The Eye in Systemic Disease

:Prepared By Ahmed Khamis Abu Warda

1. Diabetes mellitus 2. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) 3. Graves disease 4. Sarcoidosis "Acute anterior uveitis" 5. Systemic lupus erythematosus "keratoconjunctivitis sicca and madarosis, ulcerative keratitis and, rarely, scleritis, retinal vasculitis or optic neuropathy"

6. Rheumatoid Arthritis 7. Hypertension 8. Atherosclerosis 9. Sickle cell disease "vascular occlusions, anastomoses and proliferation, vitreous haemorrhage and retinal detachment" 10.Multiple sclerosis "acute optic neuritis" 11.phosphofructokinase deficiency "cataract" 12.G6PD deficiency "cataract" 13.atopic dermatitis "cataract" 14.Neurofibromatosis-1 "eyelid neurofibromas as well as Lisch's nodules (little nodules seen on the iris) or an optic nerve neuroma" 15.neurofibromatosis-2 "presenile cataracts; some additionally develop ophthalmoplegia and intraocular hamartomas." 16.congenital rubella "cataract" 17.Lowe's syndrome "cataract" 18.Refsum's disease "cataract" 19.Hypoparathyroidism "cataract" 20.Behet's syndrome "Uveitis" 21.Reiter's syndrome "conjunctivitis and acute anterior uveitis " 22.Tuberculosis " grumbling uveitis or choroiditis" 23.Candidiasis "Uveitis" 24.herpes zoster "Uveitis" 25.syphilis "Uveitis , madarosis and keratitis" 26.toxoplasmosis "Uveitis" 27.toxocariasis "Uveitis" 28.pneumocystosis "Uveitis" 29.hyperlipidaemia "Central Retinal Vein Occlusion" 30.hyperviscosity states "Central Retinal Vein Occlusion, haemorrhages, cotton wool spots " 31.thrombophilia "Central Retinal Vein Occlusion"

32.vasculitis "Central Retinal Vein Occlusion" 33.factor V Leiden "Central Retinal Vein Occlusion" 34.myeloma "Central Retinal Vein Occlusion"

35.antiphospholipid syndrome "Central Retinal Vein Occlusion" 36.giant cell arteritis "Central Retinal Artery Occlusion" 37.polyarteritis nodosum "Central Retinal Artery Occlusion, peripheral ulcerative keratitis and scleritis " 38.Wegener's granulomatosis "Central Retinal Artery Occlusion, nasolacrimal duct obstruction and dacrocystitis but these patients may also develop scleritis, peripheral ulcerative keratitis " 39.Kawasaki's disease "Central Retinal Artery Occlusion" 40.Pancreatitis "Central Retinal Artery Occlusion" 41.protein S, protein C or antithrombin deficiency "Central Retinal Artery Occlusion" 42.leukaemia "Central Retinal Artery Occlusion, pigment changes in the retina ('leopard spots') and spontaneous haemorrhage" 43.lymphoma "Central Retinal Artery Occlusion" 44.Horner's syndrome "ptosis, miosis and lack of sweating on that side of the face" 45.Carotid Stenosis 46.Sjgren's syndrome"episcleritis or scleritis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca , Adie's pupil." 47.Thyrotoxicosis 48.Migraine 49.Kaposi's sarcoma 50.Cytomegalovirus 51.Cat-scratch disease 52.Chlamydial infection 53.Leprosy "madarosis (loss of hair) and lagophthalmos" 54.Lyme disease "photophobia, pain, conjunctivitis and peri-ocular oedema"

