clients. It can be the usual SIP phone or a computer. We have several services for this type of users: User name / Password SIP user name and registration password Restrictions the SIP user can choose the subscribers who can or can not call him. Call forward this option allows the forwarding of a call when the user can not answer the call and he chooses a specified destination to answer the respective call. There are several possibilities when this option is used: destination is busy destination not answers destination is not available the user is not registered combination of the all options Call hold the called part can use this option to switch off the actual call for answering to a more important call that intervenes. After the important call is ended, the previous call is retaken. Call wait it is used to switch between several calls at the same time. Instead the Call hold option where a call must be ended before take over another one, in the Call wait option the calls can be switched random and it is not necessary to end a call to take over another which is waiting. Call wake up the client can set up a time when the Soft Switch will call him. He can choose a message that the TOPEX Soft Switch will send to him. Redial this option allows the user to call the last dialed number just pressing the redial key. Do not disturb the client can choose a time period when he cant be disturbed. Between the specified hours or days, any calls addressed to this client will be rejected.
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Call back this option allows a user to drop a call and to call back the respective subscriber who called him. Call to this option allows the calling of a second number and the connection with the call back number called. Call hunting priority - it is used to establish the priority to route a call from a busy destination to another one. The algorithm must be a non linear one to avoid overcharging of a certain user. In the case of a linear algorithm, when the destination number is busy, the call will be routed always to the same user which will be overwhelmed. Call hunting when a call is directed to certain user and this one can not answer, the call will be forwarded to another user. If also the second user is busy, the call is routed to a third user. The order of routing the calls is established depending on the Call hunting priority parameter. Warning: To accomplish the hunting operation, the users must be in the same hunting group! Call pick up when a phone rings and the user is not there or he can not answer, another user can take over the respective call. The user which wants to answer the calls must dial a code from his terminal to take over the call. Then the first phone will stop to ring and the call is answered by the second user. Warning: To accomplish the pick up operation, the two users must be in the same pick up group! Voice mail the service that sends voice messages to a specified mail address. These messages appear when: destination is busy destination not answers destination is not available the user is not registered combination of all these options Video allows the achievement of the video calls Messages allows sending messages such as: On Line, Busy, Be Right Back, Away, On the phone, Out to lunch or Appear offline.
9.2.4 FXS users

The FXS users are the usual analogical subscribers. The parameters of these users are detailed below: ANI the ANI code of the subscriber; Client id the identification code for a client from the clients table; Has allow in option which establish the clients who can call a certain client; Has deny in option which establish the clients who can not call this client; Call forward - this option allows the forwarding of a call when the user can not answer and he chooses a specified destination to answer the respective call. The options for using this service are the same with those for the SIP users; Voice mail the service that sends voice messages to a specified mail address. The cases for messages appearance are the same with those for the SIP users; Call hunting priority - it is used to establish the priority to route a call from a busy destination to another one. The algorithm must be a non linear one to avoid overcharging of a certain user. In the case of a linear algorithm, when the destination number is busy, the call will be routed always to the same user which will be overwhelmed;
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Call hunting when a call is directed to certain user and this one can not answer, the call will be forwarded to another user. If also the second user is busy, the call is routed to a third user. The order of routing the calls is establish depending on the Call hunting priority parameter;
Warning: To accomplish the hunting operation, the users must be in the same hunting group!
Call pick up when a phone rings and the user is not there or he can not answer, another user can take over the respective call. The user which wants to answer the calls must dial a code from his terminal to take over the call. Then the first phone will stop to ring and the call is answered by the second user; Warning: It is necessary that the two users to be in the same pick up group to realize the pick up operation! Call state the status of the call which can be: idle; dialing; alerting; ringing; connected as calling; connected as called. Notice: There are other services for the FXS users but we do not detail them here because they are similar to the SIP users services. These services are: Call wait; Call wake up; Redial; Call hold; Do not disturb; Call back; Call to.
9.2.5 ANI Users

Also, they are named postpaid clients. They are identified through the ANI number the number of the calling part. The specific features of this category of users are detailed below: Client id the client identification code. Call back - this option allows to a user to drop a call and to call back the respective subscriber who called him. Call to - this option allows the calling of a second number and the connection with the call back number called. SMS2Mail this option allows sending SMS messages from a phone terminal to a computer
9.2.6 Prepaid users

The prepaid users are identified through the PIN code. Usually they must dial a specified number where they will insert the PIN code. The Soft Switch checks the inserted PIN code in its data base, and if it is retrieved, the client will have the permission to make a call to the destination he wants. The parameters of the prepaid users are: - Client id the client identification code; - Activation date the date when the credit was activated; - Initial credit the initial value of the prepaid client credit before any recharging; - Current credit the current value of the prepaid client credit; - Expire date the date when the current credit expires in the format yyyy-mm-dd hh-mm-ss; - Distributor code id the identification code of the distributor of the recharging card.
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9.2.7 Trunks
They are channels where through the calls from other networks are received or sent. There are two types of routing for trunks: when traffic is sent through IP or through TDM. The options are: Routes in / Routes out the IN and OUT routes for TDM traffic. The parameters are: port the switch port (slot) client id the id from the clients table IP Routes IN / IP Routes OUT the IN and OUT routes for IP traffic. The parameters are: IP the IP Address or the IP mask port number of the port on which the call is made proto the protocol used for sending the call. It can be SIP or H 323 clientid the id of a client Warning! For IP traffic, the IP parameter for the IP Routes OUT can be only the IP Address and for IP Routes IN it can be the IP Address or the IP / Mask.
9.3 Destinations
After the Client Class and Client identification are made, the next step is the identification of the destination route. This feature of the TOPEX Soft Switch shows the way routing is made. The routing operation is based on several parameters described below: Client Classes Id the identification code from Client Classes Prefix the destination number of the call Action the operation made by the switch depending on the destination number. There are several actions that can be accomplished: the call can be routed to a subscriber the call can be routed to a Client Class if the destination is an id from the Client Class the call can be routed to a service if the destination is a service number the call can be routed to a hunting group the call can not be routed the call can be routed on LCR if the destination is lcr from the LCR table
Tax type the way how the call is charged. There are several methods for charging calls developed by the TOPEX Soft Switch: charging through the taxed pulses charging on time, where taxed is the id on the table tax on time charging depending on the geographical areas (labeled from 0 to 9). Fork the number of forked calls to reach the destination. Mod the way the call is routed depending on call parameters. The options are: normal routing it is searched the destination with he best ASR Answer Seizure Ratio the number of successful answered calls divided by the number of all the tries to call it is searched the destination with the best ACD Average Call Duration
Max connection time after this time is out of date the call is dropped. Max digits the maximum number of digits for a destination. It is set to 20. All the digits sent beyond this number will be ignored. Digits time out this option interfere when the allocated time to dial the digits has expired.
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9.4 Tariffs
Usually there are only three tariffs depending on time: for week days, for week-end and for holidays. The week days are labeled from 1 to 7 and the holidays are labeled 8. The two parameters are: day and tariff. We have three types of charging: Tax id pulses charging this method establishes a fix charge for the client. For a tax id pulse, a time interval is set. The conversation will have a certain number of those time intervals and the correspondent number of tax id pulses. At the end of the conversation the cost of the call is calculated through the multiplication of the number of tax id pulses and the cost for a tax id pulse.
Tax on time charging this option sets the time charging, where the tax id is an id from the tax on time table. There are two time intervals: t1 and t2. Until a specified moment of the call t1 the charge is made with a tax id and after this interval the charge will be made with another tax id corresponding to the t2 interval. For instance, the client makes a call. He is charged when the other end of the connection answers. At the answer the charge is at 1 minute. After this period he will be charged at 30 seconds. Tax zone special charging depending on the geographical area. There are 10 geographical areas labeled from 0 to 9. The tax zone parameters are: tariffs id is the tariff from the Tariff table start time represents the time when the tariff for a certain area begins end time represents the time when the tariff for a certain area ends t...z0 ... t...z9 is the time in milliseconds for a tax pulse in area number 0 ... 9
9.5 Service instances

Represents the services achieved by the TOPEX Soft Switch. The parameters of this table are: Name the name of the respective service. Service Type the type of the service. There are several types of services such as: prepaid, postpaid, postpaid SSD, composite, account management, subscriber. PIN length the dimension of the PIN code the number of digits. Digits time out this option interfere when the allocated time to dial the digits has expired. Ask language the client receives a message that tells him to select the desired language such as: For English press key 1, For Romanian press key 2. Play tone before dest instead receiving a message, the destination receives a tone. Nr error the number of errors for a call. When this number is reached, the call is dropped. Drop call if no ANI if the ANI number is not recognized, the PIN code is asked to the user. If it is not recognized the call is dropped. Minute beep file it is a beep message that appears at every talk time minute. Play credit shows the available credit of the client. Play talk time shows the talk time of the client calls Ask new dest on call end this option establishes if you want to make another call after the current one was ended. Drop pay phone play file if it is defined, the calls from the pay phones are dropped. Welcome file the welcome message received by the client from the TOPEX Soft Switch.
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SYSTEM SERVICES
Transfer on error number it implies the Nr error parameter. Usually when this error number is reached the call is dropped. Through this option the call will not be dropped anymore when the error number is reached. The call will be transferred to another destination chose by the client. Drop call on not credit for dest When the client has not enough credit to reach the destination, he is asked if he want to call another destination. If the credit is to low for any destination, the call is dropped.
9.6 CDR Call Detail Records

