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1. Random sampling or probability sampling includes all the following techniques, except: A. Simple random sampling B.

Stratified random Sampling C. Cluster sampling D. Purposive Sampling 2. Gender, age-class, religion, type of disease, and blood group are measured on: A. Nominal scale of measurement B. Ordinal scale of measurement C. Interval scale of measurement D. Ratio scale of measurement 3. Which scale of measurement has an absolute zero? A. Nominal B. Ordinal C. Interval D. Ratio 4. The variable which is influenced by the intervention of the researcher is called: A. Independent B. Dependent C. Discrete D. Extraneous 5. The statistical approach which helps the investigator to decide whether the outcome of the study is a result of factors planned within design of the study or determined by chance is called: A. Descriptive statistics B. Inferential statistics C. Normal distribution D. Standard deviation 6. Which of the following methods is a form of graphical presentation of data? A. Line Diagram B. Pie diagram C. Bar diagram D. Histogram 7. All the following are measures of central tendency, except: A. Mean

B. Median C. Mode D. Variance 8. Which measure of central tendency is Influenced by extreme scores and skewed distributions? A. Mean B. Median C. Mode D. Range 9. A measure of central tendency which is calculated by numbers arranging in numerical order is: A. Standard deviation B. Range C. Median D. Mode 10. The proportion of observations fall above the median is: A. 68% B. 50% C. 75% D. 95% 11. The indices used to measure variation or dispersion among scores are all, except: A. Range B. Variance C. Standard deviation D. Mean 12. A measure of dispersion of a set of observations in which it is calculated by the difference between the highest and lowest values produced is called: A. Standard deviation B. Variance C. Range D. Mode 13. A statistic which describes the interval of scores bounded by the 25th and 75th percentile ranks is: A. Inter quartile range B. Confidence Interval C. Standard deviation D. Variance

14. The Median value is the: A. 25th percentile B. 50th percentile C. 75th percentile D. 95th percentile 15. Large standard deviations suggest that: A. scores are probably widely scattered. B. there is very little deference among scores. C. mean, median and mode are the same D. the scores not normally distributed. 16. The formula given below is computational formula for:

A. Variance B. Mean C. Standard deviation D. t-statistic 17. The squire of the standard deviation is the: A. Variance. B. Standard error C. Z-score D. Variance 18. Which is NOT a characteristic of normal distribution? A. Symmetric B. Bell-shaped C. Mean = median = mode D. Negative skewness 19. Skewness is a measure: A. of the asymmetry of the probability distribution

B. decides the distribution may have high or low variance C. of central tendency D. None of the above 20. The formula given below is used to calculate: O= Observed frequency E= Expected frequency A. t-test statistic B. chi-squire statistic C. correlation coefficient D. Standard deviation Answer Key 1. D 6. D 11. D 16. C

2. A 7. D 12. C 17. D

3. D 8. A 13. A 18. D

4. B 9. C 14. B 19.A

5. B 10. B 15. A 20. B

1. The variable in an experiment that is known from the start and does not change is called the: A. dependent variable. B. extraneous variable. C. independent variable. D. confounding variable. Answer Key 2. Type I errors occur: A. when the null hypothesis is rejected but it should have been retained. B. accepting the null hypothesis when it should have been rejected. C. considering the alternate hypothesis as false when it actually it was true . D. when the obtained p-value is higher than 0.05. Answer Key 3. How many degrees of freedom would a table with 3 rows and 2 columns have? A. 2 B. 1

C. 3 D. 4 Answer Key 4. Determining the Degrees of Freedom for a 2X2 contingency table for Chi-squire distribution is: A. 4 B. 2 C. 0.05 D. 1 Answer Key 5. The degree of flatness or peakedness of a graph of a frequency distribution is termed as: A. standard deviation B. kurtosis C. skewness D. mode Answer Key 6. In a negatively skewed distribution, the mean generally falls to: A. the left of the median and the median usually lies to the left of the mode. B. the right of the median and the median usually lies to the right of the mode. C. the middle of median and mode. D. the centre of the distribution. Answer Key
7. Which statement about normal distribution is FALSE:

A. 50 percent of the observations fall within one standard deviation sigma of the mean. B. 68 percent of the observations fall within one standard deviation sigma of the mean. C. 95 percent of observation falls within 2 standard deviations. D. 99.7 percent of observations fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean. Answer Key
8. A measure used to standardize the central tendency away from the mean across different samples is:

A. skewness

B. Range C. Z-score D. mode Answer Key


9. Probability values fall on scale between:

A. -1 to +1 B. 0 and 1. C. -3 to + 3 D. 0.05 to 0.01 Answer Key 10. Standard error is calculated by: A. dividing standard deviation by the square root of the sample size. B. dividing number of nominated outcome by number of possible outcome. C. adding all the numbers and then dividing by the numbers of observations. D. arranging the numbers in numerical order, then taking the middle one. Answer Key
11. When explaining the direction of the linear association between two numerical paired variables, a positive correlation is stated when:

