Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Page |2
CHAPTER NO: 1
Introduction to the Institutional Training Understanding the organizational environment is imperative because organizational effectiveness is largely determined by how well it is able to access and manage its environment. Institutional Training is important to learn corporate practices in line with the theories during the MBA program and it is an essential requirement and integral part of the curriculum for successful completion of the MBA programmer. For that I visited the company. During the training period information has been collected regarding the organizational environment in reality also information regarding the aspects of management functions. In this report the information listed regarding the institutional training as comparing the theories that has been discussed in the regular classes and the actual practices prevailing in the business environment and found out the reason for the deviations.
Page |3
Page |4
Page |5
VARIOUS CATEGORIES
Indian textile industry can be divided into several segments, some of which can be listed as below:
Cotton Textiles Readymade Garments T-shirt, Mens wear, Ladies Wear, Boys Wear, Girls Wear, Kids Wear
Page |6
INDUSTRY LEADER
Textile industry leaders in (India) Eastern Silk Industries Ltd S.Kumaran Nationwide Ltd(Sknl) Rajanarayan Export Pvt Ltd Lewanet Hemant India Ltd
MARKET SHARE
The proportion of industry sales of a good or services that is controlled by a company.some investors organization with relatively large market share because they are generally less likely to be squeezed by competitors. The Market share for used textile garments is approximately 20 percent of the total market for textile garments. As outlined earlier, the textile industry is undergoing a mild recession and becoming more competitive. Therefore, the industry prefers to install quality used textiles machinery in anticipation of growth in global demand. This is expected to accelerate the demand for used textile garments. Import Market 75 85 100 15% 2009 import market shares: U.S. 0; Germany 20%; Switzerland 25%; Norway 10%; and
Netherlands
15%.
Page |7
MARKET PERFORMANCE
The performance apparel market is one that has been a healthy segment of the larger textile complex. This market has exhibited many signs of growth due to an increase in public awareness of healthier lifestyles which comes with an up-tick in the number of consumers who exercise regularly. Adding to the increase in exercise is the increase in the efforts of the industry to provide the apparel the consumer wants. This is taking form in technological and stylistic advancements in the clothing being used as compared to the traditional clothing for exercise in years past. As performance increases for the products, the competition grows to become the best in order to capture the growing market which is accustomed to features in addition to function. The best way to look at the landscapes of this market is to have a look at the money being spent on this product in the us. The size of the us market for this product category will give some indication as to how much of an impact this product category has on the apparel and textile markets in general. One source of such information is the book Household Garments, which is a reference source that provides information on the amount of money the average American consumer is spending on all types of products.
Page |8
The market related standards are produced The development and maintenance of standards and The international standards, guidelines and recommendations are achieved.
Page |9
P a g e | 10
Established about three decades ago, at Tirupur India, Geethalaya Exports are pioneers and leaders in the manufacture and export of knitted ready-made garments. Our valuable experience in the field of quality knitted garment manufacturing helped us attain the Government of India Geethalaya Exports House status. Ever since inception, the company has profound emphasis in manufacturing quality garments and to deliver the products at the right time. Our company is also conscious of its social obligations and employees welfare measures and our social policy is fully in accordance with the laws of our country. The company has been awarded the SA 8000 certification also. The company is looking for Manager in Apparel/Clothing Industry
P a g e | 11
Established about three decades ago, at Tirupur India, Geethalaya Exports are pioneers and leaders in the manufacture and export of knitted ready-made garments. Our valuable experience in the field of quality knitted garment manufacturing, helped us attain the Government of India Recognized Export House status. Ever since inception, the company has profound emphasis in manufacturing quality garments and to deliver the products at the right time. An unerring focus on quality and quest for perfection right from the raw material to the finished product has made possible the end product truly flawless. In evidence to the quality management system pursued by us, the company has been accredited the
P a g e | 12
Target - quantitative or qualitative goals such as a sales target or Ford's goal to "democratize the automobile." Common enemy - centered on overtaking a specific firm such as the 1950's goal of Philip-Morris to displace RJR. Role model - to become like another firm in a different industry or market. For example, a cycling accessories firm might strive to become "the Nike of the cycling industry." Core Values Core Purpose
Mission:
Business Vision
Defines the fundamental purpose of an organization or an enterprise, succinctly describing why it exists and what it does to achieve its Vision. It is sometimes used to set out a 'picture' of the organization in the future. A mission statement provides details of what is done and answers the question: "What do we do?" For example, the charity might provide "job training for the homeless and unemployed" The mission statement communicates the firm's core ideology and visionary goals, generally consisting of the following three components: 1. 2. Core values to which the firm is committed Core purpose of the firm
P a g e | 13
3.