55.ankylosing spondylitis "Acute anterior uveitis" 56.Crohn's disease "Acute anterior uveitis" 57.ulcerative colitis "Acute anterior uveitis" 58.juvenile idiopathic arthritis "Acute anterior uveitis" 59.Cicatricial pemphigoid "cicatrising conjunctivitis, dry eye" 60.Myasthenia gravis "fluctuating, asymmetric external ophthalmoplegia with ptosis and weak eye closure" 61.Anaemia "haemorrhage, cotton wool spots, subconjunctival haemorrhage and, if vitamin B12 is low, optic neuropathy may occur" 62.Albinism "the lack of pigmentation to the eye" 63.Ehlers-Danlos syndrome "susceptible to trauma, blue sclerae and a microcornea" 64.Marfan's syndrome "ectopia lentis, myopia, retinal detachment and anomalies with the iridocorneal angle and pupil function" 65.Myotonic dystrophy "early cataracts and ptosis" 66.Tuberous sclerosis "retinal astrocytomas occur in 50% of these patients" 67.Acromegaly "bitemporal hemianopia and optic atrophy, nystagmus" 68.Cushing's syndrome "Glucoma" 69.Homocystinuria "ectopia lentis and may also be prone to high myopia and retinal detachment" 70.Dermatomyositis "purple coloration and oedema of the eyelids with oedema of the conjunctiva" 71.Kearns-Sayre syndrome "symmetrical ptosis and external ophthalmoplegia as well as pigmentary retinopathy" 72.Idiopathic intracranial hypertension "frequent transient visual obscurations (up to 30 a day) diplopia, visual field defects and disc swelling which is usually bilateral" 73.Psoriatic arthritis "uveitis, conjunctivitis, keratitis or keratoconjunctivitis sicca" 74.Rosacea "chronic blepharitis and recurrent meibomian cysts, also severe conjunctivitis and keratitis"

75.Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome "progressive ophthalmoplegia associated with progressive dementia" 76.Stevens-Johnson syndrome "transient membranous conjunctivitis, anterior uveitis, superficial punctate keratopathy" 77.Systemic Sclerosis "eyelid tightening and telangiectasia , keratoconjunctivitis sicca" 78.Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (VKH) "anterior uveitis" 79.von Hippel-Lindau syndrome "capillary haemangiomas of the retina or the optic nerve head" 80.Wilson's disease "Kayser-Fleischer ring that is a copper-coloured ring at the periphery of the cornea" 81.Metabolic syndrome 82.Yunis-Varon syndrome "Sparse eyebrows , Sparse eyelashes" 83.hay fever "conjunctival swelling and erythema, eyelid swelling, lower eyelid venous stasis" 84.Asthma " 85.Epidermolysis bullosa 86.Gorlin-Goltz syndrome 87.LouisBar syndrome "Ocular apraxia, Telangiectasias of the eyes" 88.WyburnMason syndrome 89.Scleroderma 90.Rubella "conjunctivitis, Cataract" 91.Infectious mononucleosis "Photophobia" 92.Gonorrhea "Neonatal conjunctivitis" 93.Candidiasis 94.Patau's syndrome 95.Edwards' syndrome 96.Down's syndrome "Cataract" 97.Osler-Weber-Rendu disease 98.Addisons disease 99.Hyperthyroidis

100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107.

Hypothyroidism Whipple's disease Amyloidosis Fabry disease "Cataract" Gaucher's disease NiemannPick disease "supranuclear gaze palsy" Alport's Syndrome Weil's syndrome "Red Eye"

108. Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann disease" Vision difficulty, Scleral nodules , Chorioretinitis" 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. Rieger Syndrome Molluscum Contagiosum Hypercholesterolaemia "Xanthelasmas" Basal Cell Carcinoma Squamous Cell Carcinoma Galactosaemia "Cataract" Hypocalcemia "Cataract" Relapsing polychondritis Cri-du chat syndrome

118.
119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127.

Schmid-Fraccaro syndrome
Turner's syndrome Ring-D chromosome Monosomy-G syndrome Pre-eclampsia Thromboangiitis obliterans Hyperparathyroidism Hypoparathyroidism Vitamin A deficiency Vitamin B deficiency

128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140.

Vitamin C deficiency Hemochromatosis Albright's disease Apert's disease Conradi's syndrome Craniofacial syndromes Osteogenesis imperfecta Pneumonias acute and chronic pyelonephritis Nephrotic syndrome Wilms' tumor Cystinosis Endocarditis