An Assignment On SAFTA TREATY & RECENT TRADE AGREEMENT BETWEEN INDIA & BANGLADESH

Safta treaty and recent trade agreement between India and Bangladesh

Submitted to: Mr. Anup Chowdhury Assistant professor Department of Finance & Banking

Submitted by: Name Fahmida Sultana Bushra Binte Mizan Salman Rahman Mahadi Mushrur Ahmed Sariful Islam

Student Id: 588 594 599 609 610

Department of Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka

24 September 2011

Acknowledgement

This is our pleasure to prepare and submit the report on Safta treaty and recent trade agreement between India and Bangladesh. We are very grateful to my Paper Leader Mr. Anup Chowdhury for designing the course with this assignment and providing us such an immense opportunity. Though we think that right now how accurate can we provide our suggestion regarding the said topic. But we are really enjoying the task and tried to give our full effort to make it rich and resourceful. We want to give specially thank to all the associates who provide all the company related information and also inspire us in preparing this assignment. At last but not at least the Almighty Allah to whom we are grateful forever and ever in giving us all the opportunities in doing each and everything.

Department of Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Savar, Dhaka. 24 September 2011

Mr. Anup Chowdhury Assistant professor Department of Finance & Banking

Subject: Letter of Transmittal

Dear Sir:

It is our immense pleasure to present you the report on Safta treaty and recent trade agreement between India and Bangladesh. This report has been prepared to know about the ins and outs of Safta treaty and recent trade agreement. This report contains what is Safta treaty, recent trade agreement between India and Bangladesh and necessity of those.

It has been a great contentment to submit you the report.

Sincerely yours,

Fahmida Sultana Rahman (Id: 588) (Id: 599)

Bushra Binte Mizan (Id: 594)

Salman

Mahadi Mushrur Ahmed (Id: 609)

Sariful Islam (Id: 610)

Table of contents

1.0 2.0

Executive Summary------------------------------------------------------ v Introduction---------------------------------------------------------------- 07 Origin of the report-------------------------------------------------- 08 Problems and purposes-------------------------------------------- 08 Scope of the report-------------------------------------------------- 08 Methodology -----------------------------------------------------------08 Limitations --------------------------------------------------------------- 09

2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5

3.0 4.0 5.0

Report body------------------------------------------------------------------09 Conclusion-------------------------------------------------------------------- 44 Appended parts-------------------------------------------------------------45 Appendix----------------------------------------------------------------------45

5.1

1.0 Executive Summary

AGREEMENT ON SOUTH ASIAN FREE TRADE AREA (SAFTA) The Governments of the SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) Member States comprising the People's Republic of Bangladesh, the Kingdom of Bhutan, the Republic of India, the Republic of Maldives, the Kingdom of Nepal, the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka hereinafter referred to as "Contracting States" Motivated by the commitment to strengthen intra-SAARC economic cooperation to maximize the realization of the region's potential for trade and development for the benefit of their people, in a spirit of mutual accommodation, with full respect for the principles of sovereign equality, independence and territorial integrity of all States; Noting that the Agreement on SAARC Preferential Trading Arrangement (SAPTA) signed in Dhaka on the 11th of April 1993 provides for the adoption of various instruments of trade liberalization on a preferential basis; Convinced that preferential trading arrangements among SAARC Member States will act as a stimulus to the strengthening of national and SAARC economic resilience, and the development of the national economies of the Contracting States by expanding investment and production opportunities, trade, and foreign exchange earnings as well as the development of economic and technological cooperation; Aware that a number of regions are entering into such arrangements to enhance trade through the free movement of goods; Recognizing that Least Developed Countries in the region need to be accorded special and differential treatment commensurate with their development needs; and Recognizing that it is necessary to progress beyond a Preferential Trading Arrangement to move towards higher levels of trade and economic cooperation in the region by removing barriers to crossborder flow of goods.

The two leaders signed agreements on closer economic ties

India and Bangladesh sign five agreements

India and Bangladesh have signed five agreements including treaties on tackling cross-border crime and combating terrorism. The agreements were signed on the first day of Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina's official visit to India. They included a pledge by Delhi to provide a $1bn credit to improve Bangladesh's infrastructure. The announcement was made after Sheikh Hasina met her Indian counterpart, Manmohan Singh. Officials say that much of the money provided by India will be used for improving Bangladesh's railway network and dredging the rivers shared between the two countries. Sheikh Hasina assured the Indians that Bangladesh would not allow its soil to be used by groups "inimical to India".

2.0 Introduction
2.1 Origin of the report: Only theoretical knowledge is not enough to know the ins and outs of Safta treaty & trade agreement. When we have prepared this report, we

have learned vast about economics, India-Bangladesh relationship etc. These help us to gather more information. So, we are preparing a report on Safta treaty & trade agreement to develop clear knowledge about it.

2.2 Problems and purposes: Why we are going to make a report on Safta treaty and recent trade agreement between India and Bangladesh what are the benefits of it? The key factors that act as purposes of this report are given below: 1. Implementation of these agreements. 2. Relationship between India and Bangladesh. 3. Economic condition South Asian region. 4. Create mutual contact on various issues. 5. Develop economy condition.

2.3 Scope of the report: 1. Focus point is to observe the economic condition of South Asian region. 2. Trade relationship between India &Bangladesh. 3. Whether these agreements are effective for us or not.

2.4 Methodology: This is a descriptive report. This report includes secondary data. And the secondary data have been collected from various publication related websites, articles, magazines etc. These data have been collected through convenience sampling technique. As this is a qualitative research, we have only analyzed the qualitative aspects of the data. In this study, there is no quantitative analysis.

Collection of Data: Sources of Data: Techniques: Various publication(paper Secondary publication, website)

2.5 Limitations: There are limitations in making this report. Those limitations are given below: 1. Access to information 2. Access to resources 3. Time management 4. Access to experts for editing, proof reading, and guidance 5. Lack of funds

3.0 Report Body

SAARC Preferential Trading Arrangement (SAPTA)

SAPTA and its begining In December 1991, the Sixth Summit held in Colombo approved the establishment of an Inter-Governmental Group (IGG) to formulate an agreement to establish a SAARC Preferential Trading Arrangement (SAPTA) by 1997. Given the consensus within SAARC, the Agreement on SAPTA was signed on 11 April 1993 and entered into force on 7 December 1995 well in advance of the date stipulated by the Colombo Summit. The Agreement reflected the desire of the Member States to promote and sustain mutual trade and economic cooperation within the SAARC region through the exchange of concessions.

The basic principles underlying SAPTA are: Overall reciprocity and mutuality of advantages so as to benefit equitably all Contracting States, taking into account their respective level of economic and industrial development, the pattern of their external trade, and trade and tariff policies and systems; Negotiation of tariff reform step by step, improved and extended in successive stages through periodic reviews;

Recognition of the special needs of the Least Developed Contracting States and agreement on concrete preferential measures in their favor; and Inclusion of all products, manufactures and commodities in their raw semiprocessed and processed forms. Four rounds of trade negotiations have been concluded under SAPTA covering over 5000 commodities. Each Round contributed to an incremental trend in the product coverage and the deepening of tariff concessions over previous Rounds.

