Final Term BONUS Projects for Digital Computer Fundamentals

First Prize: 200 LE, Second Prize: 150 LE, Third Prize: 100 LE (for outstanding project implementations ONLY)

General Notes and Project Guidelines: Groups may be formed for a maximum of 10 students. Projects will be marked out of 100points. Please submit the following before 2 oclock on Thursday the 18th of May 2013 as explained later: i) ii) Written report and Poster presentation

This report and presentation will include what the group has reached in the system design and layout of the hardware and/or software. The poster presentation is limited to a maximum of one drawing sheet (100x50cm) area. In this space you have to concentrate on presenting schematically (without excessive writings) all the material in the shortest and most detailed form you see is applicable to gain the appreciation of the examiners (it consists normally of a number of power point slides). Both

documentations are extremely important (You have to learn to put your ideas on paper! This is a professional MUST as an engineer!!!). They are awarded 25% of the final mark. Practical Work working properly with good understanding of all practical aspects accounts for 50% of the Final mark. Oral exam of your project is weighted at 25% of the mark. All projects have to be handed-in before 2 oclock on Thursday the 18th of May 2013. 10% extra bonus points will be awarded to students handing-in their complete project before 2oclock on Thursday 11th of May 2013. Page 1 of 10

5% extra bonus points will be awarded to students handing-in their complete project between Thursday the 4th of May 2013 and 2oclock on Wednesday 11th of May 2013.

No bonus points will be awarded to students handing-in their reports at the final set day. Late submissions would incur a reduction in the mark awarded by a geometric progression of the form: Final Mark = Original Mark 0.9 Number
of Late Days

No marks would be awarded one week from the deadline. Late reports (after the week from the set date and time) will not be accepted. The projects must be minimally budgeted and marks will be deducted for excessive expenditures. A market analysis must be conducted and cost analysis is to be performed in order to perform a viability and validity of the project and possible market prospects. ALL students from first year wishing to hand-in their projects. You must hand it in to ANY one of the following: o Professor Dr. Samir Deghedie o Dr. Mohamed El-Habrouk o Mrs Manar Mohamed o Mr. Ahmed Abdel-Hakim o Mr. Hassan Zaytoun in person in order to be evaluated on the spot and given a mark.

If you leave the report to be handed in by a third party, it will be graded from half the original mark. If you are travelling or will not be available at the set dates, make sure to hand in the project earlier. Please be vigilant enough to coordinate with one of the

supervisors APRIORI. If two or more reports are found to be identical or copied, each of them will be graded from half the mark (or the ratio of their number). In other words, the

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minimum mark will be divided between the students having given their report to be copied or having presented a copied report. Three awards will be given to the best three groups who are really worth. The first prize amounts to LE200, the second prize amounts to LE150 and the third prize amounts to LE100. These winners will be decided by the supervisors and will be asked to perform additional presentation.

For any of these projects, it is required to achieve the following items Electronic design of the analogue and digital circuits. Simulation results of the circuit must be conducted on any simulation software (such as Multi-SIM EWB, Orcad PSPICE, Matlab/Simulink, ) Printed Circuit Board (PCB) design and fabrication Technical written report detailing all the accomplished work as well as a complete explanation for the system designed. Power Point presentations incorporating the details and ideas as well as the problems encountered in the process of the implementation as well as your ideas to solve these problems. You have to put all your effort in properly and professionally presenting your work in order to help you get a good job in the future (It is normally said: You have to learn to properly sell yourself -your skills- to get a good position in a good job).

It is required to present the following in the written report: 1. A detailed schematic design of the hardware designed system. 2. Explanation of the idea, the function of each chip used as well as the circuit explanation. 3. Simulation of the designed circuit. 4. The working prototype of the system including all support chips as well as the PC interface (if applicable). 5. The testing procedures undertaken to verify your design.

