Non-linear Seismic Analysis of Masonry Buildings

S.T.A. DATA srl - C.So Raffaello, 12 10126 Torino Italy +39 011 6699345 fax + 39 011 6699375 email: comm@stadata.com www.3muri.com Non linear seismic analysis of masonry buildings - 1

Global response of masonry buildings: wall in-plane behaviour

Local devices resist to out-of-plane mechanisms and favour a global behaviour governed by wall in-plane response

Piers and spandrel beams

Non linear seismic analysis of masonry buildings - 2

In plane modelling

N
Non linear seismic analysis of masonry buildings - 3

Damage and failure modes

Non linear seismic analysis of masonry buildings - 4

The non-linear macro-element Shear-sliding (friction)

Bending-rocking

Non linear seismic analysis of masonry buildings - 5

3D masonry building model

Hypotheses: Earthquake Resistant Structure: walls + floors
Walls are bearing elements Floors share vertical loads to the walls and are planar stiffening elements (orthotropic membranes) Walls out-of-plane behaviour and flexural floors response negligible with respect to global one

Wall in -plane model: Frame-type model in-plane

2 nodes macro-elements: piers and lintels Joints: rigid bodies Tie-rods (no compression spar) and stringcourses (beam) elements included

Non linear seismic analysis of masonry buildings - 6

Macro-element wall models

Rigid Node

Spandrel

Pier

Earthquake Damage Observation FEM Non-linear Continuum Model

Non linear seismic analysis of masonry buildings - 7

3D MODEL
2D NODE (3 d.o.f.)

3D NODE (5 d.o.f.) z Z Y xlo

c

X X Z Y

Non linear seismic analysis of masonry buildings - 8

Pushover analysis Base shear

Fn dtop

Fi+1 Fi

F1

Tb =

F
1

Non linear seismic analysis of masonry buildings - 9

Capacity curve TB SA

DTOP SA SA

SD

SD

SD
Non linear seismic analysis of masonry buildings - 10

Pushover analysis
N29 85 90 N41 86 91 87 N53 N25

N31 57 N27 83

N37 64

N43 89 58 64 N39

65

N49

N55 59 59N51 N51 50

43 44

Capacity Curve: Base shear vs.Displacement

N55
N56

N31 57 62 N27 N33

N43 58 63
84

65

N21

N32

N39
42

62 54 55

88

N45 49 63

N44

56

N23 81 60
n16

54

N2855 N35

47

N40

82

56N47

48

N52

61
39

N23 60

N35 n17 61 53

N47
40 41

51 n10

52 n11
N24 52 45

( m ) =m= m m
* i i i 2 i

m m
i i

N32

i 2
2
N28

49 42

N44 43

50 44

N56

47

N40

48

N52

39

40

41

N24

45

N36

46

N48

51 n10

N36 n12

46

53 n12 37

N48

n11 36

38

D = d/ A = V/ m

36

37

38

n7

n8

n9

n7

n8

n9

3D Pushover Analysis
0.20

S.d.o.f. Equivalent System

0.1 8 0.1 6 0.1 4 0.1 2 0.1 0 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02

Displacement demand
T * = 2 Dy / Ay
Se (T * ) * q = ay

A [g]

Dmax = (1 + (q * 1) TC / T *) Dy
(Fajfar, 1999; EC8)

D [cm]
0.00 0.00 0.1 0 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80

Bilinear Approximation
Non linear seismic analysis of masonry buildings - 11

3D Pushover Analysis

WA LL 4

WA LL 3

WA LL 1

WA LL 2

3D Pushover Analysis
350000 300000 250000 200000 150000 100000 50000 0 0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 0.012 0.014 0.016

350000 300000 250000 Taglio alla base [N] 200000 150000 100000

Parete 1 Parete 2 Globale

50000 0 0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008

Parete 1 Parete 2 Globale

0.01 0.012

Rigid floors
P2

Flexible floors
P2

P3

P4

P3

P4

P1

P1

Model validation: numerical simulation of experimental testing on a full-scale URM building

(University of Pavia Magenes, Calvi & Kingsley, 1995)

25

20

15

10

10

15

20

25

Numerical results

Damage pattern
n8 9 3 n5 10 4 n9

n6

7 1

n4

n7

n1

n2

n3

Seismic Code Analyses by 3muri Element expiration at ultimate drift Bilinear element forcedisplacement curve Non-linear 3D pushover analysis Automatic calculation of rectangular and triangular force distribution Automatic additional eccentricity Non-linear 3D time-history analysis Spatial variability of ground motion (bridges) Mixed structures Automatic mesh generation
3500 3000

2500

2000

1500

N409
1000

Drift ultimo
303

40

324

N410 325 307

44 311 43

N411 326

48 315

N412

No Drift
500

N309

39 321

N310 322

N311

323

47

N312

0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2

302
2.5 3

306
3.5

310
4

314 N211 46 N212

N209

38 318

N210 42 319

320

301 N109 37 316

305 N110 2 41

309 N111 317 45

313 N112

300 N9

304 N10

308 N11

312 N12

P4

P3

P4

P5

P6

P2

P7

P8

P3

P1

P5

P6

P2

P7

P8

P1

Non linear seismic analysis of masonry buildings - 16

Seismic Code Analyses by 3MURI

300 280 260 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0.000 Seismostruct dx Tremuri dx Tremuri sx Seismostruct sx

Element expiration at ultimate drift Bilinear element forcedisplacement curve Non-linear 3D pushover analysis Automatic calculation of rectangular and triangular force distribution Automatic additional eccentricity Non-linear 3D time-history analysis Spatial variability of ground motion (bridges) Mixed structures Automatic mesh generation

N9 N9 N9
20.000

7 77
40.000 60.000

n10 n10 n10

80.000

8 88
100.000

n11 n11 n11

120.000 140.000

9 99
160.000 180.000

N12 N12 N12

200.000

18 18 18

19 19 19

20 20 20

21 21 21

N5 N5 N5

4 44

n6 n6 n6

5 55

n7 n7 n7

6 66

N8 N8 N8

14 14 14

15 15 15

16 16 16

17 17 17

N1 N1 N1

1 11

n2 n2 n2

2 22

n3 n3 n3

3 33

N4 N4 N4

10 10 10

11 11 11

12 12 12

13 13 13

N13 N13 N13

n14 n14 n14

n15 n15 n15

N16 N16 N16

Non linear seismic analysis of masonry buildings - 17

Seismic Code Analyses by 3muri

Element expiration at ultimate drift Bilinear element forcedisplacement curve Non-linear 3D pushover analysis Automatic calculation of rectangular and triangular force distribution Automatic additional eccentricity Non-linear 3D time-history analysis Spatial variability of ground motion (bridges) Mixed structures Automatic mesh generation
Non linear seismic analysis of masonry buildings - 18

Seismic assessment of existing structures

Non linear seismic analysis of masonry buildings - 19