Lesson 3 Verbs To teach, taught

Originally

adverb

show or explain to (someone) how to do something: she taught him to read he taught me how to ride a bike
To explain, explained

1from or in the beginning; at first: potatoes originally came from South America
Promotion

noun
1 activity that supports or provides active encouragement for the furtherance of a cause, venture, or aim: disease prevention and health promotion
Position

make (an idea, situation, or problem) clear to someone by describing it in more detail or revealing relevant facts or ideas: they explained that their lives centered on the religious rituals
To bother, bothered

1 [with negative] take the trouble to do something: nobody bothered locking the doors scientists rarely bother with such niceties [with infinitive]: the driver didnt bother to ask why 2(of a circumstance or event) worry, disturb, or upset (someone): secrecy is an issue that bothers journalists
To fill, filed

noun

1a place where someone or something is located or has been put: the distress call had given the ships position Mrs. Snell had taken up her position on the bottom step of the stairs
Corporation

noun

put someone or something into (a space or container) so that it is completely or almost completely full: I filled up the bottle with water
Vocabulary Universe all existing matter and space considered as a whole; the cosmos. The universe is believed to be at least 10 billion light years in diameter and contains a vast number of galaxies. Planet a celestial body moving in an elliptical orbit around a star I live on Planet Earth. Moon

a company or group of people authorized to act as a single entity (legally a person) and recognized as such in law.
Co-worker

noun
a fellow worker: I have some coworker
Product an article or substance that is manufactured or refined for sale: marketing products and services dairy products Form

noun
1 the visible shape or configuration of something: the form, color, and texture of the tree The ball has form of the sphere Maybe

the natural satellite of the earth, visible (chiefly at night) by reflected light from the sun. a natural satellite of any planet.
The earths moon orbits the earth in a period of 29.5 days Gravity 1 The force that attracts a body toward the center of the earth: The gravity of the earth keeps me on the floor. Space 1 a continuous area or expanse that is free, available, or unoccupied: a table took up much of the space Explanation

adverb

perhaps; possibly: maybe I wont go back maybe shed been wrong to accept this job

Perhaps

adverb
used to express uncertainty or possibility: perhaps I should have been frank with him Terrible

adjective

extremely or distressingly bad or serious: a terrible crime terrible pain the terrible conditions in which the ordinary people lived Expressions What a pity a cause for regret or disappointment: what a pity we cant be friends Its a pity Thats right Used to answer someone who has just thanked you for something or just said they are sorry for something they did. First of all before anything else: First of all, Id like to ask you a few questions. To fill out I dont mind I dont mind with you are doing. To copy To make a copy: I need to copy homework of my friend To paste

a statement or account that makes something clear: the birth rate is central to any explanation of population trends
Original

adjective

1present or existing from the beginning; first or earliest: the original owner of the house the plasterwork is probably original 2created directly and personally by a particular artist; not a copy or imitation: original Rembrandts playing original material 3not dependent on other peoples ideas; inventive and unusual: a subtle and original thinker

Lesson 5
verbs To happen happened 1 shaped like or approximately like a circle or cylinder: she was seated at a small, round table
Square

verb

1take place; occur: the afternoon when the disturbance happened ensue as an effect or result of an action or event: this is what happens when the mechanism goes wrong
To meet, met

noun

angles. 1 a plane figure with four equal straight sides and four right

verb (past and past participle met /met/)

1-come into the presence or company of (someone) by chance or arrangement: a week later I met him in the street
To become, became, become

a thing having the shape of four equal straight sides and four right angles: she tore a bit of cloth into a four-inch square a thing having the shape or approximate shape of a cube: a small square of chocolate
Triangular

