(4) Construct the T attenuator circuit in spice by using the resistance values obtained in calculations.

From the voltage values calculate the attenuation.

V A = 20log in Vout 2.5 = 20log 0.66526 = 20 ( 0.5749 ) = 11.49 dB 11.5 dB

Construct the pi attenuator circuit in spice by using the resistance values obtained in calculations.

From the voltage values calculate the attenuation.

V A = 20log in Vout 2.5 = 20log 0.66526 = 20 ( 0.5749 ) = 11.49 dB 11.5 dB

(5) The complex voltage is determined by,

v = 120sin ( t ) + 19sin ( 3t + 40 ) + 8.5sin ( 5t 65 )

It is given that the frequency is 60 Hz Thus, calculate the angular frequency,

= 2 f = 2 ( 60 ) = 120

We will do the problem using MATLAB Usually the MATLAB will take angles in radians, thus convert the angle to radians.

2 40 = 40 radians = 180 9 13 65 = 65 radians = 180 36

Thus, the complex voltage waveform is,

The following is the MATLAB code:

2 v = 120sin ( 120 t ) + 19sin 3 ( 120 ) t + 9

13 + 8.5sin 5 120 t ( ) 36

clc; clear all; grid on; t=0:0.0001:(1/30); FH=120*sin(120*pi*t); f1=plot(t,FH); hold on; ThirdH=19*sin(3*120*pi*t+2*pi/9); f2=plot(t,ThirdH); FifthH=8.5*sin(5*120*pi*t-13*pi/36); f3=plot(t,FifthH); Total=FH+ThirdH+FifthH; f4=plot(t,Total);

set(f1,'Color','cyan','LineWidth',2) set(f2,'Color','blue','LineWidth',2) set(f3,'Color','red','LineWidth',2) xlabel=('Time'); ylabel=('Complex voltage'); grid on; The following is the output waveform

6.

It is given that, The complex voltage equation is given by, v = 120sin ( t ) + 19sin ( 3t + 40 ) + 8.5sin ( 5t 65 ) Volts The fundamental voltage, third and fifth harmonic voltages are as follows: v1 = 120sin ( t ) V v5 = 8.5sin ( 5t 65 ) V The frequency of the circuit is, f = 60 Hz . Thus, the angular frequency of the circuit is given by, = 2 f = 2 ( 60 ) = 377 rad/sec The following is the given circuit diagram: v3 = 19sin ( 3t + 40 ) V

Now determine the value of capacitance required at third harmonic frequency of resonance. So at third harmonic frequency of resonance, the following is the condition 1 3 L = 3C 1 C= ( 3 ) ( 3 L ) C= C=

( 9 ) ( L )
2

( 9 ( 377 ) ) ( 70 mH )
2

C = 11.116F At fundamental frequency, the total circuit impedance is given by, 1 Z1 = 30 + j L C 1 = 30 + j 377 70 mH ( ) ( ) ( 377 ) ( 11.116 ) = 30 + j ( 26.39 238.62 ) = 30 j 212.23 = 214.33 81.95 At third frequency, the total circuit impedance is given by, 1 Z 3 = 30 + j 3 L 3C 1 = 30 + j ( 3) ( 377 ) ( 70 mH ) ( 3) ( 377 ) ( 11.116 ) = 30 + j ( 79.17 79.17 ) Z 3 = 300 At fifth frequency, the total circuit impedance is given by,

1 Z 5 = 30 + j 5 L 5C 1 = 30 + j 5 377 70 mH ( ) ( ) ( ) ( 5) ( 377 ) ( 11.116 ) = 30 + j ( 131.95 47.724 ) = 30 + j ( 84.22 ) Z 5 = 89.470.39

The fundamental component current is, v i1 = 1 z1 1200 214.33 81.95 = 0.55981.95 A The third frequency component current is, v i3 = 3 z3 = 1940 30 = 0.63340 A =

The fifth frequency component current is, v i5 = 5 z5 8.5 65 89.470.39 = 0.095 135.39 A Thus, the total supply current is, = i = i1 + i3 + i5

= 0.559sin ( t + 81.95 ) + 0.633sin ( 3t + 40 ) + 0.095sin ( 5t 135.39 ) Thus, the expression for instantaneous value of current in the circuit is, i = 0.559sin ( t + 81.95 ) + 0.633sin ( 3t + 40 ) + 0.095sin ( 5t 135.39 ) A . The RMS value of current is given by, iRMS 0.559 0.633 0.095 = + + 2 2 2 = 0.36109 = 0.6009 A Thus, the RMS value of current is, iRMS = 0.6009 A .
2 2 2

ii

= 0.15624 + 0.20034 + 4.5125 103

(7)

The following is the circuit waveform setup in pspice.

Steps: 1. Place the resistance inductance and capacitance with their respective values. 2. Place three voltage Vsin sources with the voltages, frequencies and phase as required 3. Step up transient model with time frame upto 1/30 secs. 4. Save the file and run the simulation 5. Add the current traces to obtain the current waveform.

Note: The initial conditions were not mentioned in the problem. Hence, the default values of zero current in inductor and zero voltage across the capacitor has been taken. This therefore will result in certain error when compared with the actual calculations. The following is the waveform of the capacitor current as a function of time. For two cycles.

The trace of rms value of the waveform is shown in Figure below.

The rms voltage value doesnt stabilize in two cycles. It tending to a value of 0.540 A after two cycles, when compared with the actual value of 0.6009 A. The reason for this anomaly is that the initial conditions are not mentioned beforehand, that is the inductor current and the capacitor voltage, and as a result there is a difference between the theoretical calculations and the value obtained from the spice model.