This option shows the detail records of the calls made and received by a client. It has several parameters described below: Number the number where the client called or from where he was called. Date / Time the date and time of the calls accomplishment. Duration the time elapsed for every conversation made or received by a client in the format hh-mmss. Client_id the identification number of the client Client_type the type of the client. It can be SIP user, FXS user, ANI (Postpaid) user, Prepaid user or a trunk. PIN the PIN code of the client. Calling_category the category of the called client. Calling_number_type the structure of the called client number. Forward_number the number where the call was forwarded if the initial destination was not available for answer. Forward_reason the reason why the call was forwarded to another destination. The call is forwarded if the client is busy, he dont answer the phone or he is not available (is not registered).
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TOPEX SoftSwitch INSTALLATION
10
The TOPEX softswitch installation must accomplish the following steps: Connecting the Ethernet cablest Power supply System IP connection and configuration Conectarea i configurarea sistemului
10.1
SOFTSWITCH access
TOPEX SOftSwitch can be access local or remote by means a ETH connection from PC. - for local connection the access is enable with the command : ssh tpxadm@<IP address of TOPEX SoftSwitch> - for remote connection must use a SSH of LINUX or a application that achives SSH over other operation system (Putty ). Putty settings>:
Figure 9 SSH connection over Putty In the main Putty window select SSH and type the IP address of TOPEX equipment, the port number 2122, and press OPEN to view thw equipment structure.
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SoftSwitch The information required for connection are: SSH Port 2212; User name tpxadm; Password u53rp455.
The direct connection as root is not allowed, you must enter from LINUX console the su- command and password 5y5t3mp455. For serial connection use a serial cable betwween TOPEX SoftSwitch and your PC. Use HyperTerminal for Windows and set the 115.200, 8, N, 1 parameters for establishing the serial communication.
10.2
IP address modification
After the root connection the user must modify the IP address of TOPEX equipment, this is available by accessing the /etc/conf.d/net file which can be edit by nano or mcedit for Linux. The mandatory file lines are config_eth0=( "192.168.1.20 netmask 255.255.0.0" ) routes_eth0=( "default via 192.168.1.2" )
The DNS server is set in the /etc/resol.conf file. After the modification of file content you must reset the network interface, using the command /etc/init.d/net.eth0 restart
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SOFT SWITCH CONFIGURATION
11
The TOPEX Soft Switch equipment is a computer which has installed the Gentoo distribution of Linux as operating system and the Soft Switch embedded software. You can easily access the embedded interface from the Soft Switch computer or from a remote computer through the IP Network.
11.1
The administration web interface
The WEB interface allows the end user to provision his telephony features, view his billing status, get statistic information about his accounts, purchase services, view and listen to his voice mail and more. The access to the WEB interface is achieved using a standard web browser and is password protected. You only need a web browser installed on the respective computer. The TOPEX Soft Switch equipment is shipped by TOPEX with a default IP Address which is 192.168.1.20.
11.2
Authentication
To access the Soft Switch configuration page from a remote computer you must type the default address as the URL: http://192.168.1.20. After you type this address on the web browser the following window will appear and ask you about the user name and the password:
Figure 10 Authentication to TOPEX Soft Switch administration page The default Username is admin and the password is 99admin11. Fill in these fields and press the LogIn button located on the bottom of the little window named Authentication. Then, after a successful login you must receive the following message Welcome to the TOPEX Softswitch and you are now in the main configuration page of the TOPEX Soft Switch equipment.
Figure 11 Welcome screen If you enter wrong authentication data (user name or password) the following message will be displayed on the screen above the Authentication window: Error Incorrect User / Password as you can see in Figure 12.
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Figure 12 Incorrect authentication
11.3
The Menu Bar
On top of the screen a menu bar shows up. These menus are used to navigate through the web based interface.
Figure 13 The menu bar On the menu bar the following items are visible: Server here you can add, edit or delete a Client Class, Centrex Groups, SIP Locations and you can see details about the software version of the TOPEX Soft Switch web based interface; Users the section contains the list of clients grouped in several submenus. You can edit or delete the properties of the Soft Switch users: FXS, ANI, Prepaid, or SIP users; Billing the tax files details including the call list, the invoice messages or the detailed bill generation; Statistics the area where are displayed the statistics related to each client class of the Soft Switch; Logout option which finishes a working session.
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11.4
Server menu
The Server menu contains several sections related to the classes of clients, the Centrex groups or the locations of SIP users from the TOPEX Soft Switch data base. When you browse with the mouse over the Server menu, below will appear the submenus of the Server section which are: Client Classes contains the list of classes from the data base; Centrex Groups allow the definition of Centrex groups; SIP Locations contains the locations of the SIP users; SIP Aliases includes the aliases through which a SIP client can be called; About details about the version of the Soft Switch web based interface.
Figure 14 Server menu options If you click on the Server menu name the following window will appear on the screen:
Figure 15 Server settings In the Settings window you can establish several general parameters for the TOPEX Soft Switch such as: - Cost / Unit the cost for a tax unit used by the TOPEX Soft Switch equipment. When you filled the fields above press the Set button in order to establish the new changes. Note: The other parameters from this window Prefix for CLIR, New Dest. Digit and Carrier Selection Code Length are not used. Also, the buttons Rules and Billing from the Settings window are not used in this version of the administration web based interface!
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11.4.1 Client Classes option

This menu contains the name of all the client classes from the Soft Switch data base. In our case you will see the names of client classes such as: - SIP Users; - ANI Users; - Subscribers (FXS, BRIISDN, E1ISDN); - Postpaid; - Prepaid; - Trunks (ISDN, SS7, SIP, H323). Note: The names of the client classes can be modified according to your options. You can choose suggestive names for the client classes. For example for all the SIP users you can create a client class with the SIP Users name. In the following picture you can see the names of the client classes with the correspondent properties.
Figure 16 Client Classes description First when you access the Client Classes menu you will see the picture presented above. Beside the name of the client classes you can see the following items: Id the identification number of the client class; Name the name of the client class; Rules applied on the specified client class; Transcoding feature for every client class it is used for clients with different codecs; Max Calls In / Out the maximum number of calls at input and output for the respective client class; ASR In / Out the Answer Seizure Ratio parameter on input and output; ACD In / Out the Average Call Duration parameter on input and output for the client classes; Action the possibility you can take to modify the client classes Edit or Delete the respective class.
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Edit a client class

If you want to edit an existing client class, press the Edit button from the Action section and on the screen you will see a window such as:
Figure 17 Edit a client class Here you can modify: ID the identification number of the client class; Name the name of the client class; Prefix the prefix assigned to the respective client class; Rules you can check or not this box in order to activate rules for this client class; IN Max Calls the maximum numbers of calls accepted at the input by the respective class; OUT Max Calls the maximum numbers of calls accepted at the output of the new added class; Search Mode allows selecting the channels searching mode on TDM. The options are Up the increased searching mode (from channel 1 to channel N), Down the decreased searching mode (from channel N to channel 1) or Circular the circular searching mode (such as 1 2 N 1 2 ...); RTP Proxy it is an application which runs on the Soft Switch machine and carries UDP datagram from a specified port to another one. The RTP Proxy is used for RTP voice packets transport behind NAT. For each call two UDP ports are opened. It just forward the UDP packets received on a port to another port. Here you can select the options: Not Used, Used except users in the same NAT or Always Used; Transcoding you can check this box if you want to use transcoding for the respective client class; Note: The options Ignore from ANI, Insert into ANI, Ignore from DNIS, and Insert into DNIS are not yet implemented. They will be used in future developments.
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Also in this window you can see the ASR IN / OUT and ACD IN / OUT statistics which can not be modified by the operator. When you made all the modifications press the Submit button located at the bottom of the window. The Client Classes window which appears in the Figure 17 is the main edit window. At the bottom of this window are located several buttons which will open other windows with settings related to the respective client class. If you press the Alerts button, you will open the following window which contains several fields where you can enter the desired values for the parameters.
Figure 18 Client classes - Alerts The window contains three fields where you can enter the appropriate values for the parameters: Alert the type of the alarm used. The available options are: ASR (Answer Seizure Ratio) - is the number of successfully answered calls divided by the total number of calls attempted (seizures); ACD (Average Call Duration) - the duration average for all the calls achieved by a subscriber or class of clients; NER (Network Efficiency Ratio) it represents one of the simplest and most useful traffic management analyses. It is calculated as the rapport between the volumes of non-failure release causes and the volumes of total release causes; ABNSR the Answer Bid Ratio parameter the ratio between the successful bid calls volume and the total number of bids volume.
In the values of the alert parameters for the input calls; Out the values of the alert parameters for the output calls. Press the Update button in order to set the new thresholds for the parameters. For instance when the ASR parameter is below the value entered in this page, an alarm will be sent to the TOPEX Soft Switch.
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The Rules button opens the window where you can establish the rules for users from the respective client class.
Figure 19 Client Classes Rules The window contains 4 sections described below: Mode a list with two options: Allow or Restrict which establishes the phone numbers allowed or rejected from the respective client class; DNIS the destination telephone number; ANI the telephone number of the calling party; Actions by default if the list is empty, it contains only the Add button which adds restriction rules for the client class. When a rule was added in the list another button will appear in the Actions section the Delete button for erasing the respective record.
For instance if you select the Restrict option for the source number 0212124171, and the destination number 0212124170, then no calls will be allowed from source to destination. If you select restrict for a DNIS number, then all the calls to that number will be rejected. In the case when only an ANI number was restricted, and then all the calls from that number will be rejected no matter what destination is called. When you press the Add button without filling the DNIS or ANI fields, the following error will appear on the screen:
To delete a restriction rule press the Delete button located on the Action section. On the screen will appear a window which contains the message Are you sure you want to delete this rule, where you must press the OK button.
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SoftSwitch SOFT SWITCH CONFIGURATION Press the Billing button located at the bottom of the Edit client classes window and you will access the billing page which corresponds to the selected client class.
Figure 20 Client classes Billing At the top of the window is located a radio checkbox with the name of the client class and the correspondent prefix (in our case SIPuser and 4444). In order to add directions with a special tariff use the three fields named Prefix, Description and Price and below the Add button. For example, to add a new direction for the SIP users fill in the Prefix field with 021, the Description field with dir1 and the desired Price for a call. At the end press the Add button and the new direction will be added to the list below the client class name. Also you can add a sub-direction by selecting the checkbox of the new created direction and typing the parameters in the three fields. Thus it can be created a very complex arborescent structure. When you add a sub-direction, its prefix will be attached to the parents prefixes. For instance the qwe direction with the prefix 210 will represent all numbers which begin with 4444-021-210. To delete a recording from the arborescent structure press the Delete button located on the right part of every direction. Warning: When you delete a direction all subdirections related to that will be deleted. This is shown by the warning message that appears when you press the Delete button!
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11.4.1.1 Add a client class