1 [no object, with complement] begin to be: they became angry it is becoming clear that we are in a totally new situation grow to be; turn into: the child will become an adult
To correct, corrected

adjective

shaped like a triangle; having three sides and three corners: dainty triangular sandwiches involving three people or parties: a triangular relationship (of a pyramid) having a three-sided base.
Wood

put right (an error or fault): the council issued a statement correcting some points in the press reports mark the errors in (a written or printed text): he corrected Dixons writing for publication
Vocabulary Supervisor

noun

1 the hard fibrous material that forms the main substance of the trunk or branches of a tree or shrub. wood when cut and used as timber or fuel: a large table made of dark, polished wood
Plastic

noun

a person who supervises a person or an activity. I like my supervisor

Machine

noun

a synthetic material made from a wide range of organic polymers such as polyethylene, PVC, nylon, etc., that can be molded into shape while soft and then set into a rigid or slightly elastic form. informal credit cards or other types of plastic card that can be used as money: he pays with cash instead of with plastic
Fabric

noun

an apparatus using or applying mechanical power and having several parts, each with a definite function and together performing a particular task: a fax machine a shredding machine
Statement

noun

1cloth, typically produced by weaving or knitting textile fibers: heavy silk fabric waterproof fabrics
Plan

noun

a definite or clear expression of something in speech or writing: do you agree with this statement? this is correct as a statement of fact
Angry

noun

1 a detailed proposal for doing or achieving something: the UN peace plan 2 (usually plans) an intention or decision about what one is going to do: I have no plans to retire
Expressions To be glad To be pleased To get angry

having a strong feeling of or showing annoyance, displeasure, or hostility; full of anger: why are you angry with me? an angry customer Christine had made him angry Im angry that she didnt call me
Angrily Funny

1-causing laughter or amusement; humorous: a funny story the play is hilariously funny
Reaction

To apply for To go on strike By chance To print Out of

noun
an action performed or a feeling experienced in response to a situation or event: Carries immediate reaction was one of relief
Round

Lesson 7 Verbs To find, found 1 discover or perceive by chance or unexpectedly: Lindsey looked up to find Neil watching her To lose, lost 1be deprived of or cease to have or retain (something): Ive lost my appetite Linda was very upset about losing her job the company may find itself losing customers to cheaper rivals cause (someone) to fail to gain or retain (something): you lost me my appointment at the university To wake up, woke up emerge or cause to emerge from a state of sleep; stop sleeping she woke up feeling better To prepare, prepared make (something) ready for use or consideration: prepare a brief summary of the article Vocabulary Fight a violent confrontation or struggle: well get into a fight and wind up with bloody noses a boxing match. Several more than two but not many: [as determiner]: the author of several books [as pronoun]: Van Gogh was just one of several artists who gathered at Auvers several of his friends attended separate or respective: the two levels of government sort out their several responsibilities

Couple two individuals of the same sort considered together: a couple of girls were playing marbles Soap opera a television or radio drama series dealing typically with daily events in the lives of the same group of characters. Upset 1a state of being unhappy, disappointed, or worried: domestic upsets a legal dispute will cause worry and upset 1 [predic.] unhappy, disappointed, or worried: she looked pale and upset Mad mentally ill; insane: he felt as if he were going mad Pillow a rectangular cloth bag stuffed with feathers, foam rubber, or other soft materials, used to support the head when lying down. Pillowcase a removable cloth cover for a pillow. Sheet 1a large rectangular piece of cotton or other fabric, used on a bed to cover the mattress and as a layer beneath blankets when these are used.

used in comparisons to describe the pallor of a person who is ill or has had a shock: Are you OK? Youre as white as a sheet Blanket 1a large piece of woolen or similar material used as a bed covering or other covering for warmth. Reservation 1the action of reserving something: the reservation of positions for non-Americans Credit card a small plastic card issued by a bank, business, etc., allowing the holder to purchase goods or services on credit. First class a set of people or things grouped together as the best. Coach free Economy noun (plural economies) 1the wealth and resources of a country or region, especially in terms of the production and consumption of goods and services. (also economy class) the cheapest class of air or rail travel: we flew economy Paw an animals foot having claws and pads. Tail 1the hindmost part of an animal, especially when prolonged beyond the rest of the body, such as the flexible extension of the backbone in a vertebrate, the feathers at the hind end of a bird, or a terminal appendage in an insect. Feather any of the flat appendages growing from a birds skin and forming its plumage, consisting of a partly hollow horny shaft fringed with vanes of barbs. Skin 1the thin layer of tissue forming the natural outer covering of the body of a person or animal: I use body lotion to keep my skin soft a flap of skin Fur the short, fine, soft hair of certain animals: a long, lean, muscular cat with sleek fur Furry covered with fur: furry creatures in fields having a soft surface like fur: it has soft and furry applegreen leaves Jaw each of the upper and lower bony structures in vertebrates forming the framework of the mouth and containing the teeth. the lower movable bone of the jaw, or the part of the face containing it: she suffered a broken jaw Wild 1(of an animal or plant) living or growing in the natural environment; not domesticated or cultivated. (of people) not civilized; barbarous: the wild tribes from the north Ipod a portable electronic device for playing and storing digital audio and video files