P a g e | 14
P a g e | 15
P a g e | 16
P a g e | 17
P a g e | 18
P a g e | 19
Chairman
Managing Director
Board of Director
Production
Finance Manager
Marketing Manager
HR Manager
Purchase Manager
Employees
P a g e | 20
DEPARTMENTS
Knitwear & Garments Production Department Finance department Personal Department Marketing Department Export department
P a g e | 21
PANTS
No other company offers a chef pant with this much style and comfort. Our exclusive yarn dyed chef pants are so soft and easy to work in, theyre quickly becoming the number one choice in kitchens across the country Now that we offer them in more colors and nine exciting new patterns, the number of different looks you can create is endless. And since we manufacture every garment we sell; only Uncommon Threads can deliver the quality and selection you want at an unbeatable value
P a g e | 22
P a g e | 23
CHAPTER NO: 4 LEARNING AND FINDING FROM THE COMPANY KNITWEAR & GARMENTS
The knitwear industry has made tremendous strides within the state and has emerged as a major export earner. For instance, Tirupur itself accounts for nearly 70% of the knitwear exports of about Rs.3621 crores in 1996-97. This sector accounts for nearly 13% of the textile production of the country and is reserved for the small scale sector. Against 2696 million Esq. produced in 1989-90 by this sector, the production in 1996-97 was about 5102 million Esq. nearly 16% of the country's fabric production. There are nearly 7000 hosiery units in the country. Government will encourage the growth of this industry by providing necessary physical infrastructure. Government will also encourage setting up of spinning units dedicated to the production of hosiery T-Shirt. As a forward linkage to the power loom sector Government will set up Garment Export Parks(s) in the state to encourage the power loom sector to produce fabrics to meet the requirements of garment exporters. Production of blended power loom fabrics in fibres other than cotton will be encouraged by funding design and development efforts by recognized institutions, particularly, silk fabrics for export. Production of industrial fabrics including filter fabrics, canvas geo-textiles, non-wovens, etc,. Will also be encouraged by funding design and development efforts by recognized institutions.
P a g e | 24
PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT
P a g e | 25
PRODUCTION FACILITIES
India and Barudan & Japan 25 knitting machines including many fully computerised jacquards and stripers, wide with jersy. 15000 kgs/day knit Fabric dyeing and printing plant & Embroidery machines using 100% recycled waste water Nine plants with modular sewing lines with our 2300 sewing machines in india & Barudan & Japan 500 heads computerised embroidery. Our 350000 sq. Lt. Tloor space Our 3500 employees
compacting machine
P a g e | 26
Embroidery machines
Printing.
pressing or ironing
Packing
export
DYEING DIVISION
Immature cotton or waxes present in the yarn will prevent the dyes to stick to the cloth. Therefore, they have to undergo acid wash i.e. washing the cloth with acid. After Acid wash the pores in the cloth will be clear and that when the cloth is dyed the dyes stick properly in the cloth so that the color does not fade. Dyeing is done by adding normal salt and that sodium Chloride acts as a catalyst and then soda Ash (Sodium Carbonate (Na Co)) and the Dyes. Red, Blue, Yellow, Orange- theses dyes are mixed to give different shades, except Black. The colors are mixed percentage-wise. Dyeing is done for two different cloths polyester and cotton double dyeing. The machine used for dyeing FONGS. At a time, 750kgs of cloth can be dyed in the machine
P a g e | 27
Cutting is done both manually and also by machine. Recently a new machine named LECTRA, SPERADER, cutter is being imported from jermane, which costs 2.5 crore. This machine does the cutting of 1.20 lakhs pieces per day.
