UNIT SEVEN

Information and Communication Technology(ICT) and Society

End Show

Developing Team

S.K.N.Suriyaarachchi (PICTEC-Western Province) N.Nobel Ravi(ZICTEC-Nuwara Eliya) A.M.Vazeer (CRC- Kahagolla) D.M.D.Kumarihamy(ZEO-Welimada) L.K.Rathnayake(ZICTEC-Passara)
End Show

Information and Communication Technology(ICT) and Society

ICT for National Development Issues in the use of ICT

End Show

7.1 - ICT for National Development

Information and Communication Technology has become a vital player in the national development of modern society. Methods of gathering, processing and dissemination of information has dramatically changed in the modern era with the advent of ICT.
End Show

ICT has an impact on the

Social Cultural Economic Administrative aspects of society

End Show

ICT has contributed to increase productivity of goods and services relevant to Health Education Agriculture Industries and almost all other sectors in Sri Lanka

End Show

ICT in the health sector

End Show

ICT in the Health Sector

E-channeling Research and Innovation Medical testing & reporting Surgery Maintenance of Medical History Records In house management Remote surgery

End Show

ICT in Education

End Show

ICT is used in education under Learning Teaching Management

End Show

ICT for learning

Online courses/exams Huge collection of subject related electronic materials and methodologies(Lessons, Tutorials, simulations etc.) Learning Management System(LMS) Educational fora, video conferencing, CAL(Computer Assisted Learning) School net
End Show

ICT for teaching

Hypermedia tools Simulation, animation, modeling, audio and video Huge Collection of Subject Related Materials (Lessons, Tutorials etc.) Modern Learning / Teaching Methodologies
End Show

ICT for teaching cont School Management Systems Web sites related to Education Management

End Show

ICT in Agriculture

Introduces modern machinery and equipment Provides information on seeds that maximize harvest and preservation of products Provides awareness in the field of modern Agriculture Fertilizers Pesticides Provides information on modern techniques in horticulture and in agro technology Research on farming, animal husbandry Virtual/competitive markets for agricultural products

End Show

ICT in Industry

Provides information on modern tools, equipment, machinery Provides software on designing and modeling Provides know how on the use of new techniques in various industries including self employment E.g. hair dressing, beauty culture and apparel

Provides facilities for advertising and marketing

End Show

ICT in Industry contd.

Facilitates office automated systems Electronic processing saves energy and time Increases productivity, efficiency and accuracy Minimizes paper work Provides on-line jobs Facilitates tele-commuting Provides infrastructure facilities for call centers

End Show

ICT in Banking Sector

ATM Credit Cards Inter Bank Money Transfer On-Line banking (e-banking) Image Processing Cheque Clearing Systems Money grams Etc.
End Show

ICT in Insurance Sector On the Spot Claims Medical coverage using electronic cards

End Show

ICT in Share Market

Provides information on current foreign exchanges

Provides facility to deal with the share market
End Show

Issues in the use of ICT

Social Ethical Legal Security Health & safety

End Show

Social Issues

Digital Divide Digital divide is the division of people according to the accessibility to ICT Resources. There is a gap between those who can access ICT resources easily and those who can not access.
End Show

Ethical Issues

Piracy Cracking Hacking Unauthorized access etc.

End Show

Legal Issues

Violation of Intellectual Property Rights Copyright Patent

End Show

Security Issues
Hardware

Protection Computer must be protected from outside threats Software Protection Programs must be protected from various threats
End Show

Hardware protection
Your computer should be equipped with A UPS(Uninterrupted Power Supplier) to avoid risk of sudden power failure and fluctuations. Surge protection safeguard against lightening and thunder. Stabilizer to control voltage.
End Show

Environmental factors to protect your computer Your computer should be kept in a dust free, Dry (moisture free), Smoke free environment.
End Show

Logical Security The software and the data in your computer can be protected by Passwords Backups

End Show

Malicious codes
The expression "malicious code" has been used by analysts to describe the category to which

Virus Worm Trojan Horse falls

End Show

Computer Viruses

A program or piece of code that is loaded onto your computer without your knowledge and runs against your wishes. All computer viruses are manmade. A computer virus attaches itself to a program or file so that it can spread from one computer to another, leaving infections as it travels. Much like human viruses, computer viruses can range in severity.

