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(to be, verbos auxiliares, modales). Es informal. Una contraccin es la forma acortada de una palabra o una combinacin de palabras, a menudo usada cuando no queremos usar la forma completa. En estas formas cortas, las letras que faltan son substituidas por un apstrofe ('). En el ingls hablado e informal es muy comn usar las formas contradas del verbo "ser " y otros verbos auxiliares (tener, modals, etc.) Ya que stos son usados en contextos ms informales, deberan ser evitados en el ingls formal escrito.
I Do Did Am Is Are Was Were Have Has Had don't didn't 'm (not) wasn't 've - haven't 'd - hadn't
You, We, They don't didn't 're - aren't weren't 've - haven't 'd - hadn't
He, She, It doesn't didn't 's - isn't wasn't 's - hasn't 'd - hadn't
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Do, did
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Modals
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value="file=/audio/resources/miscelaneous-topics/contractions.04.mp3" /> </object> They'll never admit to it! Nunca lo van a reconocer! Chris won't accept my apologies. Chris no aceptar mis disculpas. If I had the time, I'd read more books. Si tuviera el tiempo, leera ms libros. Miss Peters shouldn't run. La seorita Peters no debera correr. This can't be happening! Esto no puede estar pasando!
Las contracciones en ingls son palabras o frases que acortamos, eliminando una o varias letras cuando nos expresamos de forma oral. En el ingls escrito, estas letras se sustituyen por un apstrofo. Ejemplo:
Nota. No debemos confundir las contracciones con las abreviaciones y acrnimos ingls. Cuando hablamos en ingls, utilizamos las contracciones de manera automtica e inconsciente. El problema radica cuando escribimos: en algunos casos no colocamos el apstrofo correctamente, y en otros lo omitimos, dando como resultado otra palabra. La mejor forma de evitar un error es: NO utilizar las contracciones; de hecho, escribir sin contracciones es la manera formal. Pero si vas a utilizar contracciones al escribir, aqu una lista de las ms utilizadas, con su respectivo ejemplo: Contracciones afirmativas
Im = I am Im looking for a good example. (Estoy buscando un buen ejemplo.) youre = you are Thats why youre so succesful! (Es por ello que eres un triunfador!) hes, shes, its = he is, she is, it is Hes the perfect applicant for the position. (El es el candidato perfecto para el puesto.) were = we are Were getting ready for the meeting. (Nos estamos preparando para la reunin.)
theyre = they are Here are the end results. Theyre amazing! (Aqu estn los resultados finales. Son asombrosos!) theres = there is If theres anything I can do for you, please let me know. (Si hay algo que pueda hacer por Usted, por favor hgamelo saber.) thats = that is Thats a good idea! (Esa es una buena idea!) lets = let us Lets start our new project. (Comencemos nuestro nuevo proyecto.) Ive = I have Ive been searching a new supplier. (He estado buscando un nuevo proveedor.) youve = you have I dont know if youve been in Paris. (No se si Usted ha estado en Pars.) weve = we have Weve been working all night long. (Hemos estado trabajando toda la noche.) youll = you will If you keep arriving late, youll be fired! (Si sigues llegando tarde, sers despedido!) well = we will Well keep in touch. (Nos mantendremos en contacto.) Id = I would Id like to make a test before it is too late. (Me gustara hacer una prueba antes de que sea demasiado tarde.) wed = we would Wed like to introduce our line of products during the Expo Challenge 2012. (Nos gustara presentar nuestra lnea de productos durante la Expo Challenge 2012.)
Contracciones negativas
arent = are not These pictures arent mine. (Estas fotos no son mias) cant = can not (cannot) The update cant be done until you have all the data. (La actualizacin no se puede hacer hasta que tengas todos los datos.) couldnt = could not This couldnt be better! (Esto no podra ser mejor!) dont = do not Dont disturb! (No molestar!) doesnt = does not The result doesnt match with the previous tests. (El resultado no coincide con las pruebas anteriores.) hadnt = had not Maria hadnt noticed that we made a change in the report. (Mara no se haba dado cuenta de que hicimos un cambio en el reporte.) wasnt = was not It wasnt my fault. (No fue mi culpa.) shouldnt = should not Laura, you shouldnt scream like that! (Laura, no deberas de gritar as!)
werent = were not They werent invited to the closing ceremony. (No fueron invitados a la clausura.) isnt = is not This new fashion isnt my style. (Esta nueva moda no es mi estilo.) hasnt = has not David hasnt the courage to quit. (David no tiene el valor de renunciar.) havent = have not The news havent showed the reality. (Las noticias no han mostrado la realidad.) mustnt = must not I mustnt play video games for more than two hours. (No debo jugar video juegos por ms de dos horas.) wouldnt = would not If I didnt have time, I wouldnt go. (Si no tuviera tiempo, no ira.) wont = will not That sentence wont make sense. (Esa oracin no tendr sentido.)
