PERSONAL PROFILE: Name: Mae Avelina d.T.

Jacoba Age: 19 years old Sex: Female Birthday: November 26, 1993 Religion: Protestant School Graduated: Western Mindanao State University Laboratory Highschool Year Graduated: 2010 Honours Received: Graduated as 5th Honourable Mention WMSUS College Entrance Test Result: Wmsus Nursing Aptitude Test Result:

LEVEL 1

THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING What is this all about? This course enables students to build on basic knowledge of theory in nursing and to expand their understanding of philosophy as it pertains to the development of knowledge in nursing. The emphasis will be on analyzing the theoretical foundations that shape nursing as a discipline and a practice. Topics include an analysis of some of the assumptions and beliefs about nursing, patterns of knowing, and theory development as they pertain to the broader issue of knowledge development in nursing. This subject was taken during first year- first semester. We learned a lot from our class adviser, she taught us the different theories in the nursing field which can be applied in the nursing practice, nursing research, nursing education as well as nursing administration and informatics. So what is the significance of a theory in nursing filed, simply it helps us to settle on what we know and what we need to know in the future. Nursing theories , in many cases serve as an excellent help in the development and expansion of knowledge. These theories aid students to become efficient and effective professional nurses in the near future. The subject matter answered the question what is nursing all about. Accordingly, the term nurse originated from the Latin word nutrix which means to nourish. We viewed nursing both an art and a science. Why an art? Because it is concerned with skills that require proficiency. It is science because it requires systematic application of scientific knowledge. Nurses should render a Tender Loving Care to the patients/clients. As nursing students, we should apply these following things in the nursing filed: Knowledge, Skills, Attitude and Values, but how could we get these things if we dont know the basic theories in nursing. During classroom discussion we had an active interaction between the class adviser and students. We also had group works, it was not just about learning the subject matter but also learning the people inside the classroom, knowing them more through group activities.

So, what are some examples of the different theories/concepts in nursing? Environmental theory by Florence Nightingale(known as Lady with the Lamp) , Definition of Nursing by Virginia Henderson, Self-car Theory by Dorothea Orem, Adaptation model by Sister Callista Roy, Goal attainment Theory by Imogene King , Psychoanalytic Theory by Sigmund Freud, Cognitive Theory by Jean Piaget, Interpersonal Relations Theory by Hildegard Peplau and Nursing Process Theory by Ida Jean Orlando.

We also learned about this Article 4 Section 5: Competency Standards which states that the graduates of Bachelor of Science in Nursing program must be able to apply analytical and critical thinking in the nursing practice. The nurse must be competent in the following key areas of responsibility: 1. Safe and quality nursing care. 2. Management of resources and environment. 3. Health Education 4. Legal responsibility 5. Ethico-Moral responsibility 6. Personal and Professional development 7. Quality improvement 8. Research 9. Records management 10.Communication 11.Collaboration and Team work We also talked about the different roles of nurses, and these are the following: Care giver which nurses must provide care and comfort to patients/clients. Another , Communicator we all know communication facilitates understanding between two persons, for nurses to render a quality health care they need to have a good/therapeutic type of communication with the patients. Teacher, as a health educator nurses should conduct health teachings with the patients so that it would improve patients present health status. Researcher, we conduct

researches/studies to improve nursing practice. And as a counsellor, nurses help client to cope with stress brought about patients condition. We also tackled about the 7Cs in the nursing profession which are as follows: Compassion, Competence, Confidence, Conscience, Commitment, Comportment and Creativity. It is such a big honour to be learning all this things, for almost 5 months we are learned other would think that is it enough to be learning all those things with just few months time, for me, yes, it is enough because of the effort of our adviser and our perseverance and cooperation present within ourselves ,we ended up with a lot of knowledge , a knowledge that we will be using for the rest of our lives.

NCM 100 A: FUNDAMENTAL OF NURSING PRACTICE This course provides the students with the overview of nursing as a science, an art and a profession. It deals with the concept of man as a holistic being comprised of bio-psycho- socio and spiritual dimensions. It includes discussion on the different roles of a nurse emphasizing health promotion, maintenance of health as well as prevention of illness utilizing the nursing process. It includes the basic nursing skills needed in the care of individual patients/clients. The scope of this subject was during first year-second semester. We learned about the nursing process. But what is this nursing process all about nursing process is a systematic method of planning, delivering, and evaluating individualized care for clients in any state of health or illness. Based on the scientific problem-solving method, it constitutes the foundation for nursing practice. We have 5 characteristics of nursing process and these are the following: The nursing process is systematic and organized with specific components: Assessment: Collection of data from the patient/client where we have 2 sources of information/data : -Subjective Cues in most instances, the primary source of information is the client. The client who is oriented and responds appropriately can provide the most information about his past and present illnesses, life-style, and health care needs. Subjective cues are the one the patient verbalizes. Another is the Objective Cues- observation of the interaction between the client and family/significant others can provide you with insight into the effects of the clients condition on the family unit, which may be pertinent in the planning of care. Nursing diagnosis: analysis of assessment data to determine the clients actual and potential health problems. Planning: development of a plan of action to reduce, resolve, or prevent potential problems, establish priorities, formulating goals/expected outcomes ,and