Working sector under SAFTA Bangladesh is working on downsizing the sensitive list by 246 items for the least developed countries (LDCs) and 248 ones for the non-LDCs under the SAFTA (South Asian Free Trade Area) pact, trade officials said. "We have in principle decided to shorten the sensitive list. But everything will depend on negotiations and approaches taken by other members of the regional trade bloc at a meeting to be held in Nepal this month," a Ministry of Commerce (MoC) official told the FE Thursday seeking anonymity. Dhaka has 1,233 products on the sensitive list for the LDCs and 1241 for the non-LDCs under the trade liberalization agreement, implying that such products from other SAFTA member-countries care required to pay duty to enter the Bangladesh market. The Working Group on Reduction of the sensitive list under the SAFTA will meet on September 20-22 to discuss the issue. "We will go forward for reducing the number of items from the list based on others' approach," said the MoC official. According to him, the list of products, likely to be given duty-free access, has been chosen, based on consultations held with the stakeholders several times. The Bangladesh Tariff Commission (BTC) has finalized the list recently. Of the SAARC member countries, India has 480 items on the sensitive list for the LDCs and 868 for the non-LDCs, Bhutan has 150 items for both the LDCs and non-LDCs, Nepal has 1257 for the LDCs and 1295 for the non-

LDCs, the Maldives has 681 for both, Pakistan has 1169, Sri Lanka has 1042 and Afghanistan has 1072 items on the negative list. In the second meeting of the working group held in March this year, the parties to the pact agreed to reduce the number of items from the sensitive list by 20 per cent from November, 2011.

They are also committed to implementing the Trade Liberalization Programmed (TLP) for products taken out of the sensitive lists from January 1, 2012. However, Nepal has requested to extend the date of implementation for it until August 1 next year. The member-states under the pact are to reduce their sensitive lists of the tariff lines, considering the request of other contracting states. Bhutan does not require shortening its sensitive list but would consider requests, if any, from other SAARC member-states. "It the negotiation in Kathmandu becomes successful, we will send the list to the cabinet for approval. After the cabinet's approval of the list, the items will be desisted from the sensitive list," the MoC official added. He said most member-sates of the SAFTA prefer to grant duty-free market access of products on the basis of bilateral arrangement. India on August 06 announced to grant duty and quota-free access of 46 Bangladeshi apparel items to its market under a bilateral arrangement. Statistics show that the intra-SAARC trade under the SAFTA arrangement has reached US$1.1 billion mark last February, since launching of the trade liberalization programmed in July, 2006.

Relations between Bangladesh and other SAARC countries

Bangladesh has exported goods worth $399.60 million between 2007 and 2010 under the SAFTA, while India's export during the period reached $604.95 million and that of Sri Lanka, $1.18 million. Bangladesh's export to Pakistan under the SAFTA arrangement between 2006 and 2010 reached $94.79 million and to the Maldives, $0.014 million during the period. Trade officials said the negative list of SAFTA comprises 53 per cent of the total trade among the SAARC member-states and that is why their intra-regional trade is not expanding. He said unless the relatively more developed economies among the SAARC member-states agree to cut down the negative list, full implementation of the agreement would not produce the desired results. Statistics show that Bangladesh had no exports to Afghanistan, Bhutan and the Maldives during the July, 2006-December, 2010 period under the SAFTA arrangement. It exported goods worth $342.87 million to India, $56.39 million to Pakistan and $0.26 million to Sri Lanka.

India and Bangladesh have signed five agreements including treaties on tackling cross-border crime and combating terrorism. The agreements were signed on the first day of Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina's official visit to India. They included a pledge by Delhi to provide a $1bn credit to improve Bangladesh's infrastructure.

The announcement was made after Sheikh Hasina met her Indian counterpart, Manmohan Singh. Officials say that much of the money provided by India will be used for improving Bangladesh's railway network and dredging the rivers shared between the two countries. Sheikh Hasina assured the Indians that Bangladesh would not allow its soil to be used by groups "inimical to India". 'Strong relations' Ties between the two have improved after Sheikh Hasina's Awami League-led government came to power last year.

Nearly 200 fighters belonging to rebel groups in Assam and Tripura have fled the crackdown in Bangladesh and some have already surrendered. "We are confident that this visit would serve to underline that strong India-Bangladesh relations are vital, not just for both our countries, but for the entire region and the international community," Indian Foreign Secretary Nirupama Rao said. Sheikh Hasina met Mr Singh and ruling Congress party Chief Sonia Gandhi on Monday. On Tuesday she received the Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and Development. She said that she was deeply honored to receive the prize and thanked the Indian president, prime minister and Mrs Gandhi. "This most prestigious prize also greatly honors my country and people," Sheikh Hasina said. Correspondents say the two countries still have a range of contentious issues to resolve ranging from the sharing of river waters to demarcation of a maritime boundary in the Bay of Bengal. Bangladesh and India share more than 50 rivers but Bangladesh believes it is not getting enough water, as India has built a number of dams upstream. The dispute over the maritime border is important as it is believed that there may be vast gas and oil deposits in the Bay of Bengal.

Bangladesh's Foreign Minister Dipu Moni told the BBC that the country was prepared to go the UN if bilateral negotiations failed to solve the maritime boundary dispute.

TRADE AGREEMENT BETWEEN INDIA AND BANGLADESH The Government of the Republic of India and the Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh, being conscious of the urge of their two peoples to enlarge areas of mutual co-operation; desirous of expanding trade and strengthening economic relations between the two countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit; have agreed as follows:

Article I The two Governments recognizing the need and requirement of each other in the context of their developing economies undertake to explore all possibilities, including economic and technical cooperation, for promotion, facilitation, expansion and diversification of trade between the two countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit. Article II The two Governments agree to take appropriate measures in accordance with the evolving international trading system for mutual benefit of developing countries and least developed countries in so far as such measures are consistent with their individual, present and future development, financial and trade facilitation. Article III The two Governments agree that expansion of their mutual trade exchanges would make an important contribution towards their development. To this end, they agree to take appropriate and special measures during periodic reviews taking into account the asymmetries between the two countries with a view to augmenting and diversifying their mutual trade especially in respect of specific products as may be agreed upon.

Article IV All payments and charges in connection with trade between the two countries shall continue to be effected in freely convertible currencies in accordance with the foreign exchange regulations in force in each country from time to time.

Article V Imports and exports of commodities and goods produced or manufactured in India or Bangladesh, as the case may be, shall be permitted in accordance with the import, export and foreign exchange laws, regulations Dt. 22/03/2006 Page 2 of 3 and procedures in force in either country from time to time taking into account asymmetries between the two countries.

Article VI Each Government shall accord to the commerce of the country of the other Government, treatment no less than that accorded to the commerce of any third country. Article VII The provisions of Article VI shall not prevent the grant or continuance of:a) Privileges which are or may be granted by either of the two Governments in order to facilitate frontier trade by separate agreement(s); b) Advantages and privileges which are or may be granted by either of the respective neighboring countries; c) Advantages resulting from any customs union, a free trade area or similar arrangements which either of the two Governments has concluded or may conclude in the future. d) Advantages or preferences accorded under any scheme for expansion of trade and economic cooperation among developing countries, which is open for participation by all developing countries, and to which either of the two Governments is or may become a party.

Article VIII The two Governments agree to make mutually beneficial arrangements for the use of their waterways, roadways and railways for commerce between the two countries for passage of goods between two places in one country through the territory of the other. Article IX Each Government will grant merchant vessels of the other country while entering, putting off and lying at its ports the most-favored-nation treatment accorded by their respective laws, rules and regulations to the vessels under the flag of any third country. Both the Governments agree on the basis of shippers preference, to utilize to the maximum extent possible, the vessels owned/chartered by shipping organizations of the two countries concerned for shipping cargoes imported or exported under this Agreement at competitive freight rates.