Te recomiendo tener sta lista a la mano, para evitar errores cuando redactas en ingls.
The cat lost its tail. The cat lost it is tail. (El gato perdi sto es cola.) No tiene sentido.
Ahora observa:
En donde its es un adjetivo posesivo, y significa: su o sus. Ahora veamos otro ejemplo:
Is this youre cat? Is this you are cat? (Es ste tu eres gato?) No tiene sentido.
Lo correcto es:
En donde your es un adjetivo posesivo que significa tu, tus, su, sus. Ahora veamos un ejemplo correcto:
Claudia, youre my best friend. Claudia you are my best friend. (Claudia, eres mi mejor amiga.)
Theyre not here. They are not here. (No estan aqu) Correcto!
As que recuerda: Si quieres evitar errores, escribe sin contracciones; pero si quieres utilizarlas, siempre comprueba que sean las correctas.
Ejemplos de las Contracciones en ingls: Persona Formal Contraccin Traduccin 1 SingularI am English Im English Soy ingls 2 SingularYou are tired Youre tired Ests cansado 3 SingularHe is hungry Hes hungry Tiene hambre 3 SingularShe is Australian Shes Australian Ella es australiana 3 SingularIt is Tuesday Its Tuesday Es martes 1 Plural We are at school Were at school Estamos en la escuela 2 Plural You are neighboursYoure neighboursSois vecinos 3 Plural They are waiters Theyre waiters Son camareros Cuando hablamos en el tiempo verbal presente continuo usamos el verbo TO BE como auxiliar con contracciones en ingls tambin, con el gerundio del verbo principal. Ejemplos: Persona Formal Contraccin Traduccin 1 SingularI am working Im working Estoy trabajando 2 SingularYou are working Youre working Ests trabajando 3 SingularHe is working Hes working Est trabajando 3 SingularShe is working Shes working Est trabajando 3 SingularIt is working Its working Est trabajando* 1 Plural We are working Were working Estamos trabajando 2 Plural You are working Youre working Estis trabajando 3 Plural They are workingTheyre workingEstn trabajando *Tambin puede ser funcionando (para objetos e ideas etc.)
PASADO PERFECTO
Conjugacin Contraccin
1 Sing. I have Ive I had Id 2 Sing. You have Youve You had Youd 3 Sing. He/She/It hasHes/Shes/ItsHe/She/It hadHed/Shed/Itd 1 PluralWe have Weve We had Wed 2 PluralYou have Youve You had Youd 3 PluralThey have Theyve They had Theyd
Ejemplos de las contracciones Presente Perfecto: Persona Formal 1 SingularI have worked 2 SingularYou have worked 3 SingularHe has worked 3 SingularShe has worked 3 SingularIt has worked 1 Plural We have worked 2 Plural You have worked They have 3 Plural worked Contraccin Ive worked Youve worked Hes worked Shes worked Its worked Weve worked Youve worked Traduccin He trabajado Has trabajado Ha trabajado Ha trabajado Ha trabajado* Hemos trabajado Habis trabajado
Las formas negativas a veces parecen irregulares porque no siguen la regla habitual de las contracciones normales en ingls. En la tabla de abajo no hay cambios de persona y siempre usamos el infinitivo despus. Ejemplos: Verbo ModalForma Larga Can Could Will Would Should Have Had Must Cannot Could not Will not Would not Should not Have not Had not Must not Contraccin en Negativo Cant Couldnt Wont Wouldnt Shouldnt Havent Hadnt Mustnt
Ms ejemplos la forma no cambia I can work I cannot work I cant work I could speak French I could not speak French I couldnt speak French etc.
3 SingularHe is going to Hes gonna Va a 3 SingularShe going to Shes gonna Va a 3 SingularIt is going to Its gonna Va a 1 Plural We are going to Were gonna Vamos a 2 Plural You are going to Youre gonna Vais a 3 Plural They are going toTheyre gonnaVan a Ejemplos con TO WANT: La regla de arriba sobre el uso de la palabra TO tambin funciona con el verbo WANT. Por ejemplo I want to have lunch se cambia en I wanna have lunch, sin TO. Ojo! esta contraccin en ingls no funciona en la 3 persona Persona Formal Contraccin Traduccin 1 SingularI want to I wanna Yo quiero 2 SingularYou want to You wanna T quieres 3 SingularX X X 3 SingularX X X 3 SingularX X X 1 Plural We want to We wanna Nosotros queremos 2 Plural You want to You wanna Vosotros queris 3 Plural They want toThey wanna Ellos/as quieren Y finalmente hay una contraccin en ingls, muy comn entre la gente cuando se habla de manera informal para preguntar algo: funciona en la 2 persona, singular o plural, y con cualquier infinitivo despus de la contraccin: Persona Formal Contraccin Traduccin 2 SingularDo you want to go?Dyou wanna go?Quieres ir? 2 Plural Do you want to go?Dyou wanna go?Queris ir? Esperamos que ahora podis entender el mundo raro de las contracciones en ingls, y que tengis nuevas habilidades para dominar este tema.