planning nursing actions while documenting the nursing care plan. We may be able to use the Maslows Hierarchy of needs Theory this aids in identifying prioritize problem. Implementation: the delivery of nursing care, performing the planned nursing interventions while continuing to collect data about the client. Evaluation- Determining the effectiveness of care rendered.

A week after every discussion our adviser evaluates our learning through giving examinations/quizzes. She also gave us assignments about the subject matter, she wanted us to read in advance. We also had an active participation when it comes to classroom discussion. We also talked about the types of communication : the verbal communication which can be spoken or written words and non-verbal communication use of gestures, expressions and behaviours simply what we called body language. We all know in our field communication is very important through this we may be able to gather informations from the client. Our adviser highlighted about Confidentiality and Honesty, especially when gathering informations from the client , nurses as well us, student nurses must execute these values. It was also taught to us that in questioning the patient we must not start it with a Why question. It was also taught to us the importance and purposes of documentation/recording and reporting. We need to record everything what we have done to our patients for us to save us from Big Troubles, since these documents also serves as a legal document that can be brought to the court in case there are some misunderstanding between the hospital personnel and staffs and patients. It also aids in monitoring the clients response to interventions rendered to him. And these documents could also be used in research.

At the end of the semester we learned more, gain more knowledge. We are exposed to what a nurse profession really is. And those things we learned from our adviser we would be bringing it throughout our life as nurses in the future.

NCM 100 B RELATED LEARNING EXPERIENCE The course provides with the overview of Nursing as a Science, an Art and a Profession. It shall include discussions on the different roles of a nurse emphasizing on health promotion, illness prevention and maintenance of health utilizing the nursing process as basis for nursing practice. This was taken first year- second semester. Our schedule that time was 7:00 am to 3:00pm. It was our first time to wore the type b uniform so we are all excited. Since it was our first day we first had an orientation about the rules and regulations when it comes to RLE. After that our class was divided into 3 groups, and we were assigned to different clinical instructors. In the afternoon we had a macrodemonstartion for the whole class afterwards a micro demonstration was done. We had 3 things to be performed: vital signs taking, bed making and bed bath which are samples basic nursing care rendered to patients/clients. The said activities were performed with a partner. We were not exposed yet to neither community nor hospital, we have done these things in our laboratory. We also conducted a Nurse-Patient Interaction (NPI), we identified and assessed client in the campus. What we learned from our classroom especially about those types of communications was applied during the interview with the client. We used the 11 functional health patterns by Gordon in interviewing the client: 1. Health perception-Health management Pattern 2. Nutrition Metabollic Pattern 3. Elimination Pattern 4. Activity Exercise Pattern 5. Cognitive Perception Pattern

6. Sleep-Rest Pattern 7. Self Perception Self-Concept Pattern 8. Role Relationship Pattern 9. Sexuality Reproductive Pattern 10.Coping Stress Tolerance Pattern 11.Values Belief Pattern After performing all the laboratory activities we had an ocular inspection in the communities assigned to our school and made a learning feedback about the said activity and it was a good experience it was not just about looking and observing around the community but spending time with the group mates and clinical instructor also and I enjoyed a lot that day. In the end, we learned to do some of the cares rendered to the patients and we were able to apply the things we learned from the classroom discussions.