Below the area with details about the client classes you can locate the New Direction button which allows the operator to add a new client class to the existent data base. When you click the New Direction button the following window will appear:
Figure 21 Add new client class When you add a new client class to the data base you must fill the following fields from the new class window: ID the identification number of the new created client class; Name the name of the new class; Prefix the correspondent prefix of that class of clients; IN Max Calls the maximum numbers of calls accepted at input by the respective class; OUT Max Calls the maximum numbers of calls accepted at output of the new added class; Search Mode allows selecting the channels searching mode on TDM. The options are Up, Down or Circular; RTP Proxy you can select Not Used, Used except users in the same NAT or Always Used; Transcoding you can check this box if you want to use transcoding for the respective client class; Note: The options Ignore from ANI, Insert into ANI, Ignore from DNIS, and Insert into DNIS are not yet implemented. They will be used in future developments. When you set these options press the Modify button, located at the bottom of the new class window, in order to create a new client class. If you want to delete a client class press the Delete button corresponding to that class. On the screen will appear a message like the one from the adjacent image. Press the OK button and the client class will be deleted from the TOPEX Soft Switch web based interface and embedded data base.
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11.4.2 Centrex groups option

Here you can define the users groups named Centrex Groups. Centrex (Central Office Exchange Service) is a service from local telephone companies in which up-to-date phone facilities at the phone company's central (local) office are offered to business users so that they don't need to purchase their own facilities. Centrex is a set of specialized business solutions (primarily, but not exclusively, for voice service) where the equipment providing the call control and service logic functions is owned and operated by the service provider and hence is located on the service provider's premises. Since Centrex frees the customer from the costs and responsibilities of major equipment ownership, Centrex can be thought of as an outsourcing solution. The customer is spared the expense of having to keep up with fast-moving technology changes (for example, having to continually update their private branch exchange infrastructure) and the phone company has a new set of services to sell. In many cases, Centrex has now replaced the private branch exchange. Effectively, the central office has become a huge branch exchange for all of its local customers. In most cases, Centrex (which is sold by different names in different localities) provides customers with as much if not more control over the services they have as PBX did. In some cases, the phone company places Centrex equipment on the customer premises. Typical Centrex service includes Direct Inward Dialing (DID), sharing of the same system among multiple company locations, and self-managed line allocation and cost-accounting monitoring. Call control and service logic refer collectively to the functions needed to process a telephone call and offer telephone features. The following are examples of call control and service logic functions: Recognizing that a party has gone off hook and that dial tone should be provided; Interpreting the dialed digits to determine where the call is to terminated; Determining whether the called party is available, busy, or has call forwarding, and then applying the appropriate treatment (e.g., ringing the phone, applying busy signal, applying a call waiting tone, delivering the call to voicemail, or forwarding the call to another party); Recognizing when the called party answers the phone and when either party subsequently hangs up, and recording the appropriate information for billing.
Figure 22 Adding a Centrex Group To add a Centrex Group to the existing list insert the name in the field labeled Group Name and then press the Add button. The new group will be added in the list, increasing, on the next free position. To delete a group from the list of Centrex groups press the Delete button from the Actions menu. The group will be automatically erased.
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SoftSwitch SOFT SWITCH CONFIGURATION Also the Actions field contains the View button which displays a window with details about the respective Centrex Group. In the title bar of the window you will see the menu followed by the name of the Centrex Group. For instance, in the image below Centrex Groups / Topex.
Figure 23 View the Centrex Groups The window contains details related to the users included in the respective Centrex Group. The fields described here are: User ID the identification number of the registered user; Description a relevant description of the subscriber; Username the user name of the client (phone number used inside the Centrex Group); Alias the aliases used to call a certain user included in the Centrex Group. An user can have several aliases through which he can be called. Every user included in a Centrex Group can be edited through the Edit button from the right part of the field. If you press this button you will access the Aliases window from the SIP Users menu.
11.4.3 SIP Locations option

This menu shows a detailed list with the locations of all the SIP users from the Soft Switch data base. On this page you will see only the locations of SIP users which are online at the moment of accessing the TOPEX SoftSwitch web based administration interface. If you click the SIP Locations button from the menu bar a window similar to the one below will be displayed on the screen.
Figure 24 SIP Locations menu
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The list with the SIP locations contains several parameters such as: ID the identification number of the SIP location; Username the name of the SIP location; IP the IP address of the Soft Switch; Contact has the next format <username>@<IP address of the SIP location>:<Port number>; Expire2 the registering time to the TOPEX Soft Switch for a specified client. If this time period (expressed in seconds) expires, the SIP location will be offline. For example if the Expire2 parameter is 35 seconds (see the figure above) and the client is not registering to the Soft Switch during this time interval, the SIP location of this client will be offline. NAT bind this parameter has the next format <IP address of the NAT server>:<Port number>; RTP Proxy the application which carries UDP packets from a specified port to another one; Transcoding this field can have two options: No or Yes; Call State indicates the state of the SIP location; Details shows details (correspondent parameters) related to the SIP locations. If you press the Details button, the SIP Location Details window will appear:
Figure 25 SIP Location Details In Figure 25 you can see all the parameters allocated to the SIP Users: Client ID, Class, Username, CLI User Agent, CLI Proxy, Centrex Group, IP, Contact, Call-ID, Cseq, Expire, Expire2, NAT bind, RTP proxy, Transcoding, Voice Mail, Voice Mail State, Voice Mail Number, Voice Mail 2 Email State, Voice Mail 2 Email, Call Pickup Group, Call Hunting Group, Call Hunting Priority. If you press the Client ID button you will return to the User Details and if you access the Class button the window with Client Classes details will appear on your screen (see Figure 16).
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11.4.4 SIP Aliases option

This menu includes all aliases assigned to a SIP user registered on the TOPEX Soft Switch database. When you click on the SIP Aliases menu the following window will appear on the screen:
Figure 26 SIP User Alias The SIP User Alias window contains the following parameters: ID the identification number of the SIP user; Alias the aliases used for the respective user; Description a summary description of the SIP user for instance the user name of the subscriber; Class the client class where the SIP user belongs; Press the View button in order to visualize the Aliases window from the SIP Users menu where are defined the aliases. Note: An user can have several aliases. For instance in the image from Figure 26, the user 2131 can be called on several aliases such as 105, 911 or 411.
11.4.5 About option

The About option from the Server opens a window which contains the version of the TOPEX Soft Switch web based interface.
Figure 27 About option from the Server menu The window contains the TOPEX logo, the name of the equipment, the software version (here is 1.2.2) and the copyright message Copyright 2007 Topex S.A.. If you click on the company name, you will access the TOPEX website from the address http://www.topex.ro.
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11.5
Users menu
In the Users menu are grouped all the client types included in the TOPEX Soft Switch data base. The menu contains several submenus with details about every client included in the TOPEX Soft Switch structure. The submenus which describe the client types are: FXS the FXS subscribers which use regular phone terminals; ANI the subscribers recognized through their identity (telephone number); Prepaid the users with a call permission restricted by the current credit, PIN users with prepaid cards; SIP SIP users with IP phones; Web the complete list of users from the Soft Switch data base.
Figure 28 Users submenus
11.5.1 FXS option

The FXS menu contains details about the FXS users usual analogue subscribers. When you access this option, on the screen will appear the Subscribers window:
Figure 29 Subscribers menu The parameters of the FXS users are: ID the identification number of the FXS subscriber; Description a summary description of the client; Class the client class where the respective user belongs; ANI the identity (Automat Number Identification) of the client; Port the physical port of connecting the analog terminal; Pickup Group the number of the pickup group where the subscriber is assigned; Hunting Group the number of the hunting group where the subscriber belongs; Hunting Priority the priority which corresponds to the hunting group; Action there are 2 possibilities: edit the properties and delete the respective subscriber.
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11.5.1.1 Edit the FXS subscriber properties

If you choose to edit the parameters of a certain subscriber, press the Edit button to change its parameters. The next window will appear:
Figure 30 Edit FXS subscriber In the FXS users edit page you can modify the next items: Class the client class where the respective analog user belongs; Port the number of the physical port of the FXS phone terminal; ANI the identity of the FXS subscriber; Call forward enables the activation of forwarding the calls when the user is in one of the Call Forward States; Call forward state this feature contains several states when the call is forwarding: Offline the user is not online, Busy the user is busy, No Answer the user does not answers and Always all the calls received by the respective FXS user are forwarded. When an option from this list is checked the call will be forwarded only in this case. If you want to forward the calls in all cases check all boxes from the Call forward state option. Call forward number the telephone number where the call is forwarded. This is used when the subscriber is in one of the Call forward states and if one or several Call forward option is checked; Voice Mail check this option to send voice messages to a specified mail number; Voice Mail State the voice messages are sent only if the subscribers are in one of the next states: Offline, Busy, No Answer and Always; Voice Mail Number the phone number of the voice mail; Voice Mail to Email State check the correspondent box to enable this option; Voice Mail to Email the email address where the voice messages are sent; Call Pickup Group this option assigns the FXS subscriber to a Pickup group; Call Hunting Group this option assigns the FXS user to a Hunting group;
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Call Hunting Priority select the priority of the call hunting option. You can select values from 0 to 10. The 0 has the greatest priority; When you made all the changes from this window press the Modify button to save the new parameters. On this window you will see the Client id option which allows you to open the page with user details, presented below.
Figure 31 FXS user details The User Details window contains the next parameters: Client ID the identification number of the client, from the Soft Switch data base; Class the class where the client belongs. If you press on the name of the class, you will access the main edit window of the respective client class; User type the type of the client; Web User the web user name of the client; Web Password the web password of the client; Web Password [confirm] the field where is inserted the web password for the second time to confirm; E-Mail the e-mail address of the client; Description the FXS client summary description; Web Access the type of access to the web interface. The options are: User, Billing or Disabled; Name the name of the client;
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SoftSwitch SOFT SWITCH CONFIGURATION Address the field where is inserted the address of the client; Additional info other information related to the FXS user. Press the Submit button from the bottom of the window to save the respective properties.
11.5.1.2 Adding a new FXS user

Below the Subscribers page is located the New User button which allows you to add another FXS user to the database.
Figure 32 Add a new FXS user The page contains almost the same parameters as the edit page for the FXS user excepting the Client ID field. In addition the New user page contains the field named Description where you can add details about the respective subscriber.
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11.5.2 ANI Users option