End Show

Types of computer viruses

Boot Sector Virus
File Virus Macro Virus

Multipartite Virus Polymorphic Virus

Stealth Virus

End Show

Boot Sector Virus

replaces or implants itself in the boot sector---an area of the hard drive (or any other disk) accessed when you first turn on your computer. This kind of virus can prevent you from being able to boot your hard disk.
End Show

File Virus

infects applications. These executables then spread the virus by infecting associated documents and other applications whenever they're opened or run.
End Show

Macro Virus
Written using a simplified macro programming language, these viruses affect Microsoft Office applications A document infected with a macro virus generally modifies a pre-existing, commonly used command (such as Save) to trigger its payload upon execution of End Show that command.

Multipartite Virus

infects both files and the boot sector--a double shot that can reinfect your system dozens of times before it's caught.

End Show

Polymorphic Virus

changes code whenever it passes to another machine; in theory these viruses should be more difficult for antivirus scanners to detect, but in practice they're usually not that well written.
End Show

Stealth Virus

hides its presence by making an infected file not appear infected, but doesn't usually stand up to antivirus software.

End Show

Worm

Worms spread from computer to computer, A worm takes advantage of file or information transport features on your system, which allows it to travel unaided. The biggest danger with a worm is its capability to replicate itself on your system

End Show

A Trojan Horse

It will appear to be useful software but will actually do damage once installed or run on your computer. When a Trojan is activated the results can vary. Some Trojans are designed to be more annoying than malicious (like changing your desktop, adding silly active desktop icons) they can cause serious damage by deleting files and destroying information on your system.
End Show

Precautions to Protect the computer systems

Avoid infected disks and flash drives. Avoid downloading infected executable file. Be careful when opening e-mails with unfamiliar addresses. Use the latest version of an anti virus program and run it regularly.
End Show

Anti virus program

A utility that searches storage devices for viruses and removes any that are found. Scanning software looks for a virus in one of two ways

If it's a known virus it is removed from your system. In the case of new viruses it quarantines (isolates) the questionable program.

End Show

Some popular anti virus software

Norton Mcafee Symantec PC cillin AVG Norman Dr.Solomon's

End Show

Firewall software

A firewall is a system that prevents unauthorized use and access to your computer. A firewall can be either hardware or software.The most popular firewall choice is a software firewall.

End Show

Spy ware

A general term for a program that secretly monitors your actions. While they are sometimes evil, like a remote control program used by a hacker, software companies have been known to use spy ware to gather data about customers.

End Show

Health and Safety Issues

Ergonomics & health issues Repetitive Stress Injuries Eye Strains Electro-Magnetic Field (EMF) exposure
End Show

To avoid Repetitive Stress Injuries

The keyboard should be at elbow height, and at a distance and angle that allow you to keep your wrists straight. If your chair doesn't have arms, use a pillow to support your arms. Adjust your chair so that your feet are flat on the ground and your hips are slightly higher than your knees
End Show

To avoid Repetitive Stress Injuries contd

Keep your feet flat on the floor. Don't slouch(bend). Keep your head in a "neutral" position Relieve neck strain by looking back over your shoulder while sitting up straight. Hold for 10 seconds, then slowly turn and look the other way. Relax shoulders by rolling them backwards and forwards. Reduce muscle tension in your hands by spreading your fingers wide apart. Hold, and then make a tight fist
End Show

To avoid Eye Strains

Your head should be about 18 - 30 inches from the monitor. Blink frequently so your eyes don't get dry. Clean the screen every once in a while to remove dust that has become one with your screen due to static electricity. Refocus your eyes every ten minutes or so by looking away from the computer and briefly focusing on an object at least 20 feet away. End Show

Electro-Magnetic Field (EMF) exposure Take frequent breaks away from the computer Sit at arms length from the System and the Monitor Use a flat panel display
End Show

The End