Lesson 9
Verbs To listen, listened give ones attention to a sound: evidently he was not listening sit and listen to the radio To hear, heard perceive with the ear the sound made by (someone or something): behind her she could hear mens voices she had never been heard to complain he did not hear very well be told or informed of: have you heard the news? To hope, hoped want something to happen or be the case: I hope that the kids are OK To turn, turned move or cause to move in a circular direction wholly or partly around an axis or point: the big wheel was turning change in nature, state, form, or color; become: Emmeline turned pale Vocabulary Anxious experiencing worry, unease, or nervousness, typically about an imminent event or something with an uncertain outcome: she was extremely anxious about her exams Anxiously Semester a half-year term in a school or college, typically lasting fifteen to eighteen weeks. Bilingual a person fluent in two languages. (of a person) speaking two languages fluently: a bilingual secretary Trilingual (of a person) speaking three languages fluently. Salary a fixed regular payment i don't work, then i don't get salary Raise lift or move to a higher position or level: she raised both arms above her head his flag was raised over the city

lift or move to a vertical position; set upright: Melody managed to raise him to his feet an increase in salary: he wants a raise and some perks Hope a feeling of expectation and desire for a certain thing to happen: he looked through her belongings in the hope of coming across some information Hopefully in a hopeful manner: he rode on hopefully it is to be hoped that: hopefully, it should be finished by next year Easily easily

without difficulty or effort: he climbed the mountain in a relaxed manner: he shrugged easily

Difficulty the state or condition of being difficult: Guy had no difficulty in making friends she walks with difficulty Trouble difficulty or problems: I had trouble finding somewhere to park Free not under the control or in the power of another; able to act or be done as one wishes: I have no ambitions other than to have a happy life and be free a free choice Even equal or equally balanced: The class has a pretty even mix of boys and girls. I bought the tickets, so if you pay for dinner well be even (= you will not owe me any money). Odd different from what is usual or expected; strange: the neighbors thought him very odd its odd that she didnt recognize me Expressions To come back To go back To turn out To turn on To turn off

Lesson 11 verbs To smile, smiled form ones features into a pleased, kind, or amused expression, typically with the corners of the mouth turned up and the front teeth exposed: she was smiling he smiled at Shelley To laugh, laughed make the spontaneous sounds and movements of the face and body that are the instinctive expressions of lively amusement and sometimes also of contempt or derision: she couldnt help laughing at his jokes he laughed out loud To worry, worried 1 [no object] give way to anxiety or unease; allow ones mind to dwell on difficulty or troubles: he worried about his soldier sons in the war [with clause]: I began to worry whether I had done the right thing [with object] cause to feel anxiety or concern: there was no need to worry her Ive been worrying myself sick over my mothe To declare, declared 1 [reporting verb] say something in a solemn and emphatic manner: [with clause]: he declared that he never revises his prose President the elected head of a republican state: President Kennedy Governor the elected executive head of a state of the US. Mayor the elected head of a city, town, or other municipality. the titular head of a municipality that is administered by a city manager. Democrat an advocate or supporter of democracy. Republican (of a form of government, constitution, etc.) belonging to, or characteristic of a republic. the republican movement Politician a person who is professionally involved in politics, especially as a holder of or a candidate for an elected office. Speech 1the expression of or the ability to express thoughts and feelings by articulate sounds: he was born deaf and without the power of speech a persons style of speaking: she wouldnt accept his correction of her speech Campaign a series of military operations intended to achieve a particular objective, confined to a particular area, or involving a specified type of fighting: a desert campaign Party 1a social gathering of invited guests, typically involving eating, drinking, and entertainment: an engagement party 2a formally constituted political group, typically operating on a national basis, that contests elections and attempts to form or take part in a government: the partys conservative mainstream a group of people taking part in a particular activity or trip, especially one for which they have been chosen: the fishing party 3a person or people forming one side in an agreement or dispute: a contract between two parties informal a person, especially one with specified characteristics: will you help the party on line 2?