When you access the ANI Users menu on the web administration page the following window will appear:
Figure 33 ANI Users menu The ANI users also known as postpaid clients are identifiable through the calling number. The ANI Users window contains the following options: ID the identification number of the respective ANI User also known as postpaid client; Description a short description of the ANI user; Class the client class where the client belongs; Changed Class the possible client class where the ANI user would be assigned; ANI the identity the phone number of the calling part; Prefix establishes if the ANI user will have or not an assigned prefix valid; CallBack State the state where the ANI user is included. The options for this feature are Inactive or On Call; CallBack the call back phone number; Call To the phone number of the third party. This option allows the Soft Switch to call a second number and to make the connection with the call back number called previously; SMS2eMail the destination e-mail address for the SMS sent from a phone terminal; Action options used for the ANI Users the options are Edit or Delete. If you press the Edit button you will see the following window:
Figure 34 Edit ANI user In this window you can modify the next items related to the respective ANI User:
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SoftSwitch SOFT SWITCH CONFIGURATION Class select the client class for the ANI User (for example ANIuser); Changed Class select an additional class for the ANI client; ANI the phone number of the postpaid client (ANI User); Prefix check this box if you want to use the prefix assigned to the ANI user; CallBack State the state where the ANI user can be. This option contains four states: On Call, On SMS, SMS to EMail and Allow In; CallBack the phone number used to call back. This option is initially disabled but it is enabled if you check the On Call or On SMS options from the CallBack State option; CallTo the phone number of the third party. The option is also enabled by checking the On Call or On SMS options from the CallBack State option; SMS to EMail the e-mail address where the SMS message is sent. This option is activated only if you check the SMS to EMail box from the CallBack State option. By default the three fields from the bottom of the window (CallBack, CallTo and SMS to EMail) are disabled. When you select one of the checkboxes On Call, On SMS or both of them, the CallBack and CallTo fields will be enabled. The SMS to E-Mail field is enabled when you select the SMS to EMail checkbox. If the Allow In box is checked the On Call and On SMS fields are disabled. When you made the changes you must press the Modify button (located at the bottom of the edit window) in order to save the changes. Also, in this edit window, you will see the Client ID button which will open another window containing user details referred to the ANI user such as Client ID, Class, User Type (in our case ANI User), Web User, Web Password and confirmation field, the Email address, a short description of the ANI user, the Web access (containing three options: User, Billing and Disable), the name of the ANI user, the address and an additional info related to the respective user. The Class option allows you to open the edit window for the client class you can see it in the Figure 17 Edit a client class.
11.5.3 Prepaid option

This section contains all the details about the users identified through the PIN code. These users must dial a certain number where they are inserting the PIN code. The Soft Switch verifies that the inserted PIN code is correct and corresponds to the one from its data base. If the PIN code is accepted by the TOPEX Soft Switch, the user can make a call to the destination. The Prepaid Users page is similar to the one below where you can see three recordings of prepaid users:
Figure 35 Prepaid clients menu In Figure 35 you will see the ID number of the prepaid client, a description of him, the client class where he belongs, the language, the identity (ANI), the current credit, Play time, Play Credit and the Action area edit or delete. The currency is set according to the user needs. For example EURO, USD, etc. In order to edit the parameters of the Prepaid clients press the Edit button and the following window will appear on the screen:
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Figure 36 Edit prepaid client In this page you can modify the client class of the Prepaid client, the language, the PIN number, the Current Credit amount and the ANI number. You can also use the Play time and Play Credit options. Press the Modify button to save these changes. If you press the Client ID button the user details window will appear on the screen. In order to add another prepaid user to the data base press the New User located at the bottom of the Prepaid Users main window (Figure 35). The next window will appear on the screen:
Figure 37 Adding new prepaid client to the Soft Switch data base To add a new prepaid client to the data base fill in the following fields: Description brief information about the prepaid client; Class a list which contains the names of the client classes from the Soft Switch data base. From this list you can select the class where the client will be added; Language select the language used for voice prompts. The two options available are English and Romanian; PIN the Personal Identification Number (PIN) for the new prepaid client; Current Credit the value of the clients credit; ANI the identity of the calling party (Automatic Number Identification); Play time select this checkbox in order to activate the Play time feature for prepaid clients. When the prepaid client receives dial tone and dials the destination number he will receive a voice prompt which will tell him how many minutes he has for the respective conversation;
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SoftSwitch SOFT SWITCH CONFIGURATION Play credit select the checkbox in order to activate the Play credit feature for prepaid clients. Before the prepaid client dials the destination number he will receive a prompt with the available credit for calls. When you fill all these fields press the Submit button located at the bottom of the page in order to add the prepaid client into the TOPEX Soft Switch database.
11.5.4 SIP Users option

This menu refers to the ordinary category of clients such as SIP phones or computers. When you click the SIP Users button from the menu bar, the following window will appear:
Figure 38 SIP Users menu In this window you will see a list with all the SIP Users and those properties such as: ID, Description, Class, Username, NAT, RTP Proxy, Transcoding, CLIP, Pickup Group, Hunting Group, Hunting Priority and Action. In the Action area you will see the Edit and Delete buttons. If you press the Delete button the respective SIP User is erased from the Soft Switch database. If you want to edit the features of the SIP User press the Edit button and you will see on the SIP User window. On this window you will see the Client id option which allows you to open the page with user details. In the SIP User main edit page you can modify the next items: Class the client class where the respective SIP user belongs; Username and Password the access password and user name for the SIP User; Display Name the name which will be displayed on destination; NAT if you check this box you will enable the Network Address Translation feature; RTP_Proxy the application used to transport UDP data packets received on a port to another port. The options for this feature are: Not Used, Used, except users in same NAT, Always used; Transcoding if you check this box you will enable this feature; Restrictions contains two options: incoming restrictions for input calls, outgoing restrictions for output calls; CLIP check this box in order to display the calling phone number;
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Figure 39 Edit SIP User properties Call forward enables the activation of forwarding the calls when the user is in one of the Call Forward States; Call forward state this feature contains several states when the call is forwarding: Offline the user is not online, Busy the user is busy, No Answer the user does not answers and Always all the calls received by the respective SIP User are forwarded; Call forward number the phone number where the call is forwarded. This is used when the SIP user is in one of the Call forward states and if the Call forward option is checked; Voice Mail check this option to send voice messages to a specified mail address; Voice Mail State the voice messages are sent only if the SIP User is in one of the next states: Offline, Busy, No Answer and Always; Voice Mail Number the number of the voice mail; Voice Mail to Email State check the correspondent box to enable this option; Voice Mail to Email the email address where the voice messages are sent; Call Pickup Group this option assigns the SIP User to a Pickup group; Call Hunting Group this option assigns the SIP User to a Hunting group; Call Hunting Priority select the priority of the call hunting option. You can select values from 0 to 10. The value 0 has the greatest priority; Forking Group select the forking group where the SIP user is assigned.
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The forking group can be used in two different situations. First you can assign several SIP users to the same forking group. Then when a SIP user is called by a certain source, all the users from the same forking group will be called to. The second case is related to several SIP phones with the same user name and password, but not the same IP address. For instance you have several SIP phones in different locations (home, office) and you use the same user name and password for all of them. If you include the SIP phones in a forking group, then when you call one phone, all the SIP phones from the group will ring. When you made all the changes from this window press the Modify button to save the new parameters. Press the CLI button from the main edit window for the SIP users the following window will appear on the screen:
Figure 40 CLI for SIP users The CLI window contains details about the Caller ID. It represents a telephony intelligent network service that transmits the caller's telephone number and in some places the caller's name to the called party's telephone equipment during the ringing signal or when the call is being set up but before the call is answered. The parameters contained in this window are: Client ID The identification number and the description of the respective user; Username the name of the SIP user; CLI Proxy feature used for calls between SIP users. The field contains a list with all aliases assigned to the respective SIP user. Here you can select the alias which will be displayed on destination for the calls made by the respective SIP user; CLI User Agent featured used for the calls made by SIP users to external locations which are not SIP users which can be PSTN, IP trunks, etc. The alias selected here will be displayed on destination instead the source phone number; CLI Centrex feature used for calls between SIP users from the same Centrex Group. For the calls received from the respective SIP users, the destination will see the alias selected in this field. Note: You can select the Anonymous option for all the parameters described above. Then the destination will not see any identity when it receives a call from these SIP users.
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SoftSwitch SOFT SWITCH CONFIGURATION Press the Aliases button to access the window with respective properties:
Figure 41 Aliases for SIP users Here you can add aliases which will be used for reaching the respective client. The page contains a single field named Alias and the Add button. Insert the alias in the respective field and press the button to add it to the list. Press the Rules button to edit the correspondent call restrictions for the SIP user.
Figure 42 Rules for SIP User You have the Type field with two options Allow and Restrict for the calls of the SIP users. You can restrict or allow phone numbers and prefixes for SIP users. For instance select the Prefix checkbox, insert the prefix 0745 into DNIS field and the 021 prefix in the ANI field. At the end select the Restrict option in the Type field and press the Add button. The record will be added in the list of restrictions for the SIP User. For that restriction all the clients with 021 prefix can not reach the destinations which have the 0745 prefix.
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11.5.5 Web option

When you click on the Web option from the Users menu, on the screen will appear a list with all users from the Soft Switch data base.
Figure 43 Users menu the list of all Soft Switch users The Users window presented in Figure 43 contains details about the users registered to the TOPEX Soft Switch equipment. In this window are set the permissions to modify the parameters from the web based interface. The parameters from this page are described below: ID the identification number of the respective client; Description a suggestive description of the user; Class the name of the class where the client belongs; Type the type of the client registered to the Soft Switch; Web contains two fields: Access shows the access availability from the web; User the user name for the web access of the client.
Actions a field with three buttons: Properties opens the properties window for the respective client; Edit you can edit the parameters of the client; Delete erase the client from the Soft Switch data base.
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11.6
Billing menu
The Billing section of the web based administration interface contains details about parameters related to the calls made through the TOPEX Soft Switch equipment.
Figure 44 Billing menu options The Billing menu contains two submenus: Call List option which allows you to see all the calls made through the TOPEX Soft Switch equipment and the Invoice option which allows the invoice generation for each client registered to the administration and configuration web based interface.
11.6.1 Call List option

This option show all the calls made through the Soft Switch equipment. Every call from the list is attend by several parameters which can be displayed on the main screen according to your choices. By default the main page of the billing menu is similar to the one below:
Figure 45 Billing page At the top of the Billing main page you will see the section named Filters which contains several fields described below.
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SoftSwitch SOFT SWITCH CONFIGURATION This section contains three lists where you must insert the time period when the calls made through the Soft Switch are displayed. These buttons have the following significance: the first list indicates the month and the year in the format yyyy-mm; the second list labeled From shows the start period the number of day; the third list labeled To shows the end day of the period.
For example if you select then on the display section you will see all the calls made on 13 March 2007 and the selected parameters.
11.6.1.1 Fields button