Article X The two Governments agree to cooperate effectively with each other to prevent infringement and circumvention of the laws, rules and regulations of either country in regard to matters relating to foreign exchange and foreign trade. Article XI The two Governments agree to accord, subject to their respective laws and regulations, reasonable facilities for the holding of trade fairs and exhibitions and visits of business and trade delegations sponsored by the Government concerned.

Article XII

In order to facilitate the implementation of this Agreement, the two Governments shall consult each other at least once in a year or earlier as

and when necessary, and shall review the working of the Agreement with special attention to the asymmetries between the two countries.

Article XIII This amended Agreement shall come into force on the 1 st April, 2006. It shall remain in force for a period of three years. It may be extended by a further period of three years by mutual consent subject to such modifications as may be agreed upon. Done in New Delhi, on the 21st March, 2006, in two original copies, each in Hindi, Bangle and English, all the texts being equally authentic. In case of difference, the English text shall prevail. (Kamal Nath) (M. Saifur Rahman) Minister of Commerce and Industry Minister for Finance & Planning Government of the Republic of India Government of Peoples Republic of Bangladesh

India-Bangladesh Relations

Indias links with Bangladesh are civilization, cultural, social and economic. There is much that unites the two countries a shared history and common heritage, linguistic and cultural ties, passion for music, literature and the arts. With Bangladesh, India shares not only a common history of struggle for freedom and liberation but also enduring feelings of both fraternal as well as familial ties. This commonality is reflected in multi-dimensional relations with Bangladesh at several levels of interaction. High-level exchanges, visits and meetings take place regularly alongside the wide ranging people-to-people interaction. Indias Missions

in Bangladesh issue about half a million visas every year and thousands of Bangladeshi students study in India on self-financing basis and over 100 annual GOI scholarships.

Recent High Level Contacts Vice President of India Shri M Hamid Ansari accompanied by MOS(EA) Mrs. Preneet Kaur, two MPs and official & media delegation visited Dhaka on May 5-6, 2011 for the inaugural ceremony of joint celebration of the 150th birth anniversary of Rabindra Nath Tagore. During the visit, Vice President held talks with President Zillur Rahman and PM Sheikh Hasina, Foreign Dipu Moni and Leader of Opposition Begum Khaleda Zia called on him. Prime Minister of Bangladesh Sheikh Hasina accompanied by a 123-member delegation that included Ministers of Foreign Affairs and Water Resources, Advisers and a 50-member strong business contingent paid a State visit to India from January 10-13, 2010. The visit was very successful and gave both countries a historic opportunity to build a new and forward looking relationship. On January 12, 2010 Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina was conferred the prestigious Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and Development for 2009. The Prime Ministers of the two countries agreed to put in place a comprehensive framework of cooperation for development of the two countries based on their mutually shared vision for the future. A Joint Communiqu issued during the visit outlined various initiatives. Shri Pranab Mukherjee, Finance Minister visited Dhaka on August 7, 2010 to witness the signing of the US$ 1 billion Line of Credit Agreement between EXIM Bank of India and Government of Bangladesh. Smt. Sonia Gandhi, President, INC and Chairman, UPA visited Dhaka on July 24-25, 2011 to receive the Bangladesh Freedom Honour conferred on Smt. Indira Gandhi for her unique role and contribution to the Liberation War and birth of Bangladesh. In the forenoon of July 25, she attended the inaugural session of an International Conference on Autism spectrum disorders & developmental disabilities as Chief Guest. Smt. Gandhi also had meetings with PM Sheikh Hasina and Bangladesh President during the visit.

Home Minister Shri P. Chidambaram visited Bangladesh on July 2930,2011 for delegation level talks with his counterpart Ms. Sahara Khatun on all issues of mutual interest. He also met Foreign Minister Dr. Dipu

Moni and called on PM Sheikh Hasina on July 30, 2011. A Coordinated Border Management Plan between BSF and BGB was signed by the DGs of the border guarding forces on July 30 during the visit.

Minister for Overseas Indian Affairs and Civil Aviation Vayalar Ravi visited Dhaka on April 19-21, 2011 for the 4th Colombo Process Ministerial Conference on overseas employment and labor migration. MOIA&CA met his Bangladesh Counterparts and discussed issues of mutual interest during the visit. Commerce and Industry Minister Anand Sharma visited Bangladesh on April 22-23, 2011 and held meetings with BD leadership, including Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and Commerce Minister Faruk Khan. Foreign Secretary Smt. Nirupama Rao visited Dhaka on June 6-8, 2011 for Foreign Office Consultations and held discussions with her Bangladesh counterpart on the entire gamut of bilateral issues. She called on Prime Minister and Foreign Minister on July 7, 2011.

External Affairs Minister Shri SM Krishna visited Bangladesh on 6-8 July, 2011 and held bilateral talks with his counterpart Dr. Dipu Moni. He also called on President and Prime Minister of Bangladesh. Protocols of Exchange on the Instruments of Ratification of the bilateral agreement on the protection and promotion of investments between India and Bangladesh were signed on July 7. Document relating to Standard Operating Procedure for monitoring of entry/exit of Bhutanese vehicles between Indian LCSs and Bangladesh LCSs was also signed during the visit.

PM had a bilateral meeting with PMSH in April on the margins of 16 SAARC Summit in Thimphu and EAM met Foreign Minister of Bangladesh Dr. Dipu Moni in New York in September 2010. Finance Ministers visit to Dhaka in August 2010, FM Dr. Dipu Monis visit to Tripura in November 2010, Commerce Minister of Bangladeshs visits to New Delhi in October and Kolkata in December 2010 and visits by the Advisers of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, in addition to a number of other crucial visits have helped both sides to pursue bilateral agenda. After the new Government took office following General Elections in Bangladesh on December 29, 2008, Shri Pranab Mukherjee, then EAM paid an official visit to Dhaka on February 9, 2009. Two agreements on trade and bilateral investment promotion and protection were signed. Shri Somnath Chatterjee, Honble Speaker, Lok Sabha visited Dhaka from February 21th

23, 2009 to address the Members of Bangladesh Parliament at the opening ceremony of Parliamentary Orientation Program for 9th Jatiya Sangsad.

A 24-member Parliamentary Friendship Group with Bangladesh has been constituted in the Indian Parliament with Shri Sameer Magan Bhujbal, MP(NCPLS) as its President in June 2011. The Bangladesh side has been requested to share composition of a similar group for contacts and exchanges. An eight member parliamentary delegation led by Jatiya Sangsad Speaker Mr. Abdul Hamid visited India for attending the Fifth SAARC Speakers and Parliamentarians Conference on July 9-12, 2011 at the invitation of Lok Sabha Speaker Smt. Meira Kumar.

Security and Border management: Security remains a key area of bilateral cooperation. The two countries concluded Agreements on mutual legal assistance in criminal matters; transfer of sentenced persons and combating international terrorism, organized crime & illicit drug trafficking. Home Secretary Level talks and Joint Working Group Meeting were held in Dhaka on January 1820, 2011 where both sides discussed all issues related to security and border management. The Second DG-level Talks between the Narcotics Control Agencies of the two countries were held in Dhaka on March 23-24, 2011.