KNITTING DIVISIONS
After weaving, the most prevalent method of fabric construction is knitting. Its popularity has grown tremendously over the recent years. Today, knitting is a very big industry which has two main divisions. One division manufactures knitted goods for apparel production, sewing centers, consumers and others. The other division manufactures finished apparel such as hosiery, sweaters and underwear. The knitted fabric has the advantage of stretch ability which provides fit and comfort. It also gives warmth. At the same time, they are porous and provide breathing comfort. It is light in weight and wrinkle- resistant. However, certain specialized techniques like Pak- nit or Permasized have to be used so that it may not shrink too much. Also, care should be taken so that not a single loop breaks. If even one loop breaks, a hole is made and it starts running. This disadvantage can be eliminated by variation in the stitch that protects the fabric from traveling. The kind and quality of the needle also affect the quality of the knitted fabric. Different kinds of needles are used in knitting latch needle, spring- beard needle, compound needle etc.
P a g e | 28
Data color
Spectroflash 450X
P a g e | 29
Color Measuring r DCI Match Color Color Matching Auto lab 72 Combo Automatic Dye Dispenser AHIBA NUANCE ECO IR Dyeing Machine
COMPACTING MACHINE
All processed fabrics are pre-shrunk so that the garments that we craft stay in shape. For this the processing unit is equipped with the latest compacting machine from Tubetex USA.
EMBROIDERY MACHINES
P a g e | 30
Embroidery is an ancient variety of decorative needlework in which designs and pictures are created by stitching strands of some material on to a layer of another material. Most embroidery uses thread or wool stitched onto a woven fabric, but the stitches could be executed in, for example, wire or leather strands, and embroidery can be worked onto many materials. Non-woven traditional materials include leather and felt, but modern textile artists embroider on many non-traditional materials such as plastic sheeting. Often, specific embroidery stitches are used.
PRINTING
The different types of printing being done in this action are plain. Chest Print, photo print, reactive print, discharge print, Garment wash, Stone wash print, Transfer print, Acid wash and all over print, ete. They are mainly doing chest printing. PRINTING PROCESS First process is film exposing here they are using frames and nylon or polyester skins for exposing the film. The photo sensitive Emerson is coated on skin. The film exposing may be manual or using machineries. Artist design Develop the frame Film exposing Colour alteration Printing the design
P a g e | 31
They are using two types of machine all hours machine and S-type machine. In using all hours machine they are printing 500 pieces per hour. Using S-type machine they are printing 700 pieces per hour
PRESSING OR IRONING
They are using vacuum processing table and steam iron boxes. There are 50 ironing machines. The boiler inside the machine, which produces steam, is used for ironing. They are using two types of boiler Electronic boiler Gas boiler
PACKING
Packing is done according to the wish of the buyer. There are two types of packing Assortment packing Single packing
P a g e | 32
Assortment packing means about 10-15 pieces or customer chossies are packed in one poly bag. Whereas single packing means each item is packed in a polythene bag separately with a photo layer.
EXPORT
After the packing is done, they are fillrd up in a large carton boxes and then they are sealed. They are kept for inspection, before being sent to the port. Any authorized person from the buyers side will come in for inspection. That person will check up the number of boxes and will randomly ask to open box to check up the materials. After inspection, the boxes (or) materials are ready, to be sent to the port through roadways.
Machines Used In Sewing Unit Catalog Over lock Scalap-tee Singer Neck piping Peak tuck
P a g e | 33
FINANCE DEPARTMENT
FINANCE DEPARTMENT
This is the major department of the company. Finance department is located with the factory. It prepares different kinds of financial reports and gives information to management for decision-making purposes.
P a g e | 34
Finance department prepares the Income statements, Balance sheet, Trail balance, Cash flows, Production report for the whole month, stock taking report yield comparison report etc. these all reports are helpful for the management to make production plan, financing decisions and other important matters. The head of the department in finance manager. He is a chartered accountant.
P a g e | 35
* * * *
Payables, contractors, misc. In this section usually payables are paid to the suppliers of all goods including stationary, maintenance goods, cement etc. payable is made according to the contract and according to the instructions of the CEO. Bill of the supplier, inspection & receipt note, store purchase. Journal voucher is received after inspection by store dept to this section and then bill is paid according to the due date.
