Interference Solutions

Improve Performance Realize New Traffic

CDG Technology Forum October 1, 2002

ISCO Products & Services

We provide products & services that: Improve the performance of CDMA networks
In-band interference removal Recover cell site capacity, coverage and performance

! Improve network performance

ISCO International 2

ISCO Products & Services

Audit and monitor cell sites
Identify performance limited sites Recommend solutions

Are commercially deployed in hundreds of locations world wide

! Improve network performance

ISCO International 3

Interference

Are You Experiencing.?

High dropped call rates High access failure rates
Origination, Termination, Blocked calls

Unable to launch carriers for:

Voice Traffic Data (CDMA2000 1X) traffic

Reduced coverage and capacity due to interference ! ISCO products installed in these sites have improved network quality
ISCO International 5

The Problem
You have interference from: Border Sites Adjacent MSA/RSA Co-located SMR, cellular, paging sites Microwave transmitters FM transmitters Transmitters near airports CATV amplifiers RF from neon signs

" This Interference is degrading network performance

ISCO International 6

How much interference?

High-severe interference
2 to 5% of cell sites Site is unable to carry traffic on a CDMA carrier Lost call rate regularly exceeds 5 percent or more High noise rise metric disproportionate to carried traffic

Low-moderate interference
10 to 20% of cell sites Lost call rate exceeds 3 percent Noise rise disproportionate to carried traffic

ISCO International

Problem of In-band Interference

Signal Power [dBm] Interfering Signal Desired CDMA Signal Noise Floor

Frequency

Due to power control, CDMA signals at the BTS are low power All subscriber signals are in the same 1.25-MHz bandwidth A single high-power interferer affects all subscribers Interference impacts performance, coverage and capacity

ISCO International

Effects of In-band Interference on CDMA Cell-site Capacity

Effects of In-Band Interference on CDMA Coverage & Capacity
5 Without Interference With Interference

Cell-Site Radius [km]

Two 100 dBm interferers yield approximately 12 dB increase in noise All mobile units will have to increase transmit power by 12 dB

4 Example with Two -100 dBm Interferers 3 Lost Coverage Due to In-Band Interference 2 Lost Capacity Due to In-Band Interference

0 0 5 10 15 20 25

Capacity Per Sector [channels]

ISCO International

In-band Interference Mitigation

Signal Power [dBm]

Interfering Signal Noise Floor

Desired CDMA Signal

Frequency

Notch filter will significantly reduce the power level of the interfering signal as perceived at the receiver As a result, effects of interference on the individual received signals and on reverse-link cell-site capacity will be minimized Notch will have some effect on CDMA signal as well, but processing gain allows significant tolerance to these effects
ISCO International 10

ANF Reduction of In-band Interference in CDMA Systems

Effects of In-Band Interference on CDMA Coverage & Capacity
5 No Interference With Interference With Interference & ANF 4 Example with Two -100 dBm Interferers 3 Lost Coverage Due to In-Band Interference 2 Recovered Coverage Due to ANF Lost / Recovered Capacity Due to InBand Interference

Cell-Site Radius [km]

0 0 5 10 15 20 25

Capacity Per Sector [channels]

ANF has no impact on system when no in-channel interference is present

ISCO International

ANF recovers almost all lost coverage and capacity when interference occurs
11

Mobile Transmit Power Effects & Notch Deployment Benefits

Increase in Mobile Transmit Power
55 50

Increase in Mobile Transmit Power [dB]

45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -120 One Interferer Two Interferers Three Interferers

-115

-110

-105

-100

-95

-90

-85

-80

-75

-70

-65

-60

Interferer Power Level [dBm]

Increase in mobile transmit power linear with interferer power level for interferers above about 105 dBm ANF eliminates almost all of the increase in mobile transmit power
ISCO International 12

Notching Benefit
Communications channel integrity is determined by the signal-to-noise ratio: S/N
S= Total signal power in the channel N = Total noise power in the channel (from other users, other base stations, narrow band interference, etc.)

What happens to S/N when a narrow notch is applied at an interferer?

a small fraction of signal power is removed (S decreases by ~2%) a large fraction of noise power is removed (N decreases by ~50-90%)

! Channel S/N increases

ISCO International 13

Installation
Installs with zero downtime ANF unit installed after front end gain stage Suitable for simplex or duplex cell sites Noise figure of ANF unit has minimal impact after amplification stage One ANF unit covers up to 4 CDMA carriers
Base Station
Transmitter Radios
Transmit Antenna Receive Antennas

Receive Front End

Adaptive Notch Filter

ISCO International

14

ANF Application
In-Band Interference Removal in CDMA systems Minimize CDMA Cell Breathing due to interference Removal of dynamic, intermittent interference
Interference is statistical in nature Interference varies in time, frequency, amplitude and space

Hundreds of Systems deployed world wide

! Increased Traffic ! Improved Quality of Service

ISCO International 15

Recap of ISCO Interference Solution Products

ISCO Products & Services

Products
A-2000 Adaptive Notch Filter ANF Web Monitor IA-2000 ANF on Wheels

Services
iSMART analysis (Interference from System Metric Analysis Rules Tool) Interference Audit Network Performance improvement services

ISCO International

17

Adaptive Notch Filter A Series

Extremely rapid and dynamic interferer identification and removal Web based network management tool
Configuration Event reporting

Carrier grade compliant for cell site installation

Standard 19 rack mount Alarms

Power OAM/ BITE

Controller/ Notch filters Scanner

Repeats for diversity channel

! Notches only applied when interferers are present ! Maximum effective utilization of CDMA Traffic potential
ISCO International 18

Web Monitor Architecture

Modem Cell site alarm panel

A-2000 Web Monitor

Alarm interface

A-2000

PSTN Modem Pool Server & Database

A-2000 Intranet

A-2000 Dial up access from remote location

Laptop

Desktop PC

Laptop

! Web based A-2000 network management

ISCO International 19

A-series: Management
Network wide, web based management tool Remote operator control and configuration Interference activity by time-of-day, channel, CDMA carrier, geography

! Enables lights out operation

ISCO International 20

IA-2000 ANF on Wheels

Complete ANF package for 3 sector cell site Optimize network performance
Rapid deployment unit for interference hot spots Identify and measure network interference issues Interference test tool Cell site monitoring

! Simplified installation for rapid deployment

ISCO International 21

SMA Rules analysis (iSMART)

iSMART helps identify potential interference candidates In-band interference manifests as higher Average Noise Rise on the reverse link for a given traffic (WC Hour) thereby limiting the potential to carry traffic and/or reducing coverage Average Noise Rise and Walsh Code Hour (traffic) data is collected on a sector-carrier-hourly basis for one week Three types of analysis are done on the data
Comparison of Traffic and Average noise rise for 24 hours Comparison of Traffic and Average noise rise for busy hour Comparison of Average-to-Peak noise rise as a function of increasing Traffic

ISCO International

22

Thank You!