Fig: Bangladesh-India Border

Boundary issues: Indias border with Bangladesh is 4,096 km. It is the longest border that India has with any of its neighbors. The Fourth Joint Boundary Working Group (JBWG) met in New Delhi on 10-11 November 2010 and discussed all outstanding land boundary issues with a view to arriving at a comprehensive solution. Joint Survey in Adversely Possessed Lands and Joint Headcount in enclaves are being held in compliance of the decisions taken at the 4th JBWG. The Joint Headcount in enclaves of India and Bangladesh was conducted from July 15-18, 2011 by joint teams of supervisors and enumerators from India and Bangladesh. The Joint Survey in Adverse Possessions of both countries has also almost been completed.

Sharing of River Waters India and Bangladesh share 54 common rivers. The Ganga Waters Treaty was signed on December 12, 1996 for water sharing of river Ganga during lean season (January 1-May 31). The 37th Joint Rivers Commission (JRC) meeting was held in New Delhi from March 17-20, 2010. Water Resources Secretarylevel meeting took place in Dhaka on January 10, 2011 which discussed interim water sharing arrangements in respect of Teesta and Feni rivers and water sharing of six other common rivers. A three member delegation led by BD Water Resources Secretary visited India on June 5-6, 2011 to hold further discussions on water related issues.

Bilateral Trade Bangladesh is an important trading partner for India. The two-way trade in FY 2010-2011 was US$5.099 billion with Indias exports to Bangladesh accounting for US$ 4.586 billion and imports US $ 0.512 million. The trade between the two countries in the last 5 years is as follows: (Figures in US$ million) 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 Indias exports 1864.70 2268.00 3364.00 2841.06 3202 4586.8 Indias imports 241.96 289.42 358.08 276.58 305 512.5 Total trade 2106.70 2557.40 3722.08 3117.64 3507 5099.3 Source: Bangladesh Bank/EPB Note: FY is July to June

Institutional Mechanisms

Some of the important institutional mechanisms that meet periodically to discuss bilateral issues include Joint Rivers Commission (JRC) and Joint Economic Commission (JEC) at Ministerial level, Foreign Office Consultations, Home, Commerce and Water Resources Secretary level talks, BSF-BDR DG level border coordination conference, Joint Working Group on Security (JWG), Joint Boundary Working Group (JBWG), Joint Working Group on Trade (JWG), Joint Group of Customs Officials (JGC), Protocol Renewal Committee and Standing Committee to review implementation of Protocol on Inland Water Transit and Trade, and InterGovernmental Railway Meeting. A Joint Group of Customs Meeting was held on January 18-19, 2011 in Dhaka wherein inter alia Standard Operating Procedure for movement of trucks was discussed. 13th meeting of the Standing Committee under India-Bangladesh Protocol on Inland Water Transit & Trade was held in Kolkata on January 23-24, 2011. 14th Meeting of the BIWTA was held in Goa wherein the bilateral protocol was renewed for one year till March 31, 2012.

Indias Economic Assistance to Bangladesh On the economic assistance side, India has extended a line of credit ofUS$1 billion to Bangladesh for a range of projects, including railway infrastructure, supply of BG locomotives and passenger coaches, procurement of buses, and dredging projects. The Line of Credit Agreement was signed in Dhaka on August 7, 2010 between EXIM Bank of India and Government of Bangladesh. India has stood by Bangladesh in its hour of need with aid worth over Taka 250 crore (over US $ 37 million) to help it cope with natural disasters and floods in 2007-08 including supply of 1,000 MT of skimmed milk powder, and 40,000 MT of rice. India is constructing 2,800 core shelters in the affected villages in Bagerhat district in southern Bangladesh. The first batch of core shelters have been handed over to Bangladesh at Sharonkhola, Bagerhat on July 9, 2011 thus facilitating rehabilitation of over 1600 families.

Technical Cooperation

Scholarships and training programmers under ITEC, TCS of Colombo Plan, ICCR, AYUSH, Commonwealth, SAARC and IOR-ARC scholarships/fellowship schemes are being offered to Bangladesh nationals. India offers 100 slots under ITEC and 35 slots under Technical Cooperation Scheme of Colombo Plan every year to Bangladesh. In the last three years (2006-07 to 2009-10), 414 participants from Bangladesh have undergone training in India under ITEC Programme and Technical Cooperation Scheme of Colombo Plan. Muktijoddha Scholarship Scheme extended by the Government of India to Higher Secondary-level students(200 scholarships) and Graduate-level students (478 scholarships). So far three Bangladesh Diplomats have been imparted training at Foreign Service Institute, New Delhi in 2011.

Cultural Exchanges Given the shared history and commonality of language, cultural exchanges form an important bond of friendship between the people of two countries. Special emphasis has been laid on promotion of exchanges in the fields of music, theatre, art, painting, books, etc. A bilateral Cultural Exchange Programmed (CEP) 2009-2012 provides the framework for such exchanges. To promote bilateral cultural exchanges, the Indira Gandhi Cultural Centre (IGCC) of Indian Council for Cultural Relations was inaugurated at Dhaka on March 11, 2010. Secretary, Ministry of Culture visited Bangladesh from December 19-22, 2010 and Bangladesh Culture Secretary visited India on April 6-8, 2011 for holding talks on joint celebrations of 150th anniversary of Rabindranath Tagore. The joint inaugural ceremonies were held in Dhaka on 6 May and New Delhi on 7 May 2011 and year-long celebrations are underway. In order to promote people to people exchanges, hundred (100) scholarships are being granted by ICCR every year to students from Bangladesh for pursuing general courses in arts, sciences, engineering and also specialized courses for culture, drama, music, fine arts and sports, etc. During Bangladesh PM Sheikh Hasinas visit in January 2010, India has offered to provide 300 scholarships annually for five years to students from Bangladesh for studying and training in Universities and training institutions in India.

AGREEMENT ON SOUTH ASIAN FREE TRADE AREA (SAFTA)

The Governments of the SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) Member States comprising the People's Republic of Bangladesh, the Kingdom of Bhutan, the Republic of India, the Republic of Maldives, the Kingdom of Nepal, the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka hereinafter referred to as "Contracting States" Motivated by the commitment to strengthen intra-SAARC economic cooperation to maximize the realization of the region's potential for trade and development for the benefit of their people, in a spirit of mutual accommodation, with full respect for the principles of sovereign equality, independence and territorial integrity of all States; Noting that the Agreement on SAARC Preferential Trading Arrangement (SAPTA) signed in Dhaka on the 11th of April 1993 provides for the adoption of various instruments of trade liberalization on a preferential basis; Convinced that preferential trading arrangements among SAARC Member States will act as a stimulus to the strengthening of national and SAARC economic resilience, and the development of the national economies of the Contracting States by expanding investment and production opportunities, trade, and foreign exchange earnings as well as the development of economic and technological cooperation; Aware that a number of regions are entering into such arrangements to enhance trade through the free movement of goods; Recognizing that Least Developed Countries in the region need to be accorded special and differential treatment commensurate with their development needs; and Recognizing that it is necessary to progress beyond a Preferential Trading Arrangement to move towards higher levels of trade and economic cooperation in the region by removing barriers to cross-border flow of goods;

Have agreed as follows:

Article - 1 Definitions For the purposes of this Agreement: 1. Concessions mean tariff, para-tariff and non-tariff concessions agreed under the Trade Liberalization Programmed; 2. Direct Trade Measures mean measures conducive to promoting mutual trade of Contracting States such as long and medium -term contracts containing import and supply commitments in respect of specific products, buy-back arrangements, state trading operations, and government and public procurement; 3. Least Developed Contracting State refers to a Contracting State which is designated as a "Least Developed Country" by the United Nations; 4. Margin of Preference means percentage of tariff by which tariffs are reduced on products imported from one Contracting State to another as a result of preferential treatment. 5. Non-Tariff Measures include any measure, regulation, or practice, other than "tariffs" and "Para tariffs". 6. Para-Tariffs mean border charges and fees, other than "tariffs", on foreign trade transactions of a tariff-like effect which are levied solely on imports, but not those indirect taxes and charges, which are levied in the same manner on like domestic products. Import charges corresponding to Article - 2 Establishment Article - 3 Objectives and Principles specific services rendered are not considered as para-tariff measures; 7. Products mean all products including manufactures and commodities in their raw, semi processed and processed forms; 8. SAPTA means Agreement on SAARC Preferential Trading Arrangement signed in Dhaka on the 11th of April 1993; 9. Serious injury means a significant impairment of the domestic industry of like or directly competitive products due to a surge in

preferential imports causing substantial losses in terms of earnings, production or employment unsustainable in the short term; 10. Tariffs mean customs duties included in the national tariff schedules of the Contracting States; 11. Threat of serious injury means a situation in which a substantial increase of preferential imports is of a nature to cause "serious injury" to domestic producers, and that such injury, although not yet existing, is clearly imminent. A determination of threat of serious injury shall be based on facts and not on mere allegation, conjecture, or remote or hypothetical possibility. The Contracting States hereby establish the South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) to promote and enhance mutual trade and economic cooperation among the Contracting States, through exchanging concessions in accordance with this Agreement. 1. The Objectives of this Agreement are to promote and enhance mutual trade and economic cooperation among Contracting States by, inter-alia: a) Eliminating barriers to trade in, and facilitating the cross-border movement of goods between the territories of the Contracting States; b) promoting conditions of fair competition in the free trade area, and ensuring equitable benefits to all Contracting States, taking into account their respective levels and pattern of economic development; c) Creating effective mechanism for the implementation and application of this Agreement, for its joint administration and for the resolution of disputes; and d) Establishing a framework for further regional cooperation to expand and enhance the mutual benefits of this Agreement. 2. SAFTA shall be governed in accordance with the following principles: a) SAFTA will be governed by the provisions of this Agreement and also by the rules, regulations, decisions, understandings and protocols to be agreed upon within its framework by the Contracting States; b) The Contracting States affirm their existing rights and obligations with respect to each other under Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization and other Treaties/Agreements to which such Contracting States are signatories; c) SAFTA shall be based and applied on the principles of overall reciprocity and mutuality of advantages in such a way as to benefit equitably all

Contracting States, taking into account their respective levels of economic and industrial development, the pattern of Article - 4 Instruments Article - 5 National Treatment Article - 6 Components Article - 7 Their external trade and tariff policies and systems; d) SAFTA shall involve the free movement of goods, between countries through, inter alia, the elimination of tariffs, para tariffs and non-tariff restrictions on the movement of goods, and any other equivalent measures; e) SAFTA shall entail adoption of trade facilitation and other measures, and the progressive harmonization of legislations by the Contracting States in the relevant areas; and f) The special needs of the Least Developed Contracting States shall be clearly recognized by adopting concrete preferential measures in their favor on a non-reciprocal basis. The SAFTA Agreement will be implemented through the following instruments:1. Trade Liberalization Programmed 2. Rules of Origin 3. Institutional Arrangements 4. Consultations and Dispute Settlement Procedures 5. Safeguard Measures 6. Any other instrument that may be agreed upon. Each Contracting State shall accord national treatment to the products of other Contracting States in accordance with the provisions of Article III of GATT 1994.

SAFTA may, inter- alia, consist of arrangements relating to: a) Tariffs; b) Para-tariffs; c) Non- tariff measures; d) Direct trade measures. Trade Liberalization Programmed Article - 8 Additional Measures 1. Contracting States agree to the following schedule of tariff reductions: a) The tariff reduction by the Non-Least Developed Contracting States from existing tariff rates to 20% shall be done within a time frame of 2 years, from the date of coming into force of the Agreement. Contracting States are encouraged to adopt reductions in equal annual installments. If actual tariff rates after the coming into force of the Agreement are below 20%, there shall be an annual reduction on a Margin of Preference basis of 10% on actual tariff rates for each of the two years. b) The tariff reduction by the Least Developed Contracting States from existing tariff rates will be to 30% within the time frame of 2 years from the date of coming into force of the agreement. If actual tariff rates on the date of coming into force of the Agreement are below 30%, there will be an annual reduction on a Margin of Preference basis of 5 % on actual tariff rates for each of the two years. c) The subsequent tariff reduction by Non-Least Developed Contracting States from 20% or below to 0-5% shall be done within a second time frame of 5 years, beginning from the third year from the date of coming into force of the Agreement. However, the period of subsequent tariff reduction by Sri Lanka shall be six years. Contracting States are encouraged to adopt reductions in equal annual installments, but not less than 15% annually. d) The subsequent tariff reduction by the Least Developed Contracting States from 30% or below to 0-5% shall be done within a second time frame of 8 years beginning from the third year from the date of coming into force of the Agreement. The Least Developed Contracting States are encouraged to adopt reductions in equal annual installments, not less than 10% annually.

2. The above schedules of tariff reductions will not prevent Contracting States from immediately reducing their tariffs to 0-5% or from following an accelerated schedule of tariff reduction. 3. a) Contracting States may not apply the Trade Liberalization Programmed as in paragraph 1 Above, to the tariff lines included in the Sensitive Lists which shall be negotiated by the Contracting States (for LDCs and Non -LDCs) and incorporated in this Agreement as an integral part. The number of products in the Sensitive Lists shall be subject to maximum ceiling to be mutually agreed among the Contracting States with flexibility to Least Developed Contracting States to seek derogation in respect of the products of their export interest; and b) The Sensitive List shall be reviewed after every four years or earlier as may be decided by SAFTA Ministerial Council (SMC), established under Article 10, with a view to reducing the number of items in the Sensitive List. 4. The Contracting States shall notify the SAARC Secretariat all non- tariff and para-tariff measures to their trade on an annual basis. The notified measures shall be reviewed by the Committee of Experts, established under Article 10, in its regular meetings to examine their compatibility with relevant WTO provisions. The Committee of Experts shall recommend the elimination or implementation of the measure in the least trade restrictive manner in order to facilitate intra SAARC trade1. 5. Contracting Parties shall eliminate all quantitative restrictions, except otherwise permitted under GATT 1994, in respect of products included in the Trade Liberalization Programmed. 6. Notwithstanding the provisions contained in paragraph 1 of this Article, the Non-Least Developed Contracting States shall reduce their tariff to 05% for the products of Least Developed Contracting States within a timeframe of three years beginning from the date of coming into force of the Agreement.