Right share
Right share are issued when there is a need of long-term financing. The directors in the Board of directors meetings issue right shares. These are announced in the newspapers, stock exchange and letters are issued to authorized banks for collection of money. Foreign investors are called Non-Resident and special letters are issued to non-resident shares holders
P a g e | 36
to inform about right share issuance. State Bank of India approves the issuance of right shares to the non- residents.
Dividend
Dividend is decided in the board of directors meeting and percentage is decided on each share. Geethalaya Exports Tirupur posts dividends warrants to share holders at their home addresses. In reply, shareholders apply for dividends. Checks are issued to the shareholders after checking their records in register.
Store costing
Inspection receipt note, the store costing section receives bill of the related. There are checked against purchased order and Performa invoice in terms of quantity, specification, price etc. After this, a bank payment voucher is prepared and sent to payable section, which issue the checks to the related party and posted in the ledger. For import when advice from bank is received the work of store costing starts. It is recorded in L/C ledger with all expenses and the arrival of Bill of Lading. It is also recorded in ledger and payment is made to the exporter through bank.
Excise
Excise section deals with the outgoing products for issuance of Gate pass. The working of excise section starts after sale; when a loading program is received from export sale & local sale processing. According to that program, gate pass are prepared and issued to the god own keeper. After issuing Gate pass, its details are recorded in the register and then sale invoices are prepared in which actual value and sales tax value is mentioned.
Audit
The internal audit section performs three types of audit: 1. Pre-audit
P a g e | 37
Vouchers
Store purchase Journal voucher It is a voucher, which is used to record the store purchases. Bank payment voucher It is the voucher, which is used to record the payments, which are made through the bank. Bank voucher The bank uses thin voucher to record the amount from the credit advice, which is issued. Journal voucher It is issued to record the entry in the books of account. Sales journal voucher It is used to record the sales & sales tax. Cash payment voucher It is used to pay the amount in cash Head office cash receipt This receipt is used to record the proceeds of sales Bank receipt When cash or check are deposited for credit to Geethalaya Exports Tirupur. Account, the bank issue a credit advice and that is attached with the voucher
P a g e | 38
HUMAN RESOURCE
HUMAN RESOURCE
P a g e | 39
Personal activities
There is a separate personal department, which performs personal functions in factory. Recruitment and selection The personal department helps the upper level management in selecting employees. Vacancies are filled on the basis o experience, competency and capacity.
Sources of recruitment
Internal sources If some vacancies are vacant and some junior person fulfills the condition then he is promoted to that seat. External source There are following methods of external sources: Employee referrals Some jobs are fulfilled through the reference of the employees already working in the Geethalaya Exports Tirupur. Unsolicited application Some times vacancies are filled by choosing among the persons who have send the applications for the job. Advertising If there is any vacancy, an add is placed in the newspaper for that job.
P a g e | 40
Retirement age
The employee is retired at the age of 58
Job rotation
There is job rotation system in Geethalaya Exports Tirupur. In this way employees are able to learn more about the system and procedure of the organization
Fire extinguishers have been hanged on the walls to be more prominent. Incase of industrial injury, first aid is provided to the injured at the spot. The cotton is stocked in godown to prevent from fire moisture etc. No much woodwork has been carried inside the factory building.
P a g e | 41
All employees enjoy medical facilities Workers participation fund All the permanent employees are entitled to become a member. The company contributes every year some amount of profit for permanent employees. Leaves 32 leaves per annum are allowed under different categories like sick leave, causal leaves etc. Conveyance allowance The top management is provided with fully maintained cars. Conveyance allowance is provided to employees. Traveling allowance T.A is paid to the employees if they travel for the purpose of the business Housing facilities Geethalaya Exports Tirupur has set up its own housing colony where the residences are provided to employees.