On the right side of the window are located two button labeled Fields and Filters which contains parameters and filters for the call statistics. The component of these fields is displayed when you browse with the mouse over the respective buttons. The Fields button contains all the parameters which can be displayed on the calls statistics.
Figure 46 Billing menu Fields button The parameters contained in the Fields section are: Type the type of the call source it can be a local subscriber (the TLI option) or a junction (the TJI option); Source Port the physical position of the source port;
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SoftSwitch Caller the phone number of the calling party; Destination the phone number of the called party; Date the current date of the call the format is yyyy-mm-dd;
Time the start time for a call the format is hh:mm:ss. The current time is the time set on the TOPEX Soft Switch; Duration the duration of a certain call expressed in seconds; Units the units used to express the call cost; SIM the SIM number from the GSM Gateway; Destination port physical position of the destination port; Release the finalization call mode. It contains several options which occurred when a call is ended. The possible options are: ACONG, AINEX, AOK, ARELS, ATOUT, BBUSY, BCONG, BOK and BRELS; Release q_850 the disconnection cause according to the ITU-T Q.850 standard specification. The TOPEX Soft Switch displays a number between 1 and 128, each of them corresponding to a special disconnection cause. For instance: - 3 No route to destination - This cause indicates that the called party cannot be reached because the network through which the call has been routed does not serve the destination desired. This cause is supported on a network-dependent basis. - 21 Call rejected This cause indicates that the equipment sending this cause does not wish to accept this call, although it could have accepted the call because the equipment sending this cause is neither busy or incompatible. This cause may also be generated by the network, indicating that the call was cleared due to a supplementary service constraint. The diagnostic field may contain additional information about the supplementary service and reason for rejection. - 111 Protocol error unspecified This cause is used to report a protocol error event only when no other cause in the protocol error class applies. CIMI a 15 digits code referred to the used SIM card for the respective call; Selection the time interval (in seconds) elapsed between the arrival of the call in the Soft Switch and the called party response; GSM Cell it represents the cell of the mobile network where the SIM used to make the call was registered. This is available for a call routed through a GSM port; Source Direction the direction to which the source port is belonging - it is the input direction; Dest. direction the name of the output direction; Sig. Source IP IP address of the source terminal; Sig. Source Port the port number of the source terminal; RTP Source IP the RTP IP address of the source part; RTP Source Port the RTP port number corresponding to source part; Sig. Dest IP the IP address of the destination; Sig. Dest Port physical position of the destination port; RTP Dest IP the destination IP address for the RTP; RTP Dest Port the number of RTP port for the destination; Packet Loss the number of lost packets during the respective session; Jitter it represents an abrupt and unwanted variation of one or more signal characteristics, such as the interval between successive pulses, the amplitude of successive cycles, or the frequency or phase of successive cycles. Jitter is a significant factor in the design of almost all communications lines. The jitter value must be 0 in order to assure an appropriate conversation; Session ID the identification code for every session it is an 8 characters parameters;
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SoftSwitch Client ID the identification number of the respective client.
After you select (check the correspondent box) the parameters you want to use from the list detailed above, you just press the Show / Filter button located on the left side of the Filters window.
11.6.1.2 Filters button

When you browse over the Filters button a similar menu with the one below will appear on the screen. The Filters menu contains the call parameters selected before. Initially all these parameters are disabled.
Figure 47 Billing menu Filters button To activate the fields included in this menu you must select the checkbox which corresponds to the respective parameter. The initial parameters which are displayed in this area are: Type the type of the call source it can be a local subscriber (the TLI option) or a junction (the TJI option). On the Type option you will see a checkbox and gray color box. If you select the checkbox, the adjacent field will be enabled. Here you can insert one of the two options for the Type parameter: TLI or TJI. For example if you insert the TLI option and if you press the Show / Filter button, then will be displayed only the calls achieved by the local subscribers. Caller the phone number of the calling party. You can choose to view only the calls made by a single client. In order to achieve that, insert in the field the phone number you want and press the Show / Filter button. On the screen you will see only the calls made by a certain client. Destination the phone number of the called party. You can choose to view only the calls received by a certain client. In order to achieve that, insert in the field the phone number you want and press the Show / Filter button. On the screen you will see all the calls received by a certain user. Time the start time for a call the format is hh:mm:ss. The current time is the time set on the TOPEX Soft Switch. You can select a certain time interval to view all the calls achieved during that period. For example if you insert in the two fields below the Time parameter the values 13:00:00 13:50:00 then you will see all the calls achieved during this period. Duration the duration of a certain call expressed in seconds. You can choose to view all the calls which have a minimum duration. Just insert the minimum duration in the first field of the Duration parameter. For example if you insert the 100 value, then will be displayed all the calls which have a minimum duration of 100 seconds. If you want to see all the calls with a duration included in a certain interval, just fill the two fields and press the Show / Filter button.
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SoftSwitch SOFT SWITCH CONFIGURATION For instance if you insert the values 30 - 60, then will be displayed all the calls which have the duration contained in this interval. If you enter a wrong value for the Duration such as 30.5 you will receive an error similar to the one presented in Figure 48.
Figure 48 Duration error Release the finalization call mode. It contains several options which occurred when a call is ended. The possible options are: ACONG, AINEX, AOK, ARELS, ATOUT, BBUSY, BCONG, BOK and BRELS. The message indicates the mode of ending the call. The first character of every message indicates which call party released the call: A = caller party or B = called party. The next characters are keywords detailing how the call was ended: CONG indicates congestion from the equipment point of view no available resources; INEX the calling party does not exist from the equipment point of view. There are no defined routes; OK indicates an answer response from the destination part; RELS release in other situation then ring-back tone or busy; TOUT time out shows timer expiration; BUSY indicates a release on a busy situation. If you want to see only the calls released on the same cause then select the wanted message and press the Show / Filter button. For instance if you select the BBUSY option will be displayed only the calls where the destination was busy and could not answer.
An example of more complex filter is the one from the adjacent image. In this case, if you press the Show / Filter button, on the screen will be displayed only the local calls (TLI option) from the user with the phone number 311 to the user with 312, between 13:00 and 13:50 hours, which last at least 3 seconds and maximum 100, and the destination party finished the call.
11.6.1.3 Calls details

In the Call List menu, below the Filters section you will see the main section of the page where are included all the calls and the correspondent parameters. These parameters will be displayed for the calls made and receive in the time period indicated through the three buttons located near the Show / Filter button.
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Figure 49 Displayed calls On the title bar of the page are located several buttons which allow you to access a certain statistic page. The current page is indicated through its number which is bold and has a larger font than the other pages. After the page numbers you will notice two buttons with the following significance: the > button allows you to access the next page after the current one and the >> button allows you to access the last page from the statistic list. On this section will be displayed only the parameters which are selected from the Fields menu. In the example above the parameters shows the call type (type), the source phone number (Caller), the destination phone number (Destination), the hour of the call initiation (Time), the call duration (Duration) and the release cause of the call (Release). At the bottom of the page you will see a statistic which contains the total number of calls and the total duration (expressed in seconds) for the selected time period as you can see in the image below:
11.6.2 Invoice option

This option included in the Billing menu of the administration web based interface allows the generation of the invoice for the calls made by the TOPEX Soft Switch registered clients. The files generated are in the pdf format and the file name is in the %08d format. It means that every generated file will have the name composed by client ID and a number of zeros, thus the Client ID parameter to have 8 digits. The client ID is taken from the TOPEX Soft Switch data base and it is inserted at the end of the text file name. For example if the client ID is 42, the name of the file attached to the bill will be 00000042 = 6*zeros + client ID. This type of file is generated for each client on every month. The date when the bill is generated is by default the first day of the month. It can be modify from the software. When you access the Invoice option a window similar to the one below will appear on the screen:
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Figure 50 Invoices list The window contains all the invoices generated for the TOPEX Soft Switch clients during a specific period (software modifiable). The parameters included in the Invoice window are: No. the recording number; Date the invoice generation date in the format yyyy-mm-dd; Due the due date which represents the limit date when the invoice can be paid; Interval the time range when the client was billed. It has two options Start and End representing the time when the client monitoring starts and the time when it ends. Usually this period is about one month, but it can be changed according to the client requirements; Client ID an 8 digits identification number related to the registered client. It is composed from a number of zeros and the client ID from the Soft Switch database; Description a summary description of the registered user, for instance the client name; Status it represents the field where is indicated the status of the respective invoice. The possible options are Inspect, Ready or Collecting Data. Action contains the View button which allows you to display the invoice in the pdf format. When the operation is not available or the pdf file is not reached the next error message will appear on the screen:
Figure 51 Invoice download error
11.6.2.1 Invoice download

Press the View button related to a certain subscriber and on the screen will appear a window similar with the one below:
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Figure 52 View invoice option The Invoice Generator window presented in Figure 52 contains two different fields. The upper one is related to the subscriber for which the invoice will be generated. This section contains details of the subscriber such as the client ID, the name, address, the invoice code, the time period from which the invoice was generated, the due date until when the user can pay the bill or the measurement unit value for a call. The bottom section contains the list of telephone service used by the subscriber. In this section are described the item number, name, the measurement unit, the number of these units, the price for a unit and the value calculated by the multiplication of the quantity and price fields. At the end of the list is calculated the total value of the invoice for all telephone services used by the respective subscriber. At the bottom of the page are located two buttons with the following significance: Generate >> - generates the invoice in the pdf format on the TOPEX Soft Switch equipment; Download >> - downloads the invoice on the computer. The invoice downloaded from the Soft Switch has a similar structure to the one below:
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Figure 53 Generated invoice model The generated invoice contains: On the left top corner of the file you will see the TOPEX logo; Below the logo you will see the company identification data: the name (S.C. TOPEX S.A.) and the address (Str. Feleacu, 10);
Note: These two fields are configurable according to the clients identification data. On the right top corner are presented details related to the client which correspond to the respective bill. Thus you will see the parameters: Client ID (for instance 00000042) which is the same with the one from the data base; Type (for instance SIP User) which is the client type from the Client Classes; Number (for instance 343) which is the phone number of the client; Name the user name from the data base; Address the client address (identification data). Below the fields with TOPEX name and address you will see the following four parameters: Date the date when the bill was generated. The parameter format is yyyy-mm-dd. Usually this date is represented by the first day of the month but it is configurable; Due Date the limit date until the client can pay the bill which was generated at the date indicated by the Date field. The format is yyyy-mm-dd; Period the time period on which the bill appendix is generated. It contains the start day and the end day of the billed period in the format yyyy-mm-dd. In the above example the period contains a single day. Usually the bill will be generated for a month period; Unit the price value for a measurement unit. The calls will be expressed in this unit. The calls value will be obtained from the multiplication of the number of units and the unit value.
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SoftSwitch SOFT SWITCH CONFIGURATION Then you will see a small table which contains the telephone services used by the subscriber with the additional parameters: No. the order number of the telephone service; Services the services name used by the customer; U.M. the measurement unit for expressing the calls; Qty the number of measurement units for the respective service; Price the price assigned for a single unit; Value the value of calls for a certain service calculated through the multiplication of the Qty and Price fields;
On the last row of the table you will notice the total amount for the calls achieved by the respective subscriber. At the bottom of the page it is a more detailed table which contains the following parameters: On the first line it is the time period when the client was billed. This is indicated by the Calls between parameter which contains the start and the end date of the respective period; Date / Time date and time for every call made by the respective client; Duration the duration of every call in the format hh:mm:ss; Cost the cost for each call made by a certain user; Number the destination number called by the client; Direction direction name which corresponds to the destination. It represents the name of the direction from the TOPEX Soft Switch data base;
On the last line of the table you will notice an overall statistic which contains the total duration of all the calls made by a client and the total cost for all the calls.
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11.6.2.2 New invoice generation