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Hints: 1. You may use any of the digital logic chips you have studied in your course and/or any others you may wish to use. 2. Ordinary press switches (push-buttons), dip-switches and seven segment displays. 3. LM555 timers may be used for timing circuits. These would generate any frequency of desire. However the stability of such a circuit is rather poor. 4. Use the TL084 or the LM324-Quad Operational Amplifier, for the analogue interface circuit if required. You may need to use Zener diodes and potential dividers to protect from over-voltages, as well as current to voltage conversions.

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Possible Projects:
1. Simple As Possible (SAP) Microprocessor system You are required to design a small 4-bit microprocessor system using TTL and CMOS logic Integrated Circuits. This is the simplest system which would be able to perform the basic operations such as: ADD, LOAD, STORE, SUBTRACT, HALT. The memory storage system is also to be designed as well as its decoding circuits. The system required is supposed to perform these processes in order to enable the microprocessor to perform these simple tasks. The system should include but not be bound to the following: 1. Simple Arithmetic unit 2. Simple carry and zero flag unit 3. Program Counter 4. Instruction Register 5. Instruction Decoders 6. Instruction execution sequencer are also to be designed and implemented. The system clock may use a 555-timer and an ordinary 5V power supply to power up the circuit. In order to test the system a small program needs to be placed in the RAM in order to test each of the 5 operations outlined above. A mean of entering the program into the memory is required to be devised. The processing of the microprocessor must also include single stepping of the instructions (execute and stop after each one) in order to test the states of the processor. Further tasks are also appreciated and generously rewarded. You are required to attempt as much as possible in the implementation of this system.

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2. Arithmetic and Logic Unit A digital design of a full-scale expandable (with cascadable input carry bits) 4-bits integer ALU able to perform certain operations and to generate the following four flags: a. Carry/Borrow Flag to be set on carry (addition) or borrow (subtraction) operations b. Sign Flag to be set when the resulting number is negative (2's complement only) c. Zero Flag to be set if the resulting number is zero d. Overflow Flag to be set if the two most significant carry outputs are not equal The operations required are summarised in the following: a. Addition of two 4-bit data b. Addition with Carry of two 4-bit data c. Subtraction of two 4-bit data d. Subtraction with Borrow of two 4-bit data e. Incrementing the input data f. Decrementing the input data g. Integer Multiplication of two 4-bit input data (resulting in 8-bit outputs) h. Integer Division of an 4-bit input data by a 2-bit input data (resulting in 4 quotient output bits and an extra 2 remainder bits) i. Shifting Operations including of the input data i. ii. Ordinary Shift Right and Left with carry flag Arithmetic Shift Right and Left with carry flag

iii. Circular Shift Right and Left with carry flag iv. Ordinary Shift Right and Left through carry flag v. Arithmetic Shift Right and Left through carry flag

vi. Circular Shift Right and Left through carry flag j. Transferring and Displaying of data k. First Complement of the input data l. Second Complement of the input data m. Negation the input data. n. BCD Addition of the input data o. BCD Subtraction of the input data p. Excess-3 Addition of the input data

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q. BCD to Binary conversion circuit for the input data and vice versa r. Binary to BCD conversion circuit for the input data and vice versa s. Gray code to Binary conversion circuit of the input data and vice versa t. Binary to Gray code conversion circuit of the input data and vice versa u. Excess-3 to Binary conversion circuit of the input data and vice versa v. Binary to Excess-3 conversion circuit of the input data and vice versa w. Logic Operations i. ii. ANDing of input data ORing of input data

iii. XORing of input data iv. XNORing of input data v. INVERTing of input data

vi. NANDing of input data vii. NORing of input data x. Comparing of two input data for equality operation (if equal the zero flag should be set) y. Comparing of two input data for larger than operation z. Comparing of two input data for smaller than operation The required operations are to be selected using a certain number of select lines in order to enable only one of the above processes to be performed. It is required to design the functional truth table of such a circuit and to determine the exact number of selection code bits required in order to perform all these tasks. Data input to the designed circuit is to be conveyed from DIP switches. The design must also include input and output presentation circuits using LEDs as well as seven segments (Displaying Hexadecimal data). The implementation of further operations other than the aforementioned above is very much appreciated and generously rewarded. You are required to attempt as much as possible in the implementation of this system.