Crowd a large number of people gathered together, typically in a disorganized or unruly way: a huge crowd gathered in the street outside Pride a person or thing that is the object or source of a feeling or deep pleasure or satisfaction: the swimming pool is the pride of the community Proud feeling deep pleasure or satisfaction as a result of ones own achievements, qualities, or possessions or those of someone with whom one is closely associated: a proud grandma of three boys she got nine As and he was so proud of her Aggressive ready or likely to attack or confront; characterized by or resulting from aggression: hes very uncooperative and aggressive aggressive behavior pursuing ones aims and interests forcefully, sometimes unduly so: an aggressive businessman Naughty (especially of children) disobedient; badly behaved: youve been a really naughty boy informal mildly rude or indecent, typically because related to sex: naughty drawings naughty goings-on Drunk affected by alcohol to the extent of losing control of ones faculties or behavior: he was so drunk a person who is drunk or who habitually drinks to excess. informal a drinking bout; a period of drunkenness: he used to go on these blind drunks Fallowing 1(of farmland) plowed and harrowed but left unsown for a period in order to restore its fertility as part of a crop rotation or to avoid surplus production: incentives for farmers to let the land lie fallow in order to reduce grain surpluses Service 1the action of helping or doing work for someone: millions are involved in voluntary service Customs the official department that administers and collects the duties levied by a government on imported goods: cocaine seizures by customs have risen this year [as modifier]: a customs officer the place at a port, airport, or frontier where officials check incoming goods, travelers, or luggage: arriving refugees were whisked through customs Visa an endorsement on a passport indicating that the holder is allowed to enter, leave, or stay for a specified period of time in a country. Nut a fruit consisting of a hard or tough shell around an edible kernel. Doubt a feeling of uncertainty or lack of conviction: some doubt has been cast upon the authenticity of this account they had doubts that they would ever win Expressions Student visa To be proud of To land To take off

LESSON 13 Verbs To say, said 1 [reporting verb] utter words so as to convey information, an opinion, a feeling or intention, or an instruction: [with direct speech]: Thank you, he said To tell, told 1 [reporting verb] communicate information to someone in spoken or written words: I told her you were coming To notice, noticed

Actually

as the truth or facts of a situation: we must pay attention to what young people are actually doing used to emphasize that something someone has said or done is surprising: he actually expected me to be pleased about it!
Excited

very enthusiastic and eager: they were excited about the prospect the excited children sexually aroused.
Nervous

become aware of: he noticed the youths behaving suspiciously I noticed that she was looking tired
To feel, felt be aware of (a person or object) through touching or being touched: she felt someone touch her shoulder you can feel the soft grass beneath your feet Vocabulary Overseas

easily agitated or alarmed: a sensitive, nervous person anxious or apprehensive: hes nervous of speaking in public
Besides

in addition to; apart from: I have no other family besides my parents besides being a player, he was my friend
Grade a particular level of rank, quality, proficiency, or value: sea salt is usually available in coarse or fine grades [in combination]: high-grade steel a level in a salary or employment structure: clerical and secretarial grades Voice the sound produced in a persons larynx and uttered through the mouth, as speech or song: Meg raised her voice [mass noun]: a worried tone of voice Upon more formal term for on, especially in abstract senses. it was based upon two principles a schools dependence upon parental support

in or to a foreign country, especially one across the sea: he spent quite a lot of time working overseas from, to, or relating to a foreign country: overseas trips
Abroad

in or to a foreign country or countries: we usually go abroad for a week in May competition from companies at home and abroad
Whenever at whatever time; on whatever occasion (emphasizing a lack of restriction): you can ask for help whenever you need it every time that: the springs in the armchair creak whenever I change position used for emphasis instead of when in questions, typically expressing surprise or confusion: whenever shall we get there? However

used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or seems to contradict something that has been said previously: People tend to put on weight in middle age. However, gaining weight is not inevitable [relative adverb] in whatever way; regardless of how: however you look at it, you cant criticize that [with adjective or adverb] to whatever extent: he was hesitant to take the risk, however small
Probably

almost certainly; as far as one knows or can tell: she would probably never see him again
Probability