To generate a new invoice for a Soft Switch client followed the four steps presented below: a. Press the New Invoice button located at the bottom of the Invoices window. The Invoice Generator window will appear on the screen:
Figure 54 Setting parameters for a new invoice The Invoice Generator window contains the following parameters: User the list with all users registered to the TOPEX Soft Switch equipment; Start the start date of the invoice in the format yyyy-mm-dd; End the end date of the invoice for the respective client; Due Date the date until the client can pay the bill for the invoice generated; b. Fill in all these fields and press the Submit button located at the bottom of the Invoice Generator page. Note: When you enter a wrong value of the date or a wrong format of that, on the screen will appear an error message similar to the one below:
Figure 55 Wrong date error
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SoftSwitch SOFT SWITCH CONFIGURATION On the screen will appear another window similar to the one below which contains the directions defined in the Billing section of the users menus.
Figure 56 New invoice generation The window contains in the upper part details about the client registered to the database and on the bottom part the list of all telephone services used by the respective client. The list is generated according to data acquired from the database. Below this list is located a field where you can enter additional information such as the subscription information. This additional field contains four sections where you can enter the description of the service, the measurement unit, the quantity of measurement units and the price for a measurement unit. Press the Add button to attach this information to the telephone services. c. Press the Generate>> button located at the bottom of the window and the invoice will be generated. On the screen will appear the window from Figure 52 View invoice option. d. Press the Download>> button in order to download the invoice for a certain Soft Switch registered subscriber. On the screen will appear the pdf file which contains the detailed invoice. Note: The format of the detailed invoice can be software modified according to the client requirements!
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11.7
Statistics menu
The Statistics menu includes two options Last Hour and Custom. The first one shows the details about all the calls made through the Soft Switch equipment during the last hour and the second one allows you to display the statistics only for the selected time period and client classes.
Figure 57 Statistics menu options
11.7.1 Last Hour option

When you press the Last Hour option from the Statistics a window similar to the one below will appear on the screen:
Figure 58 Last Hour option On the top of the window you will see the title On-demand Statistics for the Last Hour and below this the time period in the format yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss - - yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss. The window has three main sections: Class here are included all client classes from the TOPEX Soft Switch database; In details about the input calls from the Soft Switch; Out details about the output calls from the Soft Switch. The In and Out sections contains the same parameters described below: Minutes the number of minutes for the client class; Total the number of calls made for the respective class; Success the number of successful calls for a class of clients; ASR the Answer Seizure Ratio parameter - the number of successfully answered calls divided by the total number of calls attempted (seizures); ACD the Average Call Duration parameter - the duration average for all the calls achieved by a class of clients; NER the Network Efficiency Ratio parameter it represents one of the simplest and most useful traffic management analyses. It is calculated as the rapport between the volumes of non-failure release causes and the volumes of total release causes;
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SoftSwitch SOFT SWITCH CONFIGURATION ABNSR the Answer Bid Ratio parameter the ratio between the successful bid calls volume and the total number of bids volume; CFR the Call Failure Ratio parameter shows the percentage of successful reception confirmation for the calls related to a specified client class. It represents the ratio between the volumes of release cause failure and the volume of total release causes. Note: The CFR parameter is calculated from the formula CFR = 100 ABNSR. parameters ASR, ACD, NER, ABNSR and CFR are measured in percents. The network
The last row of the table, labeled Total will display the total statistic for all client classes from the TOPEX Soft Switch database.
11.7.2 Custom option