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3. Collision Avoidance Robotic Car A digital design of a full-scale expandable collision avoidance robotic car in order to perform a certain task. The robot task has to be implemented using logic gates and analogue electronics only. No microprocessor nor microcontrollers can be used in the designs. The task required is the following. o Operate the car at a starting point of a racing track. The car has to be able to avoid collision with the walls of the path as well as with the other cars. o The car has to be able to perform three stops, namely: o one refuelling pump station o one cargo pick-up station o one cargo delivery station o The minimum amount of time for performing the task is a major advantage for the project.

4. Quad-Copter Controlled System A system of quad-copter is required to be implemented using digital/analogue circuits. The quad-copter is required to control the engines in order to perform lift-off, orientation control as well as speed control. The quad-copter may be allowed to perform a cargo transfer from one point to another. Only digital logic gates are to be used in this system.

5. ROV An underwater remotely operated vehicle is to be designed and operated using digital logic controls. The system is to operate using digital logic circuits in order to fulfil the task of submersion, floating and transferring a cargo from one point to another. The vehicle is to avoid collision with any obstacles in its way. No microprocessors nor microcontrollers are to be used.

6. Sumo-Robot A Sumo-Fighting Robot is to be designed and implemented in order to fight another robot. The robot is to be able to move forward, backward and be able to push the

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opponent in order to make it fall. The robot is to be operated using digital logic gates only. No microprocessors nor microcontrollers are to be used.

7. Digital Propeller Display A rotating array of LEDs is to be designed to rotate at a constant speed. The LEDs are to be turned ON or OFF in order to display a message in the air surrounding the rotating arm carrying the array of LEDs. Only digital logic gates are to be used. No

microprocessors nor microcontrollers are to be used.

8. Digital Traffic Light controller The traffic of cars is to be adjusted at a crossing with a six phase systems using sets of coloured lights (red, amber and green) in order to arrange for different timings for each of the flow directions and the waiting period. The circuit must be adjustable in time. In addition, a direct interfere of the officer is important in the cases of emergencies in order to alter the direction of the traffic. In addition, pedestrian crossing access must be included.

9. Universal Serial Synchronous/Asynchronous Transmitter Receiver. The design of a complete parallel to serial interface between two devices is to be performed to transmit and receive synchronously and/or asynchronously the digital data between the two parties (two PCs for instance). Handshaking is to be performed as well as parity check for the incoming and outgoing data. Moreover, SPI and TWI are also to be included. Only digital logic gates are to be used in this system.

10. Bottling System for fizzy drinks It is required to digitally control the process of filling bottles of fizzy drinks in a production line where bottles are subjected to several presettable timed processes in order to manufacture the fizzy drink. The washing, emptying, filling, mixing and counting of bottles are to be considered in order to perform the complete control of the system. Only digital logic gates are to be used in this system.

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11. LED Matrix Display The control of a LED matrix display and the presentation of data on it are to be performed digitally. It is required to address each of the vertical lines (8 LEDs in each column) by generating an address used to take data from a certain memory. This data is then displayed on the screen and the next line follows very quickly in order for the human eye not to notice any flicker in the whole display. There are 80 columns of LEDs in the display. A two line control and display of the LED matrix display is to be implemented using the serial port of the computer using special UART shift registers. The

programming can be implemented on the PC for changing the displayed message. Only digital logic gates are to be used in this system.

12. Lift Control It is required to build a complete control system for a 6 floor-lift system. The system is required to encode priorities for different floors. The control of the motors and the brakes is to be implemented for the different lift components. Limit switches are to be used for floor determination. Only digital logic gates are to be used in this system.

13. Digital Storage Oscilloscope It is required to build a digital storage oscilloscope using digital logic gates. In this case an analogue to digital converter is to be designed and built. The memory storage is to be used on static RAM (6164 or 6264). The display is to be presented on a LED matrix of 50x50 very small LEDs which are very close to each others in order not to detect changes between consecutive points (pixels). Only digital logic gates are to be used in this system.

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