Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Chapter 24 - 1
Contents
24.1 Types of these presses 24.2 Press frame materials 24.3 Frame deflection and deflection energy 24.4 Eccentric and crank press drives 24.5 Calculating the parameters 24.6 Example 24.7 Application of eccentric and crank presses 24.8 Exercise
Chapter 24 - 2
Chapter 24 - 3
Figure 24.1 Press frames. a) gap frame, b) open-back frame, c) straight-side frame
Chapter 24 - 4
Gap-frame presses
the press frame is made in one piece and is shaped like a C.
also known as a C frame or overhanger.
Chapter 24 - 5
Chapter 24 - 6
Chapter 24 - 7
Open-back presses
Double-sided frame. Two parallel side columns The crankshaft mounted parallel to the front edge supported on both sides in the walls of the columns. The ram drive between the walls of the columns (Figure 24.3).
Chapter 24 - 8
Chapter 24 - 9
Straight-side presses
Double-sided frame O frame. For small presses the side columns and the head
are permanently connected (welded).
Chapter 24 - 11
Chapter 24 - 12
c) good processability, d) good shock absorption. grey cast iron frames are often used in the serial production of smaller presses.
Chapter 24 - 13
Chapter 24 - 14
Chapter 24 - 15
The disadvantages of a steel construction the poor shock absorption the complex stress relief annealing
be carried out after welding.
Chapter 24 - 16
Chapter 24 - 17
resistance to deflection C
The resistance to deflection C of a press frame
Accordingly, a difference is made between rigid presses (with a high C) non-rigid presses (with a low C). Permissible frame deflections for medium-sized machines are around fperm 0.1 mm/100 mm throat a (Figure 24.5).
Chapter 24 - 18
Chapter 24 - 19
Chapter 24 - 20
Figure 24.7 Drive of a gap-frame eccentric press with transmission gear. 1 press frame, 2 valve, 3 and 5 clutch and brake, 4 flywheel, 6 transmission gear, 7 electric shaft, 8 eccentric bush for stoke length adjustment, 9 roundheaded bolt to adjust stroke position, 10 load limiting device, 11 ram, 12 cover (Illustration from Weingarten works, Weingarten, Germany)
Chapter 24 - 21
Figure 24.8 Crank press. 1 flywheel, 2 crankshaft, 3 protective cover, 4 ram, 5 press column, 6 bottom platen
Chapter 24 - 22
24.4.1 Clutches
Clutches very important to keep the press and operator safe. must disconnect the connection
between the flywheel and the eccentric shaft or crankshaft.
When the press is deactivated.
is coupled to a brake
In order for this shaft to stop immediately.
Clutches are categorised as (form-closed, positive) driving clutches; (force-closed, non-positive) friction clutches.
Chapter 24 - 23
1. Driving clutches
Types (according to driver) bolt clutch rolling key clutch
used the most in older machines.
tangential key clutch. Disadvantages run very roughly have long operating times
Figure 24.9 Rolling key clutch (clutch disengaged), a) pawl, b) threaded bush, c) fastening bolt, d) supporting lever, e) locking lever, f) 1 latch, g) feather key, h) locking ring, I) 2 latch, k) tension spring, 1) nose of rolling key, m) cam, n) release lever, o) locking bolt, p) shift linkage
Chapter 24 - 24
2. Friction clutches
Usage
mainly used today.
The contact pressure force is supplied either pneumatically or hydraulically. Advantages run quietly short operating times. safe against overload
as they transmit a very precise, adjustable limiting moment M.
Figure 24.10 Single-disc functional clutch with brake, a) brake open, b) brake closed, c) clutch engaged, d) clutch disengaged
Chapter 24 - 25
Figure 24.11 Pneumatic singledisc clutch/brake system. 1 flywheel, 2 clutch, 3 brake, 4 pneumatic piston
Chapter 24 - 26
Chapter 24 - 27
spring releases.
Chapter 24 - 29
When there is an overload the dog moves out of the horizontal position and the pivoted lever is released.
Figure 24.14 Release lock. a) ball socket b) pivoted lever c) dog d) disc springs
Chapter 24 - 30
2.2 Hydraulic safety device in the bottom platen similar principle to the pneumatic safety device a hydraulic piston is built into the bottom platen.
Figure 24.15 The principle of a pneumatic press safety device, a) limit switch, b) air inlet, c) ram, d) bolster plate
Chapter 24 - 31
Chapter 24 - 32
Figure 24.17 Layout of eccentric bush and eccentric pin on presses with adjustable stroke. a) eccentric shaft, b) eccentric pin, c) eccentric bush, y eccentricity of the eccentric bush, x eccentricity between the eccentric pin and the shaft
Chapter 24 - 33
Chapter 24 - 34
Chapter 24 - 35
Chapter 24 - 36
Chapter 24 - 37
the nominal press force is available from a crank angle of 30 before BDC. smaller when > 30. reaches a minimum at = 90 (sin 90= 1). maximum is at the BDC at = 0 (sin 0= 0), i.e. at the BDC the force approaches infinity.
Chapter 24 - 38
Chapter 24 - 39
Chapter 24 - 40
Chapter 24 - 41
Chapter 24 - 42
Chapter 24 - 43
Chapter 24 - 44
24.6 Example
Chapter 24 - 45
Chapter 24 - 46
Chapter 24 - 47
Homework: 1,3,4,5,6
24.8 Exercise on Chapter 24 1. What kinds of frame construction are there for eccentric and crank presses? 2. Why is the press frames resistance to deflection of great importance? 3. What kinds of drive are there for eccentric and crank presses? 4. What kinds of clutches are there for crank presses? 5. What load-limiting safety devices do you know? 6. How is the ram stroke length adjusted on an eccentric press? 7. How is an eccentric press protected against overload? 8. What different types of eccentric and crank press construction are there?
Chapter 24 - 49