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1. things that people buy that last a long time, like refrigerators or televisions CONSUMER DURABLES. 2.

a period when consumers are spending a lot CONSUMER BOOM 3. refusal by consumers to buy things from a country or company they disapprove of CONSUMER BOYCOTT 4. the feeling that people have about economic prospects CONSUMER CONFIDENCE 5. the amount consumers spend, often referred to when discussing the economy as a whole CONSUMER SPENDING 6. the study of how, why, where, and when people buy things CONSUMER BEHAVIOR 7. the resistance of consumers to things or organizations that they disapprove of CONSUMER BACKLASH.

BALANCE SHEET=shows what a company owns and what it owes at a specific point of time PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT=which describes a companys income, expenses and net income/loss over a period of time INTERNAL AUDITING=usually carried out by auditors employed by the company EXTERNAL AUDITING=when an independent auditor examines an organisations financial statements and accounting records DOUBLE-ENTRY BOOKKEEPING SYSTEM=involves making at least two entries for every transaction FINANCIAL STATEMENTS=a record of a businessfinancial flows (revenues/expenses) and levels (assets/liabilities) CASH FLOW STATEMENT=describes how much cash was used in corporate operatin, investment, and financing activities over a period of time STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDER EQUITY=reconciles the difference between the equity at the two different points of time NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS=typically describe each item on the companys financial statements in further detail THE BIH FOUR=a group of international accounting and professional services firms TOP LINE=money received from the sale of products and services before expenses are taken out

BOTTOM LINE=the result after all revenues and expenses have been accounted for

MONEY-SPINNER = a product or business generating a lot of profit MONEY LAUNDERING = disguising the criminal origin of money such as drug money IDLE MONEY = money that is not circulated or invested and does not earn interest HOT MONEY = money that is passed quickly from country to country to take advantage of differences in interest rates and exchange rates MONEY MAKER = a person or a business activity that earns a lot of money NEAR MONEY = an item that can be easily exchanged in the way that money can MONEY SUPPLY = the total amount of money that exists in the economy of a country

AFTER-SALES SERVICE = service that continues after the sale of product CASH REFUND OFFER = offer to pay back part of the purchase price of a product to customers who send a <proof of purchase> to the manufacturer CHAIN STORE = two or more shops or outlets that have the same owner and sell similar products CONVENIENCE STORE = small shop located near a residental area that opens long hours,seven days a week E-MARKETING = promotion of products and services over the Internet FOLLOW-UP = to maintain contact after the sale to ensure customer satisfaction GUARANTEE = a promise that a product will be repaired or replaced if faulty PROSPECT = a potential customer VIRAL MARKETING = the Internet version of word-of-mouth marketing-e-mail messages that customers pass on to friends COLD CALL = an unexpected telephone call or visit by someone trying to sell smth DEEP DISCOUNTER = a supermarket with very low prices HYPERMARKET = very large shop with a variety of goods,usually outside a town

DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS = all the companies or individuals involved in moving particular good or service from producer to consumer TO LAUNCH A PRODUCT = to introduce a new product onto the market MARKET OPPORTUNITIES = possibilities of filling unsatisfied needs in sector in which a company can profitably produce goods and services. MARKET RESEARCH = collecting,analysing and reporting data relevant to a specific market situation MARKET SEGMENTATION = dividing a market into distinctive groups of buyers who have different requirements or buying habits POINTS OF SALE = places where goods are sold to the public-shops,stores... PRODUCT CONCEPT = an idea for a new product ,which is tested with target consumers before the actual product is developed PRODUCT FEATURES = attributes or characteristics of a product

MARKET PENETRATION = the extent to a which a company gains a share of the market A BUYERS MARKKET = is a market in which the supply of goods is plentiful.Buyers can influence sellers to compete with one another in forcing down prices. A MARKET NICHE = is a small part of a specialised market A CLOSED MARKET = is a country or area which a monopolist has declared to be out of bounds to all producers except himself MARKET SHARE = is the proportion of the total demand for a product supplied by a particular manufacturer A OPEN MARKET = is a country or area in which,by agreement,several manufacturers are free to compete with each other in selling their products PRICE BOOM = a good period for sellers,when prices are rising quickly PRICE CONTROLS = government efforts to limit price increase PRICE CUT/HIKE = a reduction/increase in price PRICE LEADER = a company that is first to reduce or increase prices PRICE TAG = label attached to goods showing the price;also means price

