Tire Modeling ME 364: Chapter 10 - Tires

Many of the scanned images in this presentation are from The Multibody Systems Approach to Vehicle Dynamics (MSAVD) by M. Blundell and D. Hardy, SAE, 2004 -andThe Racing & High Performance Tire (RHPT) by Paul Haney, SAE, 2003

Construction of tires (or tyres in British English) will be discussed only briefly Focus is on tire modeling
_________________ that support vehicle _________________ forces required for braking and acceleration _________________ forces required for cornering

SAE Tire Axes (used in Ch.10)

=camber angle

Tire Radii
Ru=unloaded radius Re=effective radius

=slip angle

Rl=loaded radius

WC=wheel center

____________ Friction Laws

Friction is a property of two contacting surfaces, not an independent material property Friction force is ___________________ to normal force, Ff= Coefficient of friction is _______________ of contact area and sliding speed Static friction s is ______________ than kinetic friction k

Friction Forces
Components: ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________

Friction - Mechanical Keying

Pressure Distribution in Contact Patch Static Tire

Side View of Tire

Tire Forces and Moments

Longitudinal Stiffness

Measured data

(Mz)

Figure 5.13 Measurement of stiffness in a non-rolling tire

Lateral Stiffness

Torsional Stiffness

Measured data

Measured data

Figure 5.13 Measurement of stiffness in a non-rolling tire

Figure 5.13 Measurement of stiffness in a non-rolling tire

Figure 5.15 Generation of slip in a free rolling tire

Vertical Tire Force Model

Same as used in Chapter 5 - Ride

V t = tangential velocity

Fz = Fzk + Fzc Fzk = k z Z & F = c

zc z Z

c z = 2 mtire k z
Vertical Load is negative of Normal Force (per SAE J670e)

Net slip is rearward

Rolling Resistance Forces

Force in Braked Tire

Slip ratio:

or

Force in Braked Tire

Braking Force v. Slip Ratio

Force in a Driven Tire

Slip ratio:

Force in a Driven Tire