3 Plural
They are
Theyre
Ejemplos de las Contracciones en ingls: Persona Formal Contraccin Traduccin 1 SingularI am English Im English Soy ingls 2 SingularYou are tired Youre tired Ests cansado 3 SingularHe is hungry Hes hungry Tiene hambre 3 SingularShe is Australian Shes Australian Ella es australiana 3 SingularIt is Tuesday Its Tuesday Es martes 1 Plural We are at school Were at school Estamos en la escuela 2 Plural You are neighboursYoure neighboursSois vecinos 3 Plural They are waiters Theyre waiters Son camareros Cuando hablamos en el tiempo verbal presente continuo usamos el verbo TO BE como auxiliar con contracciones en ingls tambin, con el gerundio del verbo principal. Ejemplos: Persona Formal Contraccin Traduccin 1 SingularI am working Im working Estoy trabajando 2 SingularYou are working Youre working Ests trabajando 3 SingularHe is working Hes working Est trabajando 3 SingularShe is working Shes working Est trabajando 3 SingularIt is working Its working Est trabajando* 1 Plural We are working Were working Estamos trabajando 2 Plural You are working Youre working Estis trabajando 3 Plural They are workingTheyre workingEstn trabajando *Tambin puede ser funcionando (para objetos e ideas etc.)
PASADO PERFECTO
Conjugacin Contraccin
1 Sing. I have Ive I had Id 2 Sing. You have Youve You had Youd 3 Sing. He/She/It hasHes/Shes/ItsHe/She/It hadHed/Shed/Itd 1 PluralWe have Weve We had Wed 2 PluralYou have Youve You had Youd 3 PluralThey have Theyve They had Theyd Ejemplos de las contracciones Presente Perfecto:
Persona Formal 1 SingularI have worked 2 SingularYou have worked 3 SingularHe has worked 3 SingularShe has worked 3 SingularIt has worked 1 Plural We have worked 2 Plural You have worked They have 3 Plural worked
Contraccin Ive worked Youve worked Hes worked Shes worked Its worked Weve worked Youve worked
Traduccin He trabajado Has trabajado Ha trabajado Ha trabajado Ha trabajado* Hemos trabajado Habis trabajado
Las formas negativas a veces parecen irregulares porque no siguen la regla habitual de las contracciones normales en ingls. En la tabla de abajo no hay cambios de persona y siempre usamos el infinitivo despus. Ejemplos: Verbo ModalForma Larga Can Could Will Would Should Have Had Must Cannot Could not Will not Would not Should not Have not Had not Must not Contraccin en Negativo Cant Couldnt Wont Wouldnt Shouldnt Havent Hadnt Mustnt
Ms ejemplos la forma no cambia I can work I cannot work I cant work I could speak French I could not speak French I couldnt speak French etc.
3 SingularHe is going to Hes gonna Va a 3 SingularShe going to Shes gonna Va a 3 SingularIt is going to Its gonna Va a 1 Plural We are going to Were gonna Vamos a 2 Plural You are going to Youre gonna Vais a 3 Plural They are going toTheyre gonnaVan a Ejemplos con TO WANT: La regla de arriba sobre el uso de la palabra TO tambin funciona con el verbo WANT. Por ejemplo I want to have lunch se cambia en I wanna have lunch, sin TO. Ojo! esta contraccin en ingls no funciona en la 3 persona Persona Formal Contraccin Traduccin 1 SingularI want to I wanna Yo quiero 2 SingularYou want to You wanna T quieres 3 SingularX X X 3 SingularX X X 3 SingularX X X 1 Plural We want to We wanna Nosotros queremos 2 Plural You want to You wanna Vosotros queris 3 Plural They want toThey wanna Ellos/as quieren Y finalmente hay una contraccin en ingls, muy comn entre la gente cuando se habla de manera informal para preguntar algo: funciona en la 2 persona, singular o plural, y con cualquier infinitivo despus de la contraccin: Persona Formal Contraccin Traduccin 2 SingularDo you want to go?Dyou wanna go?Quieres ir? 2 Plural Do you want to go?Dyou wanna go?Queris ir? Esperamos que ahora podis entender el mundo raro de las contracciones en ingls, y que tengis nuevas habilidades para dominar este tema.