BOOKKEPING= inspection and evaluation of accounts by a second set of accountants ACCOUNTING= keeping financial records, recordidng income and expenditure, valuing assets and liabilities, and so on MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING=preparing budgets and other financial reports necessary for management COST ACCOUNTING=working out the unit cost of products, including materials, labour and all other expenses TAX ACCOUNTING=calculating an individuals or a companus liability for tax AUDITING=writing down the details of transactions (debits and credits) CREATIVE ACCOUNTING=using all available accounting procedures and tricks to disguise the true financial position of a company

SLOT = advertising spot on TV. HOARDING = place on building or by the roadside for a large advertising poster LEAFLET = piece of paper with advertising or information about a product,service or event SPONSOR = company which supports arts or sports event financially,partly for advertising purposes LAYOUT = design of a piece of advertising DIRECT MAIL = letters or catalogues sent directly to thecustomer CATALOGUE = book in which goods are listied and described TARGET AUDIENCE = people who are expected to take notice of an advertisement MEDIA = newspapers,radio and television

A MULTINATIONAL COMPANY (MNC) = a firm which owns or controls production or services outside the country in which it is based. A SOLE TRADER = a private individual who runs a one-man business.He takes all the profits but also all the risks A SUBSIDIARY = of which at least half the share capital is owned by another company,called a parent or holding company

PARTNERSHIP = associations of two or more people sharing the risks and the profits in agreed proportions A PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANY (plc) = must have a minimum nominal share capital of 50.000 dollars.Shares can be freely bought and sold by members of the public A JOINT VENTURE = a business activity in which two or more people or organizations work together A PRIVATE LIMITED COMPANY (Ltd.Co) = cannot offer its shares to the general public.Nor can shares be transferred between members without the consent of the other shareholders

ENTERPRISE CULTURE = an atmosphere which encourages people to make money through their own activities and not rely on the government ENTERPRISE ZONE = an area where the government encourages companis to start new business by offering them lower taxes,less paperwork,and other financial advantages FREE (PRIVATE) ENTERPRISE = business activity owned by individuals rather that the state ENTERPRISE ECONOMY = an economy characterised by an enterprise culture FOR/ON SALE = available for people to buy SALES ASSISTANT = someone whose job is to help customers and sell things in the shop SALES PITCH = the statements and promises someone makes in an attempt to persuade someone else to buy smth SALES REPRESENTATIVE (sales rep) = someone whose job is to travel to different places and sell products of a particular company SALES FORCE = a group of people whose job is to sell products or services for their company

INTRINSIC VALUE = means that the item would have value even if it were not used as money. FIAT MONEY = money without intrinsic value that is used as money because of government decree.

PASIVVREME U AKTIVNOJ REENICI GLAGOL U PASIVNOJ REENICI PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE am/is/are + past participle

PRESENT CONTINIUOUS TENSE PAST SIMPLE TENSE PAST CONTINIOUS TENSE PAST PERFECT TENSE FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE PRESENT INFINITIVE (GOING TO) PRESENT PERFECT INFINITIVE CAN, MUST

am/is/are + being + past participle was/were + past participle was/were + being + past participle had + been + past participle will/shall + be + past participle TO BE + past participle to have been + past participle CAN BE, MUST BE

UPRAVNI GOVOR PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE SIMPLE PAST TENSE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE FUTUR SIMPLE TENSE MAY/CAN CONDITIONAL CONDITNIONAL II CODINTIONAL III PAST PERFECT TENSE PAST SIMPLE TENSE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE PAST PERFECT TENSE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE PAST PERFECT TENSE FUTURE IN THE PAST MIGHT/COULD CONDITIONAL I CODINTIONAL III No changes (CODINTIONAL III) No changes (PAST PERFECT TENSE)

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