This is a custom statistic option which allows you to view the statistics during a specified time period and only for certain client classes. Press the Custom button and the next page will appear on the screen:
Figure 59 Custom Statistics page At the top of the Custom Statistics window are located two fields (labeled Start and End) which include the limits of the period for which the statistics are displayed. The date format is yyyy-mmdd. Below is located the Monitored Classes section which contains a list with all client classes from the TOPEX Soft Switch equipment. You can select only certain client classes and pres the Submit button from the bottom of the window. On the screen will appear statistics page which contains call details for the respective classes only for the selected time period.
11.8
Logout option
If you press the Logout button you will exit from the TOPEX Soft Switch web administration interface.
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11.9
Ethernet and serial connection
The TOPEX Soft Switch equipment can be accessed through an Ethernet connection from a remote PC. The connection is made through SSH from Linux or using an application which performs SSH under another operating system (for instance Putty). In Linux enter the following command to access the TOPEX Soft Switch equipment: ssh tpxadm@<IP address of TOPEX Soft Switch> When you use Putty make the settings according to the Figure 60.
Figure 60 Ethernet connection through Putty In the Putty main window check the SSH option, insert the IP address of TOPEX Soft Switch, insert the number of port 2212 and press the Open button in order to access the TOPEX Soft Switch structure. The authentication data required for the login are: SSH port 2212; User name tpxadm; Password u53rp455.
The direct connection as root is not allowed. You must enter to the prompt the su - command after you are logged in, and insert the 5y5t3mp455 password. The firewall is open by default. For the serial connection use a serial cable which is inserted in the DB9 connector from the back panel of the TOPEX Soft Switch enclosure and in the serial connector from a PC. Use the HyperTerminal from Windows with parameters 115.200, 8, N, 1 in order to establish a serial communication with the TOPEX Soft Switch.
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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
12
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
TOPEX Soft Switch
19 cabinet rack metallic case with 2U height Gentoo Linux 2006 PC connects the calls between different telecommunication operators new switching solution running on a hardware platform a computer improves and replaces the switching function of the C.O. (Central Office) 2 x PS/2 connectors for the mouse and keyboard connections DB 27 female connector for the printer connection DB 15 female connector for the PC monitor connector DB 9 male connector RJ 45 connector for the local area network connection 4 x USB A connectors (grouped by 2 in the left and right parts of the electric circuit connectors panel) 3 special connectors for the headphones, speakers and microphone (located on the right extremity of the electric circuit connectors panel) Yellow LED (labeled with the of the equipment Orange LED (labeled with the disk activity symbol) indicates the power up
Features
Wired interfaces
Status indicators
symbol) indicates the hard
2 incorporated LEDs for the Ethernet connector from the back panel of the equipment: the orange LED indicates the connection of the Ethernet interface the green LED indicates the activity of the Ethernet interface 230 VA.C. / 50Hz Temperature range for: operation: 50.... 500 C storage: 00.... 600 C Humidity from 10 to 85 % non-condensing
Power supply voltage Environment conditions
Weight
maximum 15 kg
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OPERATING CONDITIONS
13
OPERATING CONDITIONS
In order to assure proper operation of the TOPEX Soft Switch equipment you must regard the environment and security conditions.
13.1
Environment conditions
You must assure the appropriate environment conditions for the equipment. For that you must: Not use the equipment in flammable or explosive environments or in locations where toxic or flammable gases may be accumulated; Not use it in an environment with high level of EMI (electromagnetic interference), near copiers, PC monitors, TV sets or other audio-video appliances or high power equipment such as electric motors or heaters; Operating temperature range: from 5 to 50 C; Relative humidity: from 10 to 85 %, non-condensing.
0
13.2
Security conditions
To assure the proper security conditions for the TOPEX Soft Switch equipment, you must: Find an adequate location (enough free space around the equipment for the proper ventilation); Provide a reliable Internet connection; Avoid dust and prolonged exposure to sun radiations; Handle with care the equipment to avoid mechanical shocks; Do not power supply the equipment from a supply voltage other than the voltage in the Technical Specifications table; Assure that the wall outlet where you power supply the equipment operates properly and it has no defects.
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GLOSSARY
14
GLOSSARY
ACD Acronym for Average Call Duration the average of duration for all the calls made by a subscriber. It is expressed in minutes. ANI Acronym for Automatic Number Identification - a feature of telephony intelligent network services which allows subscribers to display or capture the telephone numbers of calling parties. The service is often provided by sending the digital tone multi frequency (DTMF) tones along with the call. Home users of ANI can screen callers. ANI is commonly used by emergency center dispatchers to save the caller having to report the information and, when necessary, to help locate callers. A telephone company's 9-1-1 service to a public safety point usually includes the ANI feature. For instance, in a call center, ANI displays the number of the calling party to the call center agent in real time. Among other things, the call center can use the information to forward calls to different people for different geographic areas. ASR Acronym for Answer Seizure Ratio it is calculated by taking the number of successfully answered calls and dividing by the total number of calls attempted (seizures). Since busy signals and other rejections by the called number count as call failures, the calculated ASR value can vary depending on user behavior. ATM Acronym for Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) - is a cell relay, network and data link layer protocol which encodes data traffic into small (53 bytes; 48 bytes of data and 5 bytes of header information) fixed-sized cells. This is instead of variable sized packets (sometimes known as frames) as in packet switched network (such as the Internet Protocol or Ethernet). ATM is a connection oriented technology, in which a connection is established between the two endpoints before the actual data exchange begins. CO Acronym for Central Office a part of the telephone network in your area. It is a building in which the phone lines in your home or office terminate and connect to a much larger switching system. In large metropolitan areas, COs are more appropriately LOs (local offices), because they serve a local area. The term "CO" is from the early days of the telephone system when the local telephone company really did have only one central office in each area. The telephone cable from the CO to your home or office is called the local loop and is, in most cases, the last remaining part of the telephone network that uses analog voice signaling over copper cables. The maximum distance of a CO-to-home/office cable is about 5 kilometers. A CO in a metropolitan area may provide service to over 100,000 local loops. CLIP Acronym for Calling Line Identification Presentation - is a supplementary service used to show the number of a caller. When a call is initiated, the callers MSC provides the destination MSC with the callers identity. The destination MSC then checks to see if the phone being called has subscribed to CLIP. If it has, then the callers identity is presented. CLIP couples with CLIR (Calling Line Identification Restriction) to provide an advanced version of caller line identification in GSM networks. DNIS Acronym for Dialed Number Identification Service - a telephone service that identifies for the receiver of a call the number that the caller dialed. DNIS works by passing the touch tone digits (dual tone multi frequency or MF digits) to the destination where a special facility can read and display them or make them available for call center programming. For example, a company may have a different toll free number for each product line it sells. If a call center is handling calls for multiple product lines, the switch that receives the call can examine the DNIS, and then play the appropriate recorded greeting. Another example of multiple toll free numbers might be used for multi-lingual identification. A dedicated toll free number might be set up for Spanish speaking customers.
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SoftSwitch GLOSSARY E1 - European format for digital transmissions, equivalent with North-American T1. E1 has a data rate of 2,048 Mbps, containing 32 channels with 64 Kbps on each of them, and includes two reserved channels for signaling and control. The North-American T1 standard has 24 channels with 64 Kbps obtaining a data rate of 1,544 Mbps. The E1 and T1 line can be interconnected for international use. FXS Acronym for Foreign Exchange Station - a telephone interface which provides battery power, sends dial tone, and generates ringing voltage. A standard telephone plugs into such an interface to receive telephone service. A telephone exchange is an example of an FXS. FXS is any device that, from the point of view of a telephone, seems to be a telephone exchange. As such, it should be able to supply power to the connected telephone, provide ring signals and dial tone, understand when phone goes on-hook or off-hook, and send and receive voice signals. H.323 - An umbrella recommendation from the ITU-T that defines the protocols to provide audio-visual communication sessions on any packet network. It is currently implemented by various Internet realtime applications such as NetMeeting and Ekiga (the latter using the OpenH323 implementation). It is a part of the H.32x series of protocols which also address communications over ISDN, PSTN or SS7. H.323 is commonly used in Voice over IP (VoIP, Internet Telephony, or IP Telephony) and IP-based videoconferencing. H.323 was originally created to provide a mechanism for transporting multimedia applications over LANs but it has rapidly evolved to address the growing needs of VoIP networks. One strength of H.323 was the relatively early availability of a set of standards, not only defining the basic call model, but in addition the supplementary services, needed to address business communication expectations. H.323 was the first VoIP standard to adopt the IETF standard RTP to transport audio and video over IP networks. INAP - Acronym for Intelligent Network Application Part - is a signaling part used in the intelligent network architecture. It is part of the SS7 protocol suite, typically layered on top of TCAP (Transaction Capabilities Application Part). INAP is a signaling protocol between a service switching point (SSP), network media resources (intelligent peripherals), and a centralized network database called a service control point (SCP). The SCP consists of operator or 3rd party derived service logic programs and data. Through INAP, operators have gained independence from the software features offered by switch vendors. IP - Acronym for Internet Protocol. It is the protocol from TCP/IP that directs the way data is sent from one computer to another on the Internet. The messages are divided into data packets, routed from the sender network to the receiver network and there re-assembled in the right order to re-create the original message. Because a message is divided into a number of packets, each packet can, if necessary, be sent by a different route across the Internet. These data packets can arrive in a different order than the order they were sent in. The Internet Protocol just delivers them. It's up to TCP protocol (Transmission Control Protocol) to put the packets back in the right order. Note that IP is a connectionless protocol. IP corresponds to the layer 3, the Networking Layer from the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) communication model. IP Address - Acronym for Internet Protocol Address. The numerical address of a network device or resource as expressed in the format specified in the Internet Protocol (IP). In the current addressing format, IP version 4, the IP address is a 32-bit (4 bytes) sequence divided into four groups of decimal numbers separated by periods ("dots"). Each number can be zero to 255. These four groups of numbers look like 127.0.0.1 or 213.154.120.170. The four numbers in an IP address are used in different ways to identify a particular network and a host on that network. ISDN - Acronym for Integrated Services Digital Network. Worldwide digital network providing highspeed connection between the terminal devices (telephone, fax machines, computers) for a wide range of telecommunication services, using the existing telephony infrastructure.
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SoftSwitch
GLOSSARY
ISUP - Acronym for ISDN User Part - is part of the Signaling System #7 which is used to set up telephone calls in Public Switched Telephone Networks. When a telephone call is set up from one subscriber to another, many telephone exchanges will be involved, possibly across international boundaries. To allow the call to be set up correctly, the switches signal call-related information like called or calling party number to the next switch in the network using ISUP messages. LCR Acronym for Least Cost Routing - Refers to the method for delivering calls according to the lowest cost carrier. Often more than 1 carrier can compete to deliver a call and depending on their relative charges, the LCR Switch (which contains a database of our carriers, destinations and charges) will connect the call via the cheapest carrier. This process means searching for the optimum traffic routes via one or several traffic routings enabling a cost reduction. MGCP Acronym for Media Gateway Control Protocol also known as H.248 and Megaco, is a standard protocol for handling the signaling and session management needed during a multimedia conference. The protocol defines a means of communication between a media gateway, which converts data from the format required for a circuit-switched network to that required for a packetswitched network and the media gateway controller. MGCP can be used to set up, maintain, and terminate calls between multiple endpoints. Megaco and H.248 refer to an enhanced version of MGCP. MPLS Acronym for MultiProtocol Label Switching - is a data-carrying mechanism which emulates some properties of a circuit-switched network over a packet-switched network. MPLS operates at an OSI Model layer that is generally considered to lie between traditional definitions of Layer 2 (data link layer) and Layer 3 (network layer), and thus is often referred to as a "Layer 2.5" protocol. It was designed to provide a unified data-carrying service for both circuit-based clients and packet-switching clients which provide a datagram service model. It can be used to carry many different kinds of traffic, including IP packets, as well as native ATM, SONET, and Ethernet frames. NAT Acronym for Network Address Translation also known as network masquerading, native address translation or IP-masquerading) involves re-writing the source and / or destination address of IP packets as they pass through a router or firewall. Most systems using NAT do so in order to enable multiple hosts on a private network to access the Internet using a single public IP address. According to specifications, routers should not act in this way, but many network administrators find NAT a convenient technique and use it widely. Nonetheless, NAT can introduce complications in communication between hosts. NMS Acronym for Network Management Systems is a combination of hardware and software used to monitor and administer a network. Individual network elements (NEs) in a network are managed by element management systems. PIN Acronym for Personal Identification Number - A secret shared between a user and a system that can be used to authenticate the user to the system. Typically, the user is required to provide a nonconfidential user identifier or token (such as a banking card) and a confidential PIN to gain access to the system. Upon receiving the User ID and PIN, the system looks up the PIN based upon the User ID and compares the looked-up PIN with the received PIN. If they match, then the user is granted access. If they do not match, then the user is not granted access. PLMN Acronym for Public Land Mobile Network - is a network that is established and operated by an administration or by a recognized operating agency (ROA) for the specific purpose of providing land mobile telecommunications services to the public. Access to PLMN services is achieved by means of an air interface involving radio communications between mobile phones or other wireless enabled user equipment and land based radio transmitters or radio base stations. PLMNs interconnect with other PLMNs and PSTNs for telephone communications or with internet service providers for data and internet access.
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SoftSwitch
GLOSSARY
PSTN - Acronym for Public Switched Telephone Network (s). This is the classic international fixed telephony system based on copper wires that carry voice and data. Analog (mostly) or digital technology is used to provide voice grade services for the users that access that network via an analog interface. RADIUS - Acronym for Remote Authentication Dial In User Service - is an AAA (authentication, authorization and accounting) protocol for applications such as network access or IP mobility. It is intended to work in both local and roaming situations. Additionally RADIUS is widely used by VoIP service providers. It is used to pass login credentials of a SIP end point (like a broadband phone) to a SIP Registrar using digest authentication, and then to RADIUS server using RADIUS. Sometimes it is also used to collect call detail records (CDRs) later used, for instance, to bill customers for international long distance. RSVP - Acronym for Resource ReSerVation Protocol - is a network layer protocol designed to reserve resources across a network for an integrated services Internet. RSVP does not transport application data but is rather an Internet control protocol, like ICMP, IGMP, or routing protocols. RSVP can be used by either hosts or routers to request or deliver specific levels of quality of service (QoS) for application data streams or flows. RSVP defines how applications place reservations and how they can relinquish the reserved resources once the need for them has ended. RSVP is not itself a routing protocol and was designed to interoperate with current and future routing protocols. RTP Acronym for Real Time Transport Protocol - defines a standardized packet format for delivering audio and video over the Internet. It was developed by the Audio-Video Transport Working Group of the IETF and first published in 1996 as RFC 1989 which was made obsolete in 2003 by RFC 3550. RTP does not have a standard TCP or UDP port on which it communicates. The only standard that it obeys is that UDP communications are done via an even port and the next higher odd port is used for RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) communications. SCP Acronym for Secure Copy SCP is a means of securely transferring computer files between a local and a remote host or between two remote hosts, using the Secure Shell (SSH) protocol. SCTP - Acronym for Stream Control Transmission Protocol - is a transport layer protocol defined by the IETF Signaling Transport (SIGTRAN) working group. As a transport protocol, SCTP operates analogously to TCP or UDP. Indeed it provides some similar services as TCP ensuring reliable, insequence transport of messages with congestion control. (In the absence of native SCTP support, it may sometimes be desirable to tunnel SCTP over UDP). SIP Acronym for Session Initiation Protocol - a protocol proposed standard for initiating, modifying, and terminating an interactive user session that involves multimedia elements such as video, voice, instant messaging, online games, and virtual reality. It is one of the leading signaling protocols for Voice over IP, along with H.323. SIP clients traditionally use TCP and UDP port 5060 to connect to SIP servers and other SIP endpoints. SIP is primarily used in setting up and tearing down voice or video calls. However, it can be used in any application where session initiation is a requirement. These include Event Subscription and Notification, Terminal mobility and so on. There are a large number of SIP-related RFCs that define behavior for such applications. All voice/video communications are done over separate transport protocols, typically RTP. SMS Acronym for Short Message Service - means the transmission of short text messages to and from cellular phones. The messages must be text only (no images or graphics) and not longer than 160 alpha-numeric characters. Operators of Mobile Phone Networks use a spare data channel to send SMS messages. You may send SMS messages to another mobile subscriber, the mobile operator can send you phone settings over-the-air or commercial companies may send dedicated content to your mobile terminal. SNMP - Acronym for Simple Network Management Protocol forms part of the internet protocol suite. SNMP is used by network management systems to monitor network-attached devices for conditions that warrant administrative attention. It consists of a set of standards for network management, including an Application Layer protocol, a database schema, and a set of data objects.
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SoftSwitch GLOSSARY SS7 - Acronym for Signaling System 7 - is a global standard for telecommunications defined by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T). The standard defines the procedures and protocol by which network elements in the public switched telephone network (PSTN) exchange information over a digital signaling network to effect wireless (cellular) and wire line call setup, routing and control. The ITU definition of SS7 allows for national variants such as the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and Bell Communications Research (Telcordia Technologies) standards used in North America and the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) standard used in Europe. It is architecture for performing out-of-band signaling in support of the call-establishment, billing, routing, and information-exchange functions of the public switched telephone network (PSTN). It identifies functions to be performed by a signaling-system network and a protocol to enable their performance. TDM Acronym for Time Division Multiplexing - is a type of digital multiplexing in which two or more apparently simultaneous channels are derived from a given frequency spectrum by interleaving pulses representing bits from different channels. In some TDM systems, successive pulses represent bits from successive channels. In other systems different channels take turns using the channels for a group of successive pulse-times (a so-called "time slot"), voice channels in E1/T1 systems. What distinguishes coarse time-division multiplexing from packet switching is that the time-slots are pre-allocated to the channels, rather than arbitrated on a pertime slot basis. TUP - Acronym for Telephone User Part. It carries the telephone user messages on the signalling data link by means of signal units. The signaling information of each message constitutes the signaling information field of the corresponding signal unit and consists of an integral number of octets. It basically contains the label, the heading code and one or more signals and/or indications. VoIP - Acronym for Voice over IP. It describes the hardware or software category which allows humans to make phone calls over the Internet. The voice signals are converted in data packets and these are sent on the public telephonic lines, avoiding the costs of the PSTN network. The VoIP applications can be used with a regular microphone and computer speakers, but also can be used IP phones or VoIP speakers, providing an identical experience like the regular telephony. In the last time, the quality and the reliability of the VoIP technology improved so much that many users renounced completely at the standard telephony contracts for VoIP technology. VPN Acronym for Virtual Private Network is a private communications network often used within a company, or by several companies or organizations, to communicate confidentially over a non-private network. VPN traffic can be carried over a public networking infrastructure (e.g. the Internet) on top of standard protocols, or over a service provider's private network with a defined Service Level Agreement (SLA) between the VPN customer and the VPN service provider.
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SoftSwitch
GLOSSARY
INDEX OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Next Generation Network based on the Soft Switch Technology ............................... 11 Figure 2 Software system of TOPEX Soft Switch control equipment ........................................ 13 Figure 3 TOPEX Soft Switch general view ........................................................................... 15 Figure 4 TOPEX Soft Switch - Front panel .............................................................................. 16 Figure 5 TOPEX Soft Switch Back panel.............................................................................. 16 Figure 6 Typical application of protocols ................................................................................. 31 Figure 7 Database interconnection ......................................................................................... 32 Figure 8 Authentication to TOPEX Soft Switch administration page......................................... 42 Figure 9 Welcome screen ....................................................................................................... 42 Figure 10 Incorrect authentication ........................................................................................... 43 Figure 11 The menu bar ......................................................................................................... 43 Figure 12 Server menu options ............................................................................................... 44 Figure 13 Server settings........................................................................................................ 44 Figure 14 Client Classes description ....................................................................................... 45 Figure 15 Edit a client class .................................................................................................... 46 Figure 16 Client classes - Alerts ............................................................................................. 47 Figure 17 Client Classes Rules ............................................................................................ 48 Figure 18 Client classes Billing ............................................................................................ 49 Figure 19 Add new client class ............................................................................................... 50 Figure 20 Adding a Centrex Group ......................................................................................... 51 Figure 21 View the Centrex Groups ........................................................................................ 52 Figure 22 SIP Locations menu ................................................................................................ 52 Figure 23 SIP Location Details................................................................................................ 53 Figure 24 SIP User Alias ........................................................................................................ 54 Figure 25 About option from the Server menu....................................................................... 54 Figure 26 Users submenus ..................................................................................................... 55 Figure 27 Subscribers menu ................................................................................................... 55 Figure 28 Edit FXS subscriber ................................................................................................ 56 Figure 29 FXS user details ..................................................................................................... 57 Figure 30 Add a new FXS user ............................................................................................... 58 Figure 31 ANI Users menu ..................................................................................................... 59 Figure 32 Edit ANI user .......................................................................................................... 59 Figure 33 Prepaid clients menu .............................................................................................. 60 Figure 34 Edit prepaid client ................................................................................................... 61 Figure 35 Adding new prepaid client to the Soft Switch data base ........................................... 61 Figure 36 SIP Users menu...................................................................................................... 62 Figure 37 Edit SIP User properties.......................................................................................... 63 Figure 38 CLI for SIP users .................................................................................................... 64 Figure 39 Aliases for SIP users............................................................................................... 65 Figure 40 Rules for SIP User .................................................................................................. 65 Figure 41 Users menu the list of all Soft Switch users .......................................................... 66 Figure 42 Billing menu options ............................................................................................. 67 Figure 43 Billing page ............................................................................................................. 67 Figure 44 Billing menu Fields button .................................................................................. 68 Figure 45 Billing menu Filters button.................................................................................. 70 Figure 46 Duration error ......................................................................................................... 71 Figure 47 Displayed calls........................................................................................................ 72 Figure 48 Invoices list ............................................................................................................. 73 Figure 49 Invoice download error ............................................................................................ 73 Figure 50 View invoice option ............................................................................................... 74 Figure 51 Generated invoice model ........................................................................................ 75 Figure 52 Setting parameters for a new invoice....................................................................... 77
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SoftSwitch
GLOSSARY
Figure 53 Wrong date error..................................................................................................... 77 Figure 54 New invoice generation ........................................................................................... 78 Figure 55 Statistics menu options ......................................................................................... 79 Figure 56 Last Hour option ................................................................................................... 79 Figure 57 Custom Statistics page ......................................................................................... 80 Figure 58 Ethernet connection through Putty .......................................................................... 81
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SoftSwitch
GLOSSARY
The manufacturer reserves the right to modify the product and manual for the purpose of technical improvement without prior notice. The manufacturer guarantees the good functioning of the product provided that it has been correctly installed and the directives for storage and usage have been respected. The warranty implies exclusively repairing or replacing the defective unit. The warranty does not include any indirect losses or loss of profit. The manufacturer is not liable for any damage, whether direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential, as a result of using the TOPEX Soft Switch application. No part of this manual may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the company TOPEX S.A It is certified hereby that the TOPEX Soft Switch application is manufactured in concordance with the legal provisions concerning responsibility towards the quality of delivered products, fulfills the quality parameters specified in its Users Manual and is fit for the purpose for which it has been designed. It also warrants that the equipment will perform substantially in accordance with the accompanying documentation. Any comments, suggestions and proposals of yours concerning our products are welcome and we are gladly waiting for your feedback.
Rohde & Schwarz Topex Feleacu no. 10, sector 1 Bucharest 014186, ROMNIA Tel: + 40 21 408.39.00 Fax: + 40 21 408.39.09 e-mail: topex@topex.ro Web: www.topex.ro
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SoftSwitch

