Proceedings of research papers of doctoral students, young researchers and pedagogues "Young researchers 2011"

INFLUENCE OF BIOACTIVE MATTERS ON ROOT YIELD, DIGESTION AND CORRECTED SUGAR CONTENT OF SUGAR BEET. AJBIDOROV Lucia, PAUTA Vladimr, NDASK Roman
Abstract The aim of the experiment was to determine the influence of leaf preparations, based on biologically active substances (potassium humate and 5-aminolevulinic acid), on the root yield, digestion and corrected sugar content of sugar beet. Biological active substances are used to stimulate the metabolic and vital functions of plants, increase plant drought adaptation and potentially support the plant nutrients income from the soil. The experiments were realized in years 2009 and 2010 on experimental base of Department of Crop Production of Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra. We used two sugar beet varieties - Jambus and Victor and two preparations Biafit Gold (contents - potassium humate) and Pentakeep V (5-aminolevulinic acid). Potassium humate and 5-aminolevulinic acid, active substances based on bioactive matters, were sprayed on sugar beet two times (Biafit Gold) and three times (Pentakeep V) per vegetation. The results were evaluated by Analyses of Variance and LSD test and showed, that the highest root yield achieved a variety Jambus (80.37 t ha-1), the difference was not statistically significant. Both of foliar preparations increased the root yield compared to the control. By digestion, the preparation Pentakeep - V increased and preparation Biafit Gold decreased digestion, the difference was statistically highly significant. The similar situation was by corrected sugar content and the difference was also statistically highly significant.

KEY WORDS: sugar beet, bioactive matters, leaf preparation, Biafit Gold, Pentakeep V 1 Introduction Sugar beet belongs to plants with high demand to agrotechnic and nutrition (Loek et al., 1997). In the world it still belongs among 15 most important crops (Pulkrbek et al., 2008). Therefore requires attention focus and management expertise, whereat should be based on knowledge of soil properties, dynamics and consumption of nutrients on the physiological requirements of plants and also influence and impact of weather conditions on these processes (Rohik, 2001). Stabilisation of sugar beet production with the optimal quantitative and qualitative parameters requires respecting the natural requirements of sugar beet for basic agroecological factors and technological parameters of its growing (ern et al., 2001). A precondition for achieving high yield and good root quality of sugar beet is balanced and adequate supply of nutrients. If the offer is low, losses on yield are accrued, or the quality is reduced. If it is high, it occurs to the reduction of technological quality (Rohik, 2001). Nutrition of sugar beet affects all physiological and biochemical processes in roots (Pauta et al., 2006). Fertilizer on the base bioactive natural substances such as humates, which use their stimulus effect in the interaction with basic fertilizer nutrients positively affect the yield and quality (Pauta, 1999). Today the sugar yield reaches more than ten times the amount in comparison with the beginning of its growing more than 170 years ago (md, 1863 in Pulkrbek et al., 2008). Preparations containing biologically active matters are used to stimulate metabolic functions of plants, enhance plant drought adaptation and another biotic and abiotic stress, improve regeneration of plants after effect stressful factors and potentially support the plant nutrients income from the soil. These preparations are not foliar fertilizers but they can contain macroelements and microelements. As the bioactive matters which positively affect vital functions of plants we can consider many substances of natural or synthetic origin, e.g.

Proceedings of research papers of doctoral students, young researchers and pedagogues "Young researchers 2011"

plant hormones, aromatic nitro-substances, urea, salicylic acid or humine substances (ern et al., 2000, Feckov, 2005, Pauta et al., 2001, Pulkrbek et al., 1999). 2 Objective Objective of the experiment was to determine influence of leaf preparations based biologically active substances (Biafit Gold and Pentakeep - V) on the selected parameters of sugar beet in the conditions of maize production areas of Slovakia. 3 Materials and methods Field experiments were established according the method of Split Plots by Ehremberger (1995) in three repetitions on experimental base of the Slovak University of Agriculture in Doln Malanta in years 2009 and 2010. In experiments were used two varieties of sugar beet (Viktor, Jambus) and two preparations containing bioactive substances such as potassium humate (Biafit Gold) and 5-aminolevulinic acid (Pentakeep - V). Soil preparation and crop establishment in the experiments were conducted in accordance with the principles of sugar beet growing. The forecrop was winter wheat. Basic fertilization was done by the balance method on the basis of agronomic soil analysis on expected yield 60 t ha-1. The final sowing distance was 0.45 x 0.18 m. In experiments we observed two factors of experiment: 1. Preparations 2. Varieties They were evaluated following yield and technological parameters of sugar beet production: 1. Root yield (t.ha-1) 2. Digestion (S) 3. Corrected sugar yield (%), which we calculated according the formula: B = Dg - [0,343.(Na+K) + 0,094.(-amino N) + 0,29] B refined sugar content (%) Dg digestion (S) Na content of sodium (mmol.100 g-1 beet) K content of potassium (mmol.100 g-1 beet) -amino N content of alfa-amino nitrogen (mmol.100 g-1 beet) Sugar beet was harvested from 3 and 4 row of length of 6 m of each variant. The analyses of sugar beet were done in SELEKT Buany. The results were evaluated by Analyses of Variance and LSD test. 3.1 Preparations Biafit gold It is a leaf liquid fertilizer containing bioactive natural substances (resins, sugars, uronic acids and vitamins). Application to the leaf is intensifying nutrition of plants, supports the growth of rooty system and whole plant. Those preparation on base organic resin, which is receives as the waste by the manipulated of spruce. Pentakeep -V It is a fertilizer containing promoter of photosynthesis 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALK), which is a biologically active substance that occurs in living organisms. (1)

Proceedings of research papers of doctoral students, young researchers and pedagogues "Young researchers 2011"

Applied doses of the preparations used in experiments are in Table 1 and 2. In Table 3 are the dates of application of preparations.

