Precast Drainage Structure Design

Donald Lepley, P.E. Manager Technical Resources

Olny srmat poelpe can raed tihs: I cdnuolt blveiee taht I cluod aulaclty uesdnatnrd waht I was rdanieg. The phaonmneal pweor of the hmuan mnid, aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosn't mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoatnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer be in the rghit pclae. The rset can be a taotl mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit a porbelm. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe. Amzanig huh? yaeh and I awlyas tghuhot slpeling was ipmorantt!
Cambridge University

Slide 2 -

Pipe Design

History of Concrete Pipe Design

1910 - 1917

Anson Marston developed load theory. Defined the 4 traditional beddings A, B, C & D.

1920S & 30s

Spangler and Marston developed rational method for concrete pipe design which is still currently used today. The 3EB 0.01-inch crack was established as a standard test.

1951

ACPA publishes first design handbook.

1970

ACPA publishes Concrete Pipe Design Manual. Embarks on long-range research program.

History of Concrete Pipe Design

1970 - 85

Heger & McGrath developed finite element analysis - SPIDA. Soil Pipe Interaction Design and Analysis Identified conservatism in earlier research. Developed 4 distinct Standard Installations.

1985 - 90

Trial installations in Ohio with instrumentation confirms SPIDA. Modern SIDD program is developed.

1993

DD 40, CP Technology Handbook & ASCE 15-93 are published

1996

SAMM vs. Standard Installations

Standard Installations 93

SAMM - circa 30 *
Zero

active lateral pressure for trench installations

Active lateral pressure is present Heger pressure dist. assumes voids in the haunches

Marston

assumes a uniform bedding support

and compaction of bedding materials is not quantified

Type

Type and compaction of bedding materials as per USCS & AASHTO

* Spangler & Marston Method

SAMM vs. Standard Installations

SAMM - circa 1930 *
Limited

Standard installations 1993

Pipe

choices available to design pipe bedding factors represent technology available at that time

can be designed to known field conditions factors represent todays technology and construction practices

Conservative

Bedding

* Spangler & Marston Method

Define the loads on the pipe

Highway Railroad

Aircraft
Construction Equipment Material stockpiles & silos

HS-20
Loading

AASHTO 17th Edition sec. 3.7 & 6.4

Cooper E80
Loading

Aircraft
Loading

Construction
Loading

Mtl. Stockpile
Loading

Rigid Pipe

Traffic Load

Earth Load
Final Backfill

Haunching

R1

Initial Backfill

Bedding

Foundation
Slide 23 -

R2

L
B.F. = M1/M2

M1

M2

R
3 - Edge Bearing
Slide 24 -

R
In Situ

Three-Edge-Bearing

Applied Load

Test Specimen

Support
Slide 26 -

60 ASTM C-76 Class IV 8

D0.01 = 2000 DULT = 3000 Total Load = {(Pipe ID) / 12} X (8) X (Pipe Class)

Total Load Required:

D0.01 = (60/12)(8)(2000)
= 80,000 lbs. DULT = (60/12)(8)(3000)

= 120,000 lbs.
Slide 27 -

Tension

Tension

Tension

Tension

Slide 28 -

Double Circular

Single Circular

Slide 29 -

Circular Plus Elliptical

Single Elliptical

BOX CULVERTS

Multi bbl Culvert

Defining some terms

Finished Grade
Height

Span

Rise

Fill

Invert Elevation
Bedding Material

Span x Rise
(8x4 box = 8 span x 4 rise)

42 sizes between 3x2 and 12x12

Reinforcing

Reinforcing
AS1

AS2

AS4

`````` AS3

Reinforcing
AS6(LONG) AS5(LONG) AS7

AS2

AS1

AS4

AS1 - M Distance

Reinforcin g

PRECAST MANHOLES

Typical Lift Station Sizes & Details

How they stack up!

Cone

Riser

Base

96 x 96 Tee w/ 48 riser

Designed and Constructed per ASTM C-478 Flexible Connectors (Sanitary) Preformed Inverts (Sanitary) Interior Coatings or Linings available (Sanitary)

Exterior Coatings as required

Governing Specifications

ASTM C-478
ASTM C-443 ASTM C-990 ASTM C-923 ASTM C-1478 ASTM C-497 ASTM C-1244

Manhole Sections
Joints and Rubber Gaskets Joints and Mastic Joint Sealers Resilient Connectors (sanitary) Resilient Connectors (storm) Test Methods for Pipe & MHs MH Vacuum Test

ASTM C-76

ASTM C-478

Depth

Depth

Questions