Class 4 & Class 5 User Manual 2012

For more details please visit our website at http://www.topex.ro

SoftSwitch WEEE Directive Compliance

For supplementary information contact us to: Phone: +4021 408.39.00 or www.topex.ro

TITLE OR BRIEF DESCRIPTION

A Added, M- Modified, D- Deleted

This manual is revision E, january 2009

1.1 Network switching technology

1.2 Packet switching

1.3 IP telephony technology

1.4 IP Voice Coding and compression modes

2.1 TOPEX Soft Switch introduction

Figure 2 Software system of TOPEX Soft Switch control equipment

2.2.1 Client computer

2.2.2 TOPEX equipment

Figure 5 TOPEX Soft Switch Back panel

2.2.4 Electric circuit

2.2.5 PC Server requirements

INTERFACES AND PROTOCOLS

INTERFACES AND PROTOCOLS

Figure 1 Applications for implemented protocols

TOPEX SoftSwitch installation

4.1 How to access the SoftSwitch system!

TOPEX SoftSwitch installation

4.2 Change the IP address

TOPEX SoftSwitch installation

4.3 Change the hour and date

CONFIGURATION OF TEXT FILES

CONFIGURATION OF TEXT FILES

5.1 voip.cfg file

CONFIGURATION OF TEXT FILES

5.2 group.cfg file

The significance of each group is described below:

field 2: number of group

field 5: the connecting port to slave

CONFIGURATION OF TEXT FILES

CONFIGURATION OF TEXT FILES

5.3.1 debug parameters

5.3.2 Data base activation

CONFIGURATION OF TEXT FILES

5.3.3 RADIUS Activation

6.1 Call processing control

6.2 Adaptation of access protocols

6.3 Service provisioning / interfacing

6.4 Interconnection and interworking

6.5 Address resolution, voice processing and control of resources

7.1 Networking capability

7.2 Service capability

7.3 Security level

INTERFACES AND PROTOCOLS

INTERFACES AND PROTOCOLS

Figure 7 Typical application of protocols

9.1 Client Classes 9.1.1 Description

9.1.2 Main Features

9.2 Clients 9.2.1 Description

9.2.2 Main Features

9.2.3 SIP users

9.2.4 FXS users

9.2.5 ANI Users

9.2.6 Prepaid users

9.5 Service instances

9.6 CDR Call Detail Records