Article - 9 Extension of Negotiated Concessions Article - 10 Institutional Arrangements

Contracting States agree to consider, in addition to the measures set out in Article 7, the adoption of trade facilitation and other measures to support and complement SAFTA for mutual benefit. These may include, among others: a) Harmonization of standards, reciprocal recognition of tests and accreditation of testing laboratories of Contracting States and certification of products; b) Simplification on and harmonization of customs clearance procedure; c) Harmonization of national customs classification based on HS coding system; d) Customs cooperation to resolve dispute at customs entry points; e) Simplification and harmonization of import licensing and registration procedures; f) Simplification of banking procedures for import financing; g) Transit facilities for efficient intra-SAARC trade, especially for the landlocked Contracting States; h) Removal of barriers to intra-SAARC investments; i) Macroeconomic consultations; j) Rules for fair competition and the promotion of venture capital; k) Development of communication systems and transport infrastructure; l) Making exceptions to their foreign exchange restrictions, if any, relating to payments for products under the SAFTA scheme, as well as repatriation of such payments without prejudice to their rights under Article XVIII of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the relevant provisions of Articles of Treaty of the International Monetary Fund (IMF); and m) Simplification of procedures for business visas. Concessions agreed to, other than those made exclusively to the Least Developed Contracting States, shall be extended unconditionally to all Contracting States. 1. The Contracting States hereby establish the SAFTA Ministerial Council (hereinafter referred to as SMC).

2. The SMC shall be the highest decision -making body of SAFTA and shall be responsible for the administration and implementation of this Agreement and all decisions and arrangements made within its legal framework. 3. The SMC shall consist of the Ministers of Commerce/Trade of the Contracting States. 4. The SMC shall meet at least once every year or more often as and when considered necessary by the Contracting States. Each Contracting State shall chair the SMC for a period of one year on rotational basis in alphabetical order. 5. The SMC shall be supported by a Committee of Experts (hereinafter referred to as COE), with one nominee from each Contracting State at the level of a Senior Economic Official, with expertise in trade matters. 6. The COE shall monitor, review and facilitate implementation of the provisions of this Agreement and undertake any task assigned to it by the SMC. The COE shall submit its report to SMC every six months. 7. The COE will also act as Dispute Settlement Body under this Agreement. 8. The COE shall meet at least once every six months or more often as and when considered necessary by the Contracting States. Each Contracting State shall chair the COE for a period of Article - 11 Special and Differential Treatment for the Least Developed Contracting States Article - 12 Special Provision for Maldives One year on rotational basis in alphabetical order. 9. The SAARC Secretariat shall provide secretarial support to the SMC and COE in the discharge of heir functions. 10. The SMC and COE will adopt their own rules of procedure. In addition to other provisions of this Agreement, all Contracting States shall provide special and more favorable treatment exclusively to the Least Developed Contracting States as set out in the following sub-paragraphs:

a) The Contracting States shall give special regard to the situation of the Least Developed Contracting States when considering the application of anti-dumping and/or countervailing measures. In this regard, the Contracting States shall provide an opportunity to Least Developed Contracting States for consultations. The Contracting States shall, to the extent practical, favorably consider accepting price undertakings offered by exporters from Least Developed Contracting States. These constructive remedies shall be available until the trade liberalization programmed has been completed by all Contracting States. b) Greater flexibility in continuation of quantitative or other restrictions provisionally and without discrimination in critical circumstances by the Least Developed Contracting States on imports from other Contracting States. c) Contracting States shall also consider, where practical, taking direct trade measures with a view to enhancing sustainable exports from Least Developed Contracting States, such as long and medium-term contracts containing import and supply commitments in respect of specific products, buy-back arrangements, state trading operations, and government and public procurement. d) Special consideration shall be given by Contracting States to requests from Least Developed Contracting States for technical assistance and cooperation arrangements designed to assist them in expanding their trade with other Contracting States and in taking advantage of the potential benefits of SAFTA. A list of possible areas for such technical assistance shall be negotiated by the Contracting States and incorporated in this Agreement as an integral part. e) The Contracting States recognize that the Least Developed Contracting States may face loss of customs revenue due to the implementation of the Trade Liberalization Programmed under this Agreement. Until alternative domestic arrangements are formulated to address this situation, the Contracting States agree to establish an appropriate mechanism to compensate the Least Developed Contracting States for their loss of customs revenue. This mechanism and its rules and regulations shall be established prior to the commencement of the Trade Liberalization Programmed (TLP). Notwithstanding the potential or actual graduation of Maldives from the status of a Least Developed Country, it shall be accorded in this Agreement and in any subsequent contractual undertakings thereof treatment no less favorable than that provided for the Least Developed Contracting States. Article - 13

Non-application Article - 14 General Exceptions Article - 15 Balance of Payments Measures Notwithstanding the measures as set out in this Agreement its provisions shall not apply in relation to preferences already granted or to be granted by any Contracting State to other Contracting States outside the framework of this Agreement, and to third countries through bilateral, plurilateral and multilateral trade agreements and similar arrangements. a) Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to prevent any Contracting State from taking action and adopting measures which it considers necessary for the protection of its national security. b) Subject to the requirement that such measures are not applied in a manner which would constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination between countries where the similar conditions prevail, or a disguised restriction on intra-regional trade, nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to prevent any Contracting State from taking action and adopting measures which it considers necessary for the protection of: (i) Public morals; (ii) Human, animal or plant life and health; and (iii) Articles of artistic, historic and archaeological value. 1. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Agreement, any Contracting State facing serious balance of payments difficulties may suspend provisionally the concessions extended under this Agreement. 2. Any such measure taken pursuant to paragraph 1 of this Article shall be immediately notified to the Committee of Experts. 3. The Committee of Experts shall periodically review the measures taken pursuant to paragraph 1 of this Article. 4. Any Contracting State which takes action pursuant to paragraph I of this Article shall afford, upon request from any other Contracting State, adequate opportunities for consultations with a view to preserving the stability of concessions under SAFTA.

5. If no satisfactory adjustment is effected between the Contracting States concerned within 30 days of the beginning of such consultations, to be extended by another 30 days through mutual consent, the matter may be referred to the Committee of Experts. 6. Any such measures taken pursuant to paragraph 1 of this Article shall be phased out soon after the Committee of Experts comes to the conclusion that the balance of payments situation of the Contracting State concerned has improved. Article - 16 Safeguard Measures Article - 17 Maintenance of the Value of Concessions Article - 18 Rules of Origin 1. If any product, which is the subject of a concession under this Agreement, is imported into the territory of a Contracting State in such a manner or in such quantities as to cause, or threaten to cause, serious injury to producers of like or directly competitive products in the importing Contracting State, the importing Contracting State may, pursuant to an investigation by the competent authorities of that Contracting State conducted in accordance with the provisions set out in this Article, suspend temporarily the concessions granted under the provisions of this Agreement. The examination of the impact on the domestic industry concerned shall include an evaluation of all other relevant economic factors and indices having a bearing on the state of the domestic industry of the product and a causal relationship must be clearly established between "serious injury" and imports from within the SAARC region, to the exclusion of all such other factors. 2. Such suspension shall only be for such time and to the extent as may be necessary to prevent or remedy such injury and in no case, will such suspension be for duration of more than 3 years. 3. No safeguard measure shall be applied again by a Contracting State to the import of a product which has been subject to such a measure during the period of implementation of Trade Liberalization Programmed by the Contracting States, for a period of time equal to that during which such measure had been previously applied, provided that the period of nonapplication is at least two years.