Table 1: Application of Biafit Gold in individual growth stages (Pulkrbek, 2004)

Dose

Growth phase of beet 19 BBCH 9 and more developed leaves (an application developed for 11 leaves)

1. 10 l.ha-1

2. 10 l.ha-1

33 BBCH closed growth (30 % plants are touching )

Table 2: Application of Pentakeep - V in individual growth stages (Pulkrbek, 2004)

Dose 1. 1,5 l.ha-1 2. 1,5 l.ha-1 3. 1,5 l.ha-1

Growth phase of beet 19 BBCH 9 and more developed leaves (an application developed for 11 leaves) 31 BBCH beginn of closing growth 33 BBCH closed growth (30% plants are touching )

Table 3: Dates of application the leaf preparations (author's own results, 2009,2010)

1. aplication of leaf preparations (Biafit Gold, Pentakeep V) 4.6.2009 3.6.2010

2. aplication of leaf preparation (Pentakeep V) 18.6.2009 24.6.2010

2. aplication of leaf preparation (Biafit Gol) and 3. (Pentakeep V) 3.7.2009 30.6.2010

3. 2 Varieties In field experiments were observed two certified, genetically monogerm varieties of sugar beet: 'Viktor', 'Jambus'. Victor - diploid, double tolerant variety to rhizomania and cercospora, normal / sugar type. Jambus - diploid, double tolerant variety to rhizomania and cercospora, normal / sugar type.

Proceedings of research papers of doctoral students, young researchers and pedagogues "Young researchers 2011"

4 Results and discussion

Fig. 1 Average temperatures in years 2009 and 2010 on locality Doln Malanta (author's own results, 2010) From the first graph (Fig.1.) we can see, that in 2009 temperatures were in April and May and also in August and September over the climate normal. The average temperatures in 2010 largely copied the climate normal, just in June, July and August temperatures were over the climate normal and in October, below the climate normal. Both years were with regard to temperatures - normal.

Fig. 2 Average rainfall in years 2009 and 2010 on locality Doln Malanta (author's own results, 2010) In 2009, just in April and May and also in August and September, when the temperatures were over the climate normal, rainfall were below the climate normal. High temperatures and low rainfall had an influence on qualitative and quantitative parameters of sugar beet.

Proceedings of research papers of doctoral students, young researchers and pedagogues "Young researchers 2011"

Year 2010 was extreme, in terms of rainfall. In April, May and July, rainfall was high above the climate normal. Annual rainfall in comparison with the climate normal is 540 mm per year. In 2009 was annual rainfall 581 mm, it was a normal year, by contrast in 2010 it was 918 mm and year was considered a very humid. Preparations Preparations containing bioactive substances are statistically highly significantly reflected in the digestion and corrected. The highest digestion we achieved with Pentakee -V 17.70 0S, which was 0.13 0S more compared with control and 0.60 0S more compared with the preparation Biafit Gold. It follows, that the preparation Pentakeep - V increased and preparation Biafit Gold decreased digestion compared with control, but the difference was not statistically significant. In the corrected sugar content, we can stated a similar situation. The highest corrected sugar content were achieved with using Pentakeep - V (14,96%) and the lowest with Biafit Gold (14.36%). In the control variant corrected sugar yield was 14.71%, the difference was statistically highly significant. In the root yield the preparations increased root yield compared to control as follows, the Biafit Gold about 3.26 t ha-1 and Pentakeep - V about 10.48 t ha-1, the difference was not statistically significant. Varieties On average experimental years, we have achieved the highest root yield with a variety Jambus (80.37 t.ha-1). The variety Viktor reached root yield 74.98 t ha-1, which was 5.39 t ha-1 less than the variety Jambus, the difference was not statistically significant. Higher digestion in observed years achieved the variety of lower root yield Viktor (17.49 0S). For variety Jambus, the digestion was 17.43 0S. We can see that the difference is small (0.06 0S) and not statistically significant. Higher corrected sugar content achieved variety Viktor (14.7%), but as the digestion the difference was small 0.05% and statistically not significant. Effect of interaction of variety-preparation was for root yield not significant. In the digestion and corrected sugar content was significantly highly significant.
Table 4: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) years 2009 and 2010 (author's own results) Monitored parameter Source of Variability Root yield Digestion p - values Variety Preparation Variety x Preparation 0,1330 0,0629 0,4199 0,4413 0,0000** 0,0000** 0,3454 0,0000** 0,0000** Corrected sugar content

p Value * **

- significant level - statistically significant influence of factor, - statistically high significant influence of factor (resource of variability) for observed parameter

Proceedings of research papers of doctoral students, young researchers and pedagogues "Young researchers 2011"

5 Conclusion 1. Within the varieties Viktor and Jambus we did not found statistically significant differences in root yield, digestion and corrected sugar content. 2. Biafit Gold decreased and Pentakeep - V increased digestion compared to the control variant. Preparations had statistically highly significant influence to digestion and corrected sugar content.
Acknowledgments: This work was supported by grants VEGA No. 1/0099/08: Biologization of sugar beet productive process in the condition of climatic change and VEGA No. 1/0237/11: Production and quality of important field crop species depending on adoption of rationalization technology steps under climatic change conditions

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