Advanced Onsite Hydrogen Generation Solutions for Power Generating Stations

Proton Energy Systems

Company Highlights
Proton Founded in August of 1996 Shipped first HOGEN generator to NASA 1998 More than 1,500 HOGEN systems are in operation in more than 65 countries.

Proton Energy Systems Assembly Floor, Wallingford, Connecticut

Global Presence
Over 10 years of export experience Thousands of systems shipped 65 countries Every Continent

Global Support

Worldwide Service and Support Team

GCC Countries Middle East/ North Africa India Mexico Brazil China Europe Southeast Asia Australia

Regionally based Factory-Trained Dealers 24 Hour Technical Support Site Supervision Services Factory and/or Field Training In-House Code and Hydrogen Safety Experts Dedicated Applications Engineer for Each Project.

India Support

MVS is a Proton partner in India Main Sales and Technical Service office in New Delhi, India Factory trained engineering staff Installation, start up, and repair capabilities

Military Hardware Supplier

Bipolar PEM Electrolysis for Submarine Life Support

U.S.A., France, and U.K. navies are replacing their KOH electrolyzers With PEM electroyzers supplied with Proton PEM stacks

Same technology used for military Is used for commercial systems

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Bipolar PEM & KOH Technology Comparison

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Electrolysis of Water, circa 1800:

Effect first discovered by William Nicholson, English chemist

2H2O(l) 2H2(g) + O2(g)

William Nicholson, ca. 1812

Oxygen gas (O2) forms at anode

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Hydrogen gas (H2) forms at cathode

Engraving by T. Blood after a portrait painted by Samuel Drummond (1765-1844)

So What is KOH Electrolysis?

Electrochemical Process that uses a liquid electrolyte of KOH (potassium hydroxide) Splits Water s base elements Harmful Chemicals are used Produces Hydrogen and Oxygen from Electricity and Water Must maintain a balanced pressure between hydrogen and oxygen Limited start and stop times

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KOH MSDS Analysis

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KOH MSDS

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Two Main Types of Low Temp Electrolysis Alkaline & Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM)
Liquid electrolyte vs. solid membrane
H2 O2
(+) (-)

DC Power

Liquid Electrolyte (KOH)

Separator

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Development of Bipolar PEM Electrolysis

Initial PEM innovators Grubb & Neidrach, GE Research, 1955
PEM Electrolysis
Oxygen
Proton Exchange Membrane Solid Electrolyte
Anode

PEM Fuel Cell

Water
H

Proton Exchange Membrane Solid Electrolyte

Cathode

Cathode

F C

F C O R f

F C F

F C F

F C O R f SO3H

F C F

O
H

Anode

F C

F C O R f

F C F

F C F

F C O R f SO3H

F C F

Hydrogen

O O

+ F + + + +
eee-

H H

SO3H

+
eee-

+ +
ee-

+ F + + + +
eee-

SO3H

+
eeElectric load

+ +
ee-

e-

O O
Oxygen

e-

e-

Power Supply

O
H

Water

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So What is Bipolar PEM Electrolysis?

Electrochemical Process that uses a solid electrolyte Splits Water s base elements Zero Harmful Chemicals or Emissions Produces Hydrogen and Oxygen from Electricity and Water High Pressure (165 bar+) with no mechanical compressors Very fast start and response times

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Nafion MSDS

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Nafion MSDS

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How Does Bipolar PEM Electrolysis Work?

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Technology differences PEM Technology / KOH water electrolysis

Hydrogen Generation by PEM Technology Water Electrolysis via HOGEN Hydrogen Generators
Does not contain any asbestos No special personal protective gear to maintain and operate Can be installed in general purpose ventilated area, does not create hazard area classification per NEC (IEC) when installed in accordance with IEC60079-10 Zone 2E
System continuous and automatic turndown capability in the range of 100% to 0% net product output.

Hydrogen Generation via Alkaline (KOH) type water electrolysis

Some systems are known to contain asbestos Special personal protective gear needed to handle KOH Must be installed in a Class 1 DIV II Area

Most systems do not have turn down ratio of 100% to 0%

Can be started and stopped indefinitely Does not require nitrogen for inert purging

Every system stop shortens life of the system (corrosion) Some require nitrogen for inert purging at shutdown and/or start up.

