Exercise 111

CPU: hardware within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing

the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of the system

RAM: form of computer data storage. A random-access device allows stored data to be accessed directly in any random order. In contrast, other data storage media such as hard disks, CDs, DVDs and magnetic tape, as well as early primary memory types such as drum memory, read and write data only in a predetermined order, consecutively, because of mechanical design limitations.

Expansion Cards: is a printed circuit board that can be inserted into an electrical connector, or expansion slot on a computer motherboard, backplane or riser card to add functionality to a computer system via the expansion bus.

Power supply: A power supply is a device that supplies electric power to an electrical load. The term is most commonly applied to electric power converters that convert one form of electrical energy to another, though it may also refer to devices that convert another form of energy to electrical energy.

ATX Power connector: ATX is a motherboard form factor specification developed by Intel in 1995 to improve on previous de facto standards like the AT form factor. It was the first major change in desktop computer enclosure, motherboard, and power supply design in many years, improving

standardization and interchangeability of parts.

Hard disk: is a data storage device used for storing and retrieving digital information using rapidly rotating discs coated with magnetic material. An HDD retains its data even when powered off. Data is read in a random-access manner, meaning individual blocks of data can be stored or retrieved in any order rather than sequentially.

Sata Connector:

is a computer bus interface that connects host bus adapters to mass storage devices such as hard disk drives and optical drives. Serial ATA replaces the older AT Attachment standard

IDE connector: An IDE connector is the contact point between the long flat ribbon cable and a hardware device. Normally they are used to connect a CD/DVD-ROM drive to the motherboard inside the computer using a ribbon cable.

CPU fan connector:

is a port that allows a fan to connect to it to cool a CPU/ Northbridge heat sink in bios PC health menu it registers the speed of fan to make sure the CPU ain't to hot and fan spinning maximum speed

CPU socket:

A CPU socket or CPU slot is a mechanical component(s) that provides mechanical and electrical connections between a microprocessor and a printed circuit board (PCB). This allows the CPU to

be replaced without soldering.

CMOS backup battery: Modern personal computer motherboards have a backup battery to run the clock circuit and retain configuration memory while the system is turned off. This is often called the CMOS battery. The original IBM AT, for example, used a small primary lithium battery to retain the clock and [1] configuration memory. Modern systems use either primary or rechargeable batteries. Primary batteries required periodic replacement; rechargeable types often lasted as long as the system they supported. Backup batteries are used in uninterruptible power supplies, and provide power to the computers they supply for a variable period after a power failure, usually long enough to at least allow the computer to be shut down gracefully.

Connectors for integrated peripherals:

PS/2: The PS/2 connector is a 6-pin Mini-DIN connector used for connecting
some keyboards and mice to a PC compatible computer system.

Serial Port: is a serial communication physical interface through which information transfers
in or out one bit at a time (in contrast to a parallel port).
[1]

Throughout most of the history

of personal computers, data was transferred through serial ports connected the computer to devices such as terminals and various peripherals.

Parallel Port: A parallel port is a type of interface found on computers for connecting peripherals. In computing, a parallel port is a parallel communication physical interface.

VGA: the VGA analog interface is used for high definition video including 1080p and higher. While the VGA transmission bandwidth is high enough to support even higher resolution playback, there can be picture quality degradation depending on cable quality and length.

USB: USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices.

Ethernet: Systems communicating over Ethernet divide a stream of data into shorter pieces called frames. Each frame contains source and destination addresses and error-checking data so that damaged data can be detected and re-transmitted. As per the OSI model Ethernet provides services up to and including the data link layer.

Audio: Audio connectors are electrical connectors for carrying audio signal of either analog or digital format. Analog A/V connectors often use shielded cables to

inhibit radio frequency interference (RFI) and noise.