HEALTH ASSESSMENT

Nursing assessment is the gathering of information about the patients physiological, psychological, sociological and spiritual status. Nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential health problems. Diagnosis and treatment are achieved through a process, called the nursing process, which guides nursing practice. The nursing process is a systematic problem-solving method that has five steps: Assessment, Nursing Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation. Assessment is the process of collecting, validating, and clustering data. It sets the tone for the rest of the process, and the rest of the process flows from it. Thus it is very important to carry out a complete and holistic nursing assessment of every patients needs. The main purpose of this step is to identify the patients nursing problems. Assessment is simply thinking, doing, and feeling process. We need to think as we interact with our patients. In this subject, we learned the different ways on how to assess newborn, infant, toddler, preschooler, adolescent and even an older adult. Different techniques were taught to us in assessing the patient. It consist of inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation. But before starting the first step, we need to explain first to the patient the reason or the rationale of each procedure that we will be doing, to gain their cooperation and for them to be relaxed while it is being done. We also have to ensure confidentiality to gain their trust. Different techniques are to be imparted in interviewing the patients. Affirmation/ Facilitation, Silence, Clarifying, Restating, Active listening, broad/ General Openings, Reflection, Humor and Informing are some ways on communicating with the patient. For the data, it can be classified as to subjective and objective. Subjective data are covert and not measurable. They reflect on what the patient is experiencing and it include thoughts, feelings, beliefs, sensations and perceptions; these are referred to as symptoms. While Objective data are overt and measurable and these are referred to as signs. Data sources are either primary or secondary. The patient is the primary data source and the secondary data source is anything aside from the patient. There are several frameworks in organizing the

data. Common frameworks include: Maslows Hierarchy of Human Needs, Roys Adaptation Theory, and Gordons Functional Health Pattern. Physical assessment helps validate subjective data found in the history, identify any health problems and evaluate the patients response to treatment. The physical examination should always begin with a general survey and a measurement of vital signs, height and weight. The following are also to be assessed: Pain, mental health, wellness, nutrition, spiritual being, integumentary system, neck, head, and knee, eye and ear, respiratory system, cardiovascular system, lymphatic system, breast, abdomen, female genitourinary system, male genitourinary system, motor- musculoskeletal system, sensory-neurologic system, a mother-to-be, newborn and infant, toddler ad preschooler, school-age child and adolescent, and an older adult.

LEVEL 2

COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING (CHN A)

The concept of community is defined as, A group of people with common characteristics or interests living together within a territory or geographical boundary. The concept of health is defined as, A balanced state of well-being resulting from harmonious interactions of body, mind, and spirit.. And community health is the part of paramedical and medical intervention/ approach which is concerned on the health of the health population. It aims health prevention, disease prevention and management of factors affecting health. Community Health Nursing, as defined by Maglaya, The utilization of the Nursing process in the different levels of clientele- individuals, family, population groups and communities, concerned with the promotion of health, prevention of disease and disability and rehabilitation.. In CHN, the client is considered as an active partner, not a passive recipient of care. The key elements of Education are Knowledge, Skills, and Attidude or KSA. And the 3 elements of Communication are Message, Sender and Receiver. The public health workers are composed of: Physician, Registered Nurse, Registered Midwife, Dentist, Nutritionist, Medical Technologist, Pharmacist, and Rural Sanitary Inspector. There are 3 levels of health care, primary which is the prevention of illness, secondary is the curative, and the tertiary is the rehabilitative. We have also discussed in the classroom the different communicable diseases and noncommunicable diseases. Communicable diseases such as, Tuberculosis, Chicken pox, Measles, Shingles, Flu, Mumps, Malaria and etc. Noncommunicable diseases such as, DM, Osteoporosis, Hypertension, Gout, Arthritis, Asthma and etc. These are just some of the topics that have been discussed inside the classroom.

COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING (CHN B)

In the community, as we are exposed in different areas, we were given the chance to interact with different families. We paid a home visit to these families. Home visit has 5 phases, the initiation phase, previsit phase, in-home phase, termination phase and post visit phase. In Initiation phase, we state the purpose of our visit to the client; next is the previsit phase where we initiate the contact to the family; In the in-home phase, we establish rapport, nurse-client relationship and implement the nursing process. For the termination phase, we review visit to the family and plan for future visits. And lastly in the post visit, we record the visit and plan for the next visit. We assess each member of the family and try to determine problems that alter their health. After assessing, we plan series of intervention, implement it and then evaluate. In every corresponding diseases, there should be health education. So we teach them the things that they want to know and they need to know, for them to be knowledgeable and to decrease the chance of having the illness. And if for instance we encounter illnesses that needs referral, we coordinate with the health center and they will be the one to take care of it. We also conduct programs in the community, we ask families (who are available) to gather in an area and participate in the activities that we have prepared. These programs aim to develop the awareness of the community, we give the advantages of making their surrounding clean (preventive) and can collaborate with the barangay health center. We also assist in the activities of the health center. We helped in the Immunization day, Prenatal care and Fieldwork. In everything we do, we are facilitated by our Clinical Instructor.