Lesson15 Verbs To cost, cost the amount of money needed to buy, do, or make something, or an amount spent for something Education costs continue to rise. To trust, trusted to have confidence in something, or to believe in someone: Trust me I would never lie to you. To cough, coughed to force air out of your lungs through your throat with a short, loud sound, often unwillingly: The smoke from the bonfire made me cough. To sneeze, sneezed make a sudden involuntary expulsion of air from the nose and mouth due to irritation of ones nostrils: the smoke made her sneeze Vocabulary Medicine a drug or other preparation for the treatment or prevention of disease: give her some medicine Cough an act or sound of coughing: she gave a discreet cough Mirror a surface, typically of glass coated with a metal amalgam, which reflects a clear image: he checked his appearance in the mirror a thing regarded as accurately representing something else: the stage is supposed to be the mirror of life Type a category of people or things having common characteristics: this type of heather grows better in a drier habitat blood types Personal belonging to or affecting a particular person rather than anyone else: her personal fortune was recently estimated at 37 million Trustworthy able to be relied on as honest or truthful: leave a spare key with a trustworthy neighbour Available able to be used or obtained; at someones disposal: refreshments will be available all afternoon community health services available to Londoners (of a person) not otherwise occupied; free to do something: the nurse is only available at certain times. the minister was not available for comment

a stock or amount of something supplied or available for use: a farm with good water supply the demand for tickets greatly exceeds the supply Dust fine, dry powder consisting of tiny particles of earth or waste matter lying on the ground or on surfaces or carried in the air: the car sent up clouds of dust Dusty covered with, full of, or resembling dust: dusty old records a hot, dusty road Proper denoting something that is truly what it is said or regarded to be; genuine: shes never had a proper job a proper meal Properly correctly or satisfactorily: ensuring the work is carried out properly Vacant (of a place) not occupied; empty: 40 per cent of the offices are still vacant Vacancy an unoccupied position or job: a vacancy for a shorthand typist Certain able to be firmly relied on to happen or be the case: its certain that more changes are in the offing having or showing complete conviction about something: are you absolutely certain about this? Expressions Long distance call Collect call Single room Double room Junk mail Check in Check out

Supply

Lesson 17 Verbs To attend, attended be present at (an event, meeting, or function): the entire sales force attended the conference she was unable to attend the wedding To hide, hidden put or keep out of sight; i hide the money in my house To sit, sat to be in a position with your buttocks on a surface that supports your body, or to cause someone to be in this position: Andrea was sitting on the couch, watching TV. To sign, signed write ones name on (a letter, card, or similar item) to identify oneself as the writer or sender: the card was signed by the whole class

Limit

a point or level beyond which something does not or may not extend or pass: the limits of presidential power the 10-minute limit on speeches there was no limit to his imagination Within

inside (something): field located within the

city

inside the range of (a specified action or perception): within reach not further off than (used with distances): Bob lives within a few miles of Honesdale Highway

a main road, especially one connecting major towns or cities: a six-lane highway Whose

belonging to or associated with which person: Whose is this sunglasses ? Current

Vocabulary Declaration a formal or explicit statement or announcement: declarations of love Independence Be free; the fact or state of being independent: Argentina gained independence from Spain in 1816 I always valued my independence Desperation

belonging to the present time; happening or being used or done now: I dont know of current events I started my current job last year Item

an individual article or unit, especially one that is part of a list, collection, or set: the items on the agenda an item of clothing Expressions All of them Both of them None of them Speeding ticket Parking ticket To get a ticket

a state of despair, typically one that results in rash or extreme behavior: she wrote to him in desperation Finally

after a long time, typically involving difficulty or delay: he finally arrived to join us Signature

a persons name written in a distinctive

the action of signing a document: the license was sent to the customer for signature Speed

rapidity of movement or action: the accident was due to excessive speed