4. All investigation procedures for resorting to safeguard measures under this Article shall be consistent with Article XIX of GATT 1994 and WTO Agreement on Safeguards 5. Safeguard action under this Article shall be non-discriminatory and applicable to the product imported from all other Contracting States subject to the provisions of paragraph 8 of this Article. 6. When safeguard provisions are used in accordance with this Article, the Contracting State invoking such measures shall immediately notify the exporting Contracting State(s) and the Committee of Experts. 7. In critical circumstances where delay would cause damage which it would be difficult to repair, a Contracting State may take a provisional safeguard measure pursuant to a preliminary determination that there is clear evidence that increased imports have caused or are threatening to cause serious injury. The duration of the provisional measure shall not exceed 200 days, during this period the pertinent requirements of this Article shall be met. 8. Notwithstanding any of the provisions of this Article, safeguard measures under this article shall not be applied against a product originating in a Least Developed Contracting State as long as its share of imports of the product concerned in the importing Contracting State does not exceed 5 per cent, provided Least Developed Contracting States with less than 5% import share collectively account for not more than 15% of total imports of the product concerned. Any of the concessions agreed upon under this Agreement shall not be diminished or nullified, by the application of any measures restricting trade by the Contracting States, except under the provisions of other articles of this Agreement. Article - 19 Consultations Article - 20 Dispute Settlement Mechanism Rules of Origin shall be negotiated by the Contracting States and incorporated in this Agreement as an integral part. 1. Each Contracting State shall accord sympathetic consideration to and will afford adequate opportunity for consultations regarding representations made by another Contracting State with respect to any matter affecting the operation of this Agreement.

2. The Committee of Experts may, at the request of a Contracting State, consult with any Contracting State in respect of any matter for which it has not been possible to find a satisfactory solution through consultations under paragraph 1. 1. Any dispute that may arise among the Contracting States regarding the interpretation and application of the provisions of this Agreement or any instrument adopted within its framework concerning the rights and obligations of the Contracting States will be amicably settled among the parties concerned through a process initiated by a request for bilateral consultations. 2. Any Contracting State may request consultations in accordance with paragraph 1 of this Article with other Contracting State in writing stating the reasons for the request including identification of the measures at issue. All such requests should be notified to the Committee of Experts, through the SAARC Secretariat with an indication of the legal basis for the complaint. 3. If a request for consultations is made pursuant to this Article, the Contracting State to which the request is made shall, unless otherwise mutually agreed, reply to the request within 15 days after the date of its receipt and shall enter into consultations in good faith within a period of no more than 30 days after the date of receipt of the request, with a view to reaching a mutually satisfactory solution. 4. If the Contracting State does not respond within 15 days after the date of receipt of the request, or does not enter into consultations within a period of no more than 30 days, or a period otherwise mutually agreed, after the date of receipt of the request, then the Contracting State that requested the holding of consultations may proceed to request the Committee of Experts to settle the dispute in accordance with working procedures to be drawn up by the Committee. 5. Consultations shall be confidential, and without prejudice to the rights of any Contracting State in any further proceedings. 6. If the consultations fail to settle a dispute within 30 days after the date of receipt of the request for consultations, to be extended by a further period of 30 days through mutual consent, the complaining Contracting State may request the Committee of Experts to settle the dispute. The complaining Contracting State may request the Committee of Experts to settle the dispute during the 60-day period if the consulting Contracting States jointly consider that consultations have failed to settle the dispute.

7. The Committee of Experts shall promptly investigate the matter referred to it and make recommendations on the matter within a period of 60 days from the date of referral. 8. The Committee of Experts may request a specialist from a Contracting State not party to the dispute selected from a panel of specialists to be established by the Committee within one year from the date of entry into force of the Agreement for peer review of the matter referred to it. Such review shall be submitted to the Committee within a period of 30 days from the date of referral of the matter to the specialist. Article - 21 Withdrawal Article - 22 Entry into Force Article - 23 Reservations 9. Any Contracting State, which is a party to the dispute, may appeal the recommendations of the Committee of Experts to the SMC. The SMC shall review the matter within the period of 60 days from date of submission of request for appeal. The SMC may uphold, modify or reverse the recommendations of the Committee of Experts. 10. Where the Committee of Experts or SMC concludes that the measure subject to dispute is inconsistent with any of the provisions of this Agreement, it shall recommend that the Contracting State concerned bring the measure into conformity with this Agreement. In addition to its recommendations, the Committee of Experts or SMC may suggest ways in which the Contracting State concerned could implement the recommendations. 11. The Contracting State to which the Committee's or SMC's recommendations are addressed shall within 30 days from the date of adoption of the recommendations by the Committee or SMC, inform the Committee of Experts of its intentions regarding implementation of the recommendations. Should the said Contracting State fail to implement the recommendations within 90 days from the date of adoption of the recommendations by the Committee, the Committee of Experts may authorize other interested Contracting States to withdraw concessions having trade effects equivalent to those of the measure in dispute.

1. Any Contracting State may withdraw from this Agreement at any time after its entry into force. Such withdrawal shall be effective on expiry of six months from the date on which a written notice thereof is received by the Secretary-General of SAARC, the depositary of this Agreement. That Contracting State shall simultaneously inform the Committee of Experts of the action it has taken. 2. The rights and obligations of a Contracting State which has withdrawn from this Agreement shall cease to apply as of that effective date. 3. Following the withdrawal by any Contracting State, the Committee shall meet within 30 days to consider action subsequent to withdrawal. 1. This Agreement shall enter into force on 1st January 2006 upon completion of formalities, including ratification by all Contracting States and issuance of a notification thereof by the SAARC Secretariat. This Agreement shall supersede the Agreement on SAARC Preferential Trading Arrangement (SAPTA). 2. Notwithstanding the super cession of SAPTA by this Agreement, the concessions granted under the SAPTA Framework shall remain available to the Contracting States until the completion of the Trade Liberalization Programmed. This Agreement shall not be signed with reservations, nor will reservations be admitted at the time of notification to the SAARC Secretariat of the completion of formalities.

Article - 24 Amendments This Agreement may be amended by consensus in the SAFTA Ministerial Council. Any such amendment will become effective upon the deposit of instruments of acceptance with the Secretary General of SAARC by all Contracting States.

Article 25 Depository This Agreement will be deposited with the Secretary General of SAARC, who will promptly furnish a certified copy thereof to each Contracting State.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned being duly authorized thereto by their respective Governments have signed this Agreement.
DONE in ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN, On This The Sixth Day Of the Year Two Thousand Four, In Nine Originals In The English Language All Texts Being Equally Authentic. M. MORSHED KHAN Minister for Foreign Affairs People's Republic of Bangladesh NADO RINCHHEN Officiating Minister for Foreign Affairs Kingdom of Bhutan YASHWANT SINHA Minister of External Affairs Republic of India FATHULLA JAMEEL Minister of Foreign Affairs Republic of Maldives DR. BHEKH B. THAPA Ambassador-at-large for Foreign Affairs His Majesty's Government of Nepal KHURSHID M. KASURI Minister of Foreign Affairs Islamic Republic of Pakistan TYRONNE FERNANDO Minister of Foreign Affairs Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka 1The initial notification shall be made within three months from the date of coming into force of the Agreement and the COE shall review the notification in its first meeting and take appropriate decisions.