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Technology differences PEM Technology / KOH water electrolysis

System employs differential pressure design (high pressure hydrogen, ambient oxygen) to eliminate risks associated with: Explosion of oxygen gas leaking into product hydrogen Handling/fire risk of high pressure oxygen Expensive oxygen monitoring equipment in product gas System employs balanced pressure design (high pressure hydrogen and high pressure Oxygen) risks associated with: Explosion of oxygen gas leaking into product hydrogen Handling/fire risk of high pressure oxygen Expensive oxygen monitoring equipment in product gas must be

designed for and managed The only possible impurity of significance in product hydrogen due to the principles of physics is H2Ov No need for back up power supply to safely shutdown
System is integrated into a single package consisting of all controls, hydrogen production, rectifiers, and purification.

Possible impurities of significant risk in product hydrogen stream include: KOH, O2. Requires back up power system to safely shut down Most Systems consists of 3 separate packages consisting of
controls, hydrogen production, rectifiers, and purification. Sometimes these packages have to be located separately. Rectifiers have to go into an unclassified area for example, away from the hydrogen production which is located in the hazardous area it creates.

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PEM versus KOH Summary

PEM No hazardous materials or chemicals Contains high purity water only Long component life Safe for operators and service technicians Easy to maintain and service, no caustic solution to drain and refill Low Maintenance Typical maintenance less than 4 hours per year Any repair can be completed in 1 hour or less Caustic Caustic chemicals (KOH) required Corrosive to components Possible asbestos contentknown carcinogen and banned in many countries Eye and skin hazard. Extreme caution required in handling Special purification equipment required Overboard discharges possible with expensive damage to downstream components High Maintenance Some require 39 hours of maintenance Per year and increase as corrosion damages components Process component repair may require draining of caustic and extensive downtime.

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PEM & KOH Maintenance

PEM Low Maintenance Typical maintenance less than 4 hours per year Any repair can be completed in 1 hour or less Caustic High Maintenance Some require 39 hours of maintenance Per year and increase as corrosion damages components Process component repair may require draining of caustic and extensive downtime.

Failure to Perform Maintenance will result with safe shutdown.

Failure to Perform Maintenance can result with serious risk safety to life and property.

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Bipolar PEM Technology and Systems Designed For Power Plants

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The Technology
PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) is at the heart of the technology

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The PEM Electrolysis Process

At the anode, water molecules are split using electricity, forming oxygen, and hydrogen ions.

Protons flow through the membrane, while the formed oxygen is released. Electrons travel through the circuit.

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The PEM Electrolysis Process

At the cathode, the electrons and hydrogen ions combine to form hydrogen gas.
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Anode: 2H2O ---> 4H+ + 4e- + O2 Cathode: 4e- + 4H+ ---> 2H2 Overall: 2H2O ---> 2H2+ O2

Technology and Systems

Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA)

Cell stack H2 Generator

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Products for the Power Industry

HOGENTMHydrogen Generators Hydrogen Control Systems

S Series

H Series

StableFlow

TM

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HOGEN Product Range

HOGEN H Series HOGEN S-Series

0.265, 0.53, 1.05 Nm3/hr @ 13.8 barg 99.9995%, < 5 ppm H2O

2, 4, 6 Nm3/hr 15 or 30 barg 99.9995%, <5 ppm H2O

cTUVus (UL and CSA equivalent), CE (PED, ATEX, LVD, Mach. Dir., EMC)

C SERIES HOGEN Hydrogen Generator

C-Series 10 Nm3/hr 20 Nm3/hr 30 Nm3/hr 30 bar g pressure 99.9998% purity, < 2ppm H2O, -72C Conforms to ISO 22734-1
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Integrated Design Hazards Classification

Hydrogen Production

Controls and Rectification

Integrated design allows for simple installation

Front View Doors Open

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C SERIES HOGEN Hydrogen Generator

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C SERIES HOGEN Hydrogen Generator Fluids Enclosure

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C SERIES HOGEN Hydrogen Generator Rectifier Enclosure

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HOGEN S Series
TM

Features: 200 240 VAC, 1ph Air Cooled Fully Integrated Design Network Ready Hydrogen: 24 NM3/day production 99.9995% purity -65 degrees C dew point 15 barg