P a g e | 42
MARKETING DEPARTMENT
MARKETING ACTIVITIES
Supply and trade information
P a g e | 43
Raw cotton is purchased directly from ginning factories or import on cash payment basis, the company carries around 6 months supply of raw cotton at time. The buffer stock for raw cotton is 25-30 days during lean months. Purchasing usually starts at the beginning of the season and the company emphasis on acquisition of the best possible quality of cotton each year. Cotton purchasing for on season lasts for about 4-5 months. But during last 2 years purchase process continued throughout the year. Spare parts and dyes, chemical etc are imported. Dyes and packing materials are purchased locally. The credit period for local purchases is 45 days and 15 days on dyes and packing material respectively. Polyester fiber is purchased from local manufacturer of 120150 days basis, from ICI Pakistan Limited.
Every firm has maintain its marketing intelligence system for the feed back from customers and agents etc that what has been happening in the market.
P a g e | 44
Marketing intelligence system is a set of procedures and sources used by managers to obtain their every day information about pertinent development on the marketing environment. The production staffs of Geethalaya Exports Tirupur visit the end users for gathering information about their product results and they visit to end-user to solve their problems.
Market demand
Geethalaya Exports Tirupur measures demand by adopting the following method: * * Sales representative/agent collect data of total yarn demand. Specific demands of particular count are determined and calculate the number of users of said product is calculated. Then total demand is calculated and Geethalaya Exports Tirupur plans to get maximum share from the market demand.
Marketing Mix
Marketing mix is the marketing task that the firms are to be required its objective in the target market. The marketing mix consists of everything the firm can do to influence the demand for its product. The many possibilities can be collected into four groups of variables known as the 4ps. 1- Product 2- Price 3- Place 4- Promotion
P a g e | 45
EXPORT DEPARTMENT
EXPORT DEPARTMENT
P a g e | 46
Geethalaya Exports Tirupur has major business of exports, round about 80% of total sales are from exports. As export market of Geethalaya Exports Tirupur is divided geographically into four segments, so to deal each segment a separate group op person is allocated who are responsible for all the orders of that specific territory / segment.
Export Netherlands
The process of flow of work in these sections of export departments is same, so I have explained generally the process and functions of export department. The export department is situated within the finance department. There are a lot of workers, which perform different functions.
Objectives
Following are objectives of export department: To survive in the world market To earn foreign exchange for the development of the country. Increase export for the growth of the company and the country. To increase exports for the sake to obtain incentives and privileges of excise and taxation Increase exports for obtaining the optimum reputation in the foreign markets To get the self-reliance and prosperity level of the company.
P a g e | 47
Following are the main functions of export department Getting orders from aboard Costing Making contracts Order completion one per sample Delivery of goods
PROCESS
Work in export is divided into four sections geographically for proper distribution and handling of work. Following is the brief process for all sections of export departments.
P a g e | 48
P a g e | 49
Pants
Pant with this much style and comfort. Our exclusive yarn dyed chef pants are so soft and easy to work in, theyre quickly becoming the number one choice in kitchens across the country Now that we offer them in more colors and nine exciting new patterns, the number of different looks you can create is endless. And since we manufacture every garment we sell; only Uncommon Threads can deliver the quality and selection you want at an unbeatable value
P a g e | 50
CONCLUSION
P a g e | 51
This project work in Geethalaya Exports Tirupur (India) private Ltd is aimed to study about all the functional department of the organization. The study help to provide a number of useful and valid suggestions to the company Geethalaya Exports Tirupur (India) private Ltd has a wide range of product mix. The companys products are distributed and well accepted in the market .It help to understand the different process carried in the organization for the smooth functioning of the business by collecting the necessary information The training is of immense help to develop the practical knowledge and it will be of great help of the trainees future career.
P a g e | 52
Paper No. 7, Indian Institute Of Foreign Trade, New Delhi. Bhattacharyya, B. (1999), Non-Tariff Measures On Indias Exports, An Assessment, Occasional Paper No. 16, Indian Institute Of Foreign Trade, New Delhi Chadha, Rajesh (1998), Indias Export Performance: A Comparison With East Asian Countries, In Agarwal, Manmohan, Alokesh Barua, Sandwip Kumar Das And Manoj Pant, Indian Economy In Transition, Environmental And Development Issues,Har-Anand Publications, New Delhi.