Prime Minister Manmohan Singh's historic visit to Bangladesh

Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on Tuesday left on a two-day visit to Bangladesh that is expected to put the bumpy bilateral ties in a new trajectory through signing of deals in a range of sectors including extradition of sentenced persons, connectivity, power, exchange of enclaves and border management. However, the visit has been clouded by the uncertainty over the signing of an accord on sharing of waters of Teesta River following strong reservations expressed by West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee who pulled out of the visit. Diplomatic sources said the two countries were also considering signing of a long-term framework agreement for forging close bilateral relations.

Bangladesh and India had signed a 25-year Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Peace on March 19, 1972. The two governments, however, declined to renegotiate or renew the treaty when it expired in 1997. The framework of agreement, the sources said, will provide a structure, and identify priorities of the relationship. PM's agenda In a statement on the eve of his departure for Dhaka, Singh put security, boundary issues, water resources, power connectivity, improvement of border infrastructure, trade facilitation and economic cooperation on his agenda in Bangladesh and said efforts would be made to sustain and build upon the "positive momentum". During his visit, Singh would hold talks with his Bangladesh counterpart Sheikh Hasina, call on President Zillur Rahman and hold meetings with opposition leaders Begum Khaleda Zia and Jatiya Party chief Hussain Muhammed Ershad, the former military dictator. Agreements on land boundary, water resources, market access and power purchase are crucial for Bangladesh while transit and security are prime concerns of India. Giving security cooperation a leg-up, an extradition pact is likely to be inked by the two sides in the presence of Singh and Hasina after their talks in Dhaka on Wednesday. Top ULFA leader Anup Chetia, now in Bangladesh after having served his sentence, could be the first to send back to India under the new accord. Likely MoUs, agreements the two countries were likely to sign agreements, protocols, and memorandums of understanding (MoUs) on withdrawal of water from Feni River by India for a drinking water project and a 20-year agreement on purchase of 250 megawatt power by Bangladesh from India at a preferential rate. Bangladesh might purchase another 250 MW power at the international market rate. The two countries were likely to sign a package protocol under the 1974 Mujib-Indira Land Boundary Agreement which will deal with five legacy issues -- exchange of enclaves and adversely possessed land, demarcation of 6.5 km of un-demarcated border, allowing Bangladeshis to use "Tin Bigha Corridor" for 24 hours, and finalisation of a strip map.

A likely MoU on trade liberalization will allow duty-free entry of several of the 61 Bangladeshi products, most of them garments, to India. This will be signed under the Trade Agreement between the two countries. First visit by Indian PM in 12 years The maiden bilateral visit by Singh, the first by an Indian prime minister in

12 years, aims at consolidating the process set in motion during the landmark visit of Hasina to India in January, 2010, to craft new paradigm relations, said Foreign Secretary Ranjan Mathai ahead of the visit. A protocol on Protection of Royal Bengal Tiger in the Sundarbans was also likely to be inked. Besides, the two countries might sign an MoU on Preservation of Biodiversity in the Sundarbans. Bangladesh and India were also likely to sign MoUs on cooperation on renewable energy, telecast of programmed of Doordarshan and stateowned BTV, cooperation in fisheries sector and cooperation between Dhaka University and Jawaharlal Nehru University in New Delhi. CMs form part of PM's delegation In a statement prior to his departure for Dhaka, the prime minister said India's partnership with Bangladesh was important for the stability and prosperity of north-eastern states. He was accompanied by chief ministers of four north-eastern states -- Assam, Tripura, Meghayala and Mizoram -on his trip to Dhaka. An accord on allowing transit to Nepal through Rohanpur (Chapai Nawabganj) in Bangladesh and Singabad in India might also be signed. There was also the possibility of signing of an agreement on railway connectivity between Akhaura and Agartala, alignment construction of which is nearing completion. India's pressing issue of transit was expected to be signed under existing Trade Agreement between the two countries. Under it, three separate protocols on use of Chittagong and Mongla seaports of Bangladesh and roads and railway were on the cards. Both the countries would make arrangements for the use of their waterways, roadways and railways for commerce between the two countries for passage of goods between mainlands India to its northeastern states through Bangladeshi territory.

Report about Manmohan Singhs visit in Bangladesh in a Indias newspaper: New Delhi, Sep 5: Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh embarked on his first ever visit as the head of government to Bangladesh today. Accompanying Dr. Singh on the two-day visit are External Affairs Minister S. M. Krishna, Water Resources Minister Pawan Kumar Bansal, Chief Minister of Assam -Tarun Gogoi, Chief Minister of Tripura - Manik Sarkar, Chief Minister of Meghalaya - Mukul Sangma and Chief Minister of Mizoram - Lal Thanhawla. The agreements expected to be signed during the Prime Minister's visit are: Water-sharing agreements on the Teesta and Feni Rivers, import of

electricity from India, a historic land boundary agreement. Several MoUs on fisheries, renewable energy, and power generation and trade liberalization and access to goods. The most important and path breaking deal is the one involving land transfer. India is to hand over 111 enclaves to Bangladesh and in return get 51 enclaves. This is a historic confidence building measure that could improve the lives of thousands of people of Indian and Bangladeshi origin trapped in villages on the border since its creation in 1971. India's longstanding request of transit through Bangladesh is also likely to be met during this visit. (ANI)

4.0 Conclusion:
The agreements expected to be signed during the Prime Minister's visit are: Water-sharing agreements on the Teesta and Feni Rivers, import of electricity from India, a historic land boundary agreement. Several MoUs on fisheries, renewable energy, and power generation and trade liberalization and access to goods. Diplomatic sources said the two countries were also considering signing of a long-term framework agreement for forging close bilateral relations. Bangladesh and India had signed a 25-year Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Peace on March 19, 1972. The two governments, however, declined to renegotiate or renew the treaty when it expired in

1997. The framework of agreement, the sources said, will provide a structure, and identify priorities of the relationship. PM's agenda in a statement on the eve of his departure for Dhaka, Singh put security, boundary issues, water resources, power connectivity, improvement of border infrastructure, trade facilitation and economic cooperation agenda in Bangladesh and said efforts would be made to sustain and build upon the "positive momentum". The two countries were likely to sign a package protocol under the 1974 Mujib-Indira Land Boundary Agreement which will deal with five legacy issues -- exchange of enclaves and adversely possessed land, demarcation of 6.5 km of un-demarcated border, allowing Bangladeshis to use "Tin Bigha Corridor" for 24 hours, and finalisation of a strip map. Though Teesta deal is not signed, it is possible to sign this deal in future if two countries continue its relationship. And we think we will get more opportunity to develop our economy through more deal between two countries in future.

Overall reciprocity and mutuality of advantages so as to benefit equitably all Contracting States, taking into account their respective level of economic and industrial development, the pattern of their external trade, and trade and tariff policies and systems; Negotiation of tariff reform step by step, improved and extended in successive stages through periodic reviews; Recognition of the special needs of the Least Developed Contracting States and agreement on concrete preferential measures in their favor; and Inclusion of all products, manufactures and commodities in their raw, semi-processed and processed forms. Four rounds of trade negotiations have been concluded under SAPTA covering over 5000 commodities. Each Round contributed to an incremental trend in the product coverage and the deepening of tariff concessions over previous Rounds.

5.0 Appended parts 5.1Appendix:

Safta treaty & trade agreement, Information retrieved on September 12, 2011 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki September 8, 2011 Safta treaty & trade agreement, Information retrieved on

From The Prothom Alo Safta treaty & trade agreement, Information retrieved on September 8, 2011 From The Daily Star

THE END