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Advanced Technology Means We do the Heavy Lifting

We ship a product ready to go to work, not a container of parts

Fully assembled and tested Engineered and drop-tested packaging Easy placement and commissioning

Clean PEM Technology Safety Means Lower Engineering Costs

Low hydrogen inventory- ATEX compliant
Unclassified Zone, Explosion-proof fixtures not required

No hazardous materials
No Containment dams, emergency showers, mixing equipment, disposal considerations. cTUVus (UL and CSA equivalent), CE (PED, ATEX, LVD, Mach. Dir., EMC

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HOGEN H Series
TM

Features: 380 480 VAC, 3ph Water Cooled Fully Integrated Design Network Ready Hydrogen: 2, 4, or 6 Nm3/hr 99.9995% purity -65 degrees C dew point 15/30 barg

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Hydrogen Generator Interface Connections

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Hydrogen Generator Operator Interface

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Hydrogen Generator Remote Operator Interface

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HOGEN H Series Generator

Maintenance Requirements
CG Calibration & Air Filter Inspection/90 days 15 Minutes Annual Maintenance Hardware & Filter Changes ~4 hours

Cost of Hydrogen Generation

$0.93 per 100 scf ($0.35 per Nm3)
(including maintenance & electricity $0.04/ kWh)

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Typical Power Plant Implementation

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Integrated System Options for India

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StableFlow Hydrogen Control System

The Physics Behind the Solution

Air is the most likely impurity to affect hydrogen density
Air is 14.4 times as dense as hydrogen
Example: Hydrogen with a purity level of 97.0% and the balance of impurity being air at 3% will have the following affect on gas density. [(0.97 x 1) + (0.03 x 14.4)] x 100 =

140.2 % change in density

StableFlow - Mathematical Example 340 MW Generator 140 kW windage loss per % purity 8000 operating hours per year 1133 MWhr = $45,000 per year based $40/MWhr For every 1% Purity Improvement & Stablized with StableFlow HCS

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See complete article supplied titled, Seals from Aerospace

Windage loss per % H2 Purity

Windage loss Curves

The Physics Behind the Solution As presented by Yokogawa

Effects of Hydrogen Purity
5000
Dollars per day

4000 3000 2000 1000 0 88 90

Larger units Smaller units

92

94

96

98

100

102

% Volume concentration

StableFlow - Effect on Purity

TM

Hydrogen Purity

100

Desired Purity

99.9%

99

98

Actual Purity

% Purity

97

97% AVG

96

95

94

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11

12

13

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15

16

17

18

19

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Number of days

StableFlow - Effect on Purity & Dew Point

TM

StableFlow - Effect on Dew Point

TM

VS

StableFlow

TM

Features: 120 240 VAC, 1ph, 50/60Hz Fully Integrated Design 4-20mA output Network Ready Hydrogen control: > 99% purity < -20 degrees C dew point Stable Pressure

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2 x HOGEN H6m at NTPC Vindhyachal

2 x HOGEN H6m at NTPC Vindhyachal

Mechanical and Electrical Connections for HOGENs at NTPC Vindhyachal

Mechanical Connec,ons: H2 product at 15 bar, H2 vent at ambient (no O2 connec,on required, demin water, demin service drain

Electrical Connec,ons: AC Power, remote monitoring via Ethernet cable, remote shutdown signal

Power Plant Installation GE Energy, Qatar

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Power Plant Installation Doha, Qatar Ras Abu Fontas

Hydrogen Compressor

Onsite Hydrogen Generators And Chillers Gas Storage System

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Power Plant Installation Deming, NM

Onsite Hydrogen Generator Gas Storage System

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Power Plant Installation Compostilla, Spain

Onsite Hydrogen Generator

Hydrogen Control System

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A Fully Integrated Design That Meets International Safety Standards

A HOGEN hydrogen generator does not create a hazardous environment according to NFPA and ISO hydrogen safety codes and standards
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Power Plant Installation Dickerson, MD

Onsite Hydrogen Generator

Hydrogen Control System

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Power Plant Installation Doha, Qatar Quatalum

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Power Plant Installation Cairo, Egypt

El Kureimat

Onsite Hydrogen Generator

Hydrogen Compressor
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Thank You

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