A. one variable increases and the other variable decreases or vice versa. B. dependent variable increases and independent variable decreases C. both variables increase and decrease at the same time. D. correlation coefficient is stated close to 0. Answer Key
12. A type of graphical presentation data used to explain correlation between dependent and independent variable is:

A. Histogram B. Frequency polygon C. Frequency curve D. Scatter plot Answer Key 13. Correlation coefficient ranges from:

A. 0.01 to 0.05 B. 0 to 1 C. -1 to +1 D. -3 to +3 Answer Key 14. A contingency table (2x2) is used to calculate: A. t-statistic B. correlation coefficient C. variance D. chi-squire statistic Answer Key
15. The listed observations- 1,2,3,4,100, suggest the distribution:

A. is positively skewed B. is negatively skewed C. has zero skewness D. is left-skewed Answer Key
16. 95% confidence interval refers to:

A. considering 1 out of 20 chances are taken to be wrong. B. considering 1 out of 100 chances are taken as wrong. C. considering 95 out of 100 chances are taken as wrong. D. considering 5 out of 20 chances are taken as wrong. Answer Key 17. A tentative explanation/statement of a declaration of the expected outcome of a research study based on observations is called: A. Relationships B. Analysis C. Variables D. Hypothesis Answer Key

18. In a naturalistic observation, the phenomenon in which the behaviour of the subjects being observed changes because they are being watched is called: A. Observer bias B. Observer effect C. participant observation D. Representative sampling Answer Key 19. The entire group of people or animals in which the researcher is interested is called: A. Sample B. Experiment group C. Sample D. Controls Answer Key 20. In the scientific investigation, the first step is: A. Reporting your results B. Perceiving a question. C. Drawing conclusion. D. Testing hypothesis. Answer Key
Answer Key

1. C 6. A 11. C 16. A

2. A 7. A 12. D 17. D

3. A 8. C 13. C 18. B

4. D 9. B 14. D 19. C

5. B 10. A 15. A 20. B

1. Which of the following is NOT a method of quantitative research? A. Grounded Theory Research B. Correlational Research C. Quasi-Experimental Research D. Experimental Research

2. The grounded theory approach was developed by A. Heidegger B. Glaser and Strauss C. Husserl D. Denzin Answer Key 3. Deductive Reasoning is applied in: A. Qualitative research B. Quantitative research C. Action research D. Applied research Answer Key 4. Which of the following is a qualitative research design where lived experiences of individuals are examined in their "life-world"? A. Ethnography B. Ethology C. Phenomenology D. Grounded theory Answer Key 5. Which of the following is a characteristic of qualitative research? A. Deductive process B. Control over the context C. Fixed research design D. Inductive process Answer Key 6. Qualitative research design involves A. Emergent design B. Correlative design C. Experimental design D. Cohort design

7. Phenomenological study involves all the following features, EXCEPT A. Bracket out B. Intuition C. Analysis D. Description E. Manipulation Answer Key 8. Which of the following qualitative methods focuses on description and interpretation of cultural behavior? A. Phenomenology B. Grounded theory C. Ethnography D. Symbolic interactionism Answer Key 9. The area of inquiry in grounded theory approach is A. Holistic view of culture B. Lived experiences C. Behaviour observed over time in natural context D. Social structural processes with in social setting Answer Key 10. The research design in which the area inquiry is the manner by which people make sense of social interactions: A. Grounded theory B. Phenomenology C. Symbolic interactionism D. Ethnography Answer Key 11. The term triangulation was coined by: A. Denzin (1989) B. Leininger (1985)

C. Glaser and Strauss (1967) D. Heidegger Answer Key 12. In qualitative research, a guiding principle in deciding sample size is: A. Effect size B. Number of variables C. Data saturation D. Sub-group analysis Answer Key 13. The term refers to the use of multiple referents to draw conclusions about what constitutes the truth: A. Item analysis B. Factor analysis C. Error measurement D. Triangulation Answer Key 14. Characteristics of qualitative research design are A. Flexible and elastic design B. Use of mixed methodologies C. Ongoing analysis to formulate subsequent strategies D. Researcher becomes the instrument E. All of the above Answer Key 15. The tendency in qualitative research to derive a complex array of data from a variety of sources, using variety of methods is termed as: A. Triangulation B. Bricolage C. Cross-tabulation D. Confirmability Answer Key
Answer Key

1. A 6. A 11. A

2. B 7. E 12. C

3. B 8. C 13. D

4. C 9. D 14. E

5. D 10. C 15. B

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