LEVEL 3

NCM 103 A & B: CARE OF CLIENTS WITH PROBLEMS IN OXYGENATION, FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE, METABOLISM AND ENDOCRINE

Principles and technique of nursing care management of sick clients across lifespan with emphasis on the adult and the older person; population group in any setting with alterations/ problems in oxygenation, fluid and electrolyte balance, nutrition, metabolism, endocrine function, preoperative nursing care. I realized more the essence of Nursing, when I met Medical Surgical Nursing. In Medical surgical nursing youll encounter different kinds of illnesses and youll be able to appreciate more the norm from alterations or abnormalities occurred. I guess this realization wont happen without having a good mentor who has the ability to motivate you on reading the book, a peculiar teaching strategy of not memorizing but understanding nor shall I say comprehending what you read. NCM A which is more on theories will be useless without NCM B which is the application of learned theories. On NCM B, its like making imagination materialized, learned theories are being applied and youll learn more. In communities, we are tasked to look for patients whose illness condition is related on subjects being taught to us as well as practicing the previously taught NCMs on lower year levels. In hospitals, we deal with initially diagnosed patients and practice keen, reliable and comprehensive nursing assessment as well as proper documentation. In NCM B we are taught on health education through health teaching on clients, safe and quality nursing care being rendered, utilization of available resources cause not all set ups are ideal, researches so that proper interventions are being rendered, proper techniques on handling the client as well as procedures done with emphasis on promotive , preventive, curative and rehabilitative pattern of nursing care. WMSU College of nursing has taught me many things not just theories as well as values and disciplines that have instilled in me, and I thank very mentor,

staffs of the college of nursing for feeding me this theories, experiences and values which was/ is very useful/ helpful on dealing with my everyday routines in life.

NCM 104A & B: CARE OF CLIENTS WITH PROBLEMS IN INFLAMMATORY AND IMMUNOLOGIC RESPONSE, PERCEPTION AND COORDINATION

They say that the most difficult part during college is third year. It is the time where students are being moulded not just mentally but also physically and emotionally. And during first semester, I found out that it is true. The subjects offered were difficult compared to the previous ones. And the teachers were also strict. But still, the semester ended up well. And now it is already in the middle of the second semester. Our subject, NCM 104, focuses on the care of client with problems in inflammatory and immunologic response and perception and coordination. It is a 5-unit lecture and 4-unit RLE. 90 hours will be spent for classroom discussion while 204 hours in the clinical area. According to its description, it deals with the concepts, principles, and theories of human behaviour and the care of the sick client across the lifespan with emphasis on the adult and older person, population group experiencing alterations in inflammatory and immunologic response and perception and coordination on varied settings. Honestly, this is one of the hardest subjects in Nursing. But we considered ourselves lucky because the college provided us one of the best teachers in the college. Though the semester is not yet done but we already learned many things. She teaches us starting from the basic like the anatomy and physiology of each system involved. When teaching, she makes sure that everyone remembers it that is why we are obliged to have a big notebook in order to jot down important details. In this notebook, assignments were also written and will be checked in the end of the meeting. It is a good thing because points given are added into our quizzes. In addition, we are also asked to have our own book to read in advance the topics. In our subject matter, the first unit was all about alterations in inflammatory and immunologic response. In this unit the concepts were all about the immune system. Under it, we have learned the assessments, treatments, laboratory exams and tests, managements, and of course the diseases that may acquire during the breakdown of the immune system such as Roseola infantum, Varicella, Herpes

zoster, rubella and a lot more. Afterwards, the unit two is all about alterations in perception and coordination. We are not yet done discussing it but Im sure that we will finish it just in time. We started the unit by reviewing the structure and function of the musculoskeletal system. And now we are in our final term which covers up the disturbances of neurologic system and visual and sensory senses. The discussion was interesting because our teacher tells her own experiences as a nurse for us to appreciate more and further understand the topic. As a matter of fact, besides the unit exams she is fond of giving surprise quizzes to know if we have learned something. But then I know its for our own good. For NCM 104 B, which is the RLE, is the application of knowledge, skills, and attitudes we have learned inside the classroom. Each of us is assigned to different clinical areas either in hospitals or communities. Before we are exposed to the area, orientation is given to us to know what the things we should do and should not. In a hospital setting, taking extra precautions are necessary for the safety of both the students and patients. The only advantage here is that you can have the chance to observe and performed certain procedures to the patients under the supervision of the clinical instructors. For the community, the same things are applied except in here students are asked as much as possible to look for clients who have problems related to the concepts studied in the classroom. And afterwards, the case of each student is presented for further knowledge about the disease process then to be followed by the discussion of the CI. What interests me is that I got the chance to experienced things that will be helpful for the future. And another is that it improves my knowledge, skills, and attitude as a student nurse.