Training Course on

Millennium Development Goals in the

SAARC Region: Progress, Prospects and Way Forward
July 16-21, 2012

Organized by SAARC Human Resource Development Center Islamabad-Pakistan

Training Report
Millennium Development Goals in the SAARC Region: Progress, Prospects and Way Forward

July 16-21, 2012

Organized By SAARC Human Resource Development Centre Islamabad-Pakistan

Contents

Contents
Foreword Executive Summary Introduction Inaugural Ceremony Introductory Session Working Sessions Concluding Ceremony i ii 1 3 4 5

Annexure
Annex-I Annex-II Annex-III Annex-IV List of Participants Working Program Power Point Presentations by Resource Persons Country Reports

Foreword

Foreword
At the onset of the new millennium, 189 world leaders from Member States of the United Nations made a historic commitment during the United Nations Millennium Summit in 2000 when they agreed to adopt the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) with the aim of bringing peace, security and development to all people. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are eight goals, 18 targets and 48 indicators to be achieved by 2015 that respond to the world's main development challenges. All the SAARC Member States have committed to achieving the MDGs; however pprogress towards reaching the goals has been uneven. With only three years remaining, Member Countries have started to take a serious look at their ability to meet the targets of the MDGs adopted in 2000. The SAARC Member States have to strengthen commitment to the MDGs through integration of the MDGs driven targets into their national and sub-national policies and legal frameworks as well as in budgetary priorities. Achieving progress towards the MDGs entails multi-pronged approaches including inclusive and sustainable growth, investment in anti-poverty programs, effective service delivery, adequate investment in education and health sectors, good governance, creating job opportunities, capacity building and fiscal stimulus for social expenditure. I hope that the report of the training course Millennium Development Goals in the SAARC Region: Progress, Prospects and Way Forward, will be useful for government policy makers, planners, academics and all those working for the common objective of meeting the MDGs by 2015. It has been prepared to facilitate the exchange of knowledge and to stimulate discussion. I extend my thanks to the distinguished resource persons, experts and participants for their valuable contributions during the training sessions. Thanks are due to the SHRDC Staff particularly Dr. Javed Humayun, Research Fellow (Training)/Course Coordinator and Mr. Rehmat Wali Khan, Education Officer/Focal Person for making the training course a success. Finally, I express my gratitude and thanks to the SAARC Secretariat and Member States for their continued support and cooperation. SHRDC is looking forward for comments and views, if any, to improve the contents and quality of the future training programs. This report is also available on the SHRDC website: www.shrdc.org.

Dr. Riffat Aysha Anis Director SHRDC

Executive Summary Executive Summary

SAARC Human Resource Development Centre (SHRDC), Islamabad organized a training course on Millennium Development Goals in the SAARC Region: Progress, Prospects and Way Forward from July 16-21, 2012. Brig (R) Amanullah, Director General, National Centre for Rural Development, Islamabad inaugurated the training course. Participants from Afghanistan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka attended the course. The main objectives of the training course included: to assist senior policy makers, planners, and practitioners of the region to develop and implement the MDGs-based national development strategies through sharing of good practices and lessons learnt; to develop skills to help integration of the MDGs into national development plans and strategies; to assess progress on implementing the MDGs in the region; to discuss the constraints, challenges, prospects and way forward for achieving the MDGs in the region; to provide the participants with an opportunity to share experiences, best practices and propose policies and programs to achieve these goals with the help of development partners; to suggest different ways and means for reaching national and regional targets for meeting the MDGs; and, to assess the public sector resources and needs for developing a global partnership for achieving the targets as per commitment of the 8th Goal of the MDGs. The training consisted of a series of thematic and group sessions. The course was interactive and participatory in discussing concepts and sharing of ideas. Experts from the SAARC Member States were invited to make presentations on various aspects and discussion during the sessions took the agenda forward. The resource persons explained themes and highlighted the connections, theories and practices related to HRD and the MDGs. The participants were divided into three working groups for in-depth discussion on specific topics. They prepared group reports and presented their findings and recommendations in the final session of the training course. At the end of the training course, Dr. Rffiat Aysha Anis, Director SHRDC distributed certificates among the training participants. Feedback received from the participants indicated the training course a great success as the participants gained first hand information about the status and progress on implementation and prospects of the MDGs in the region. They found the contents of the training course highly relevant and the course greatly assisted in improving their capacities to integrate the MDGs-based strategies into national development plan of their respective countries and raising awareness about their roles and responsibilities to achieve the MDGs in the region.

II

Introduction Introduction
The world leaders joined together in September 2000 at the United Nations Headquarters in New York, U.S.A. to adopt Millennium Declaration translated into the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The MDGs were set to be achieved by 2015, using 1990 as the reference year. These are time bound goals with quantifiable targets. These goals promote basic human rights and focus the world community's attention on achieving significant and measurable improvements in people's lives. The specific objectives of the MDGs are to: reduce extreme poverty and hunger; achieve universal primary education; promote gender equality and empower women; reduce child mortality; improve maternal health; combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases; ensure environmental sustainability; and, promote global partnership for development. These goals are further split into 21 targets, measurable via 60 indicators. The first seven goals are mutually reinforcing and are related to reducing poverty in all its forms. The last goal - global partnerships for development - is about the means to achieve first seven goals in resources deficit countries. The world would need to make its contribution in realizing the commitment on the MDGs made by them. Without such a commitment, majority of the resources deficit countries, including South Asia may fail to improve their social indicators as per the MDGs' requirements. Achieving the MDGs requires integration of the MDGs into national and sub-national policy and legal framework as well as in budget priority. With only three years remaining, countries are beginning to take a serious look at their ability to meet the targets of the MDGs adopted in 2000. Further, they have also started critical evaluation of present progress towards attainment of the MDGs. Different policies and strategies in the SAARC region reflect the efforts of the member states in line with achievement of the MDGs. For example, the Government of Bangladesh has developed a policy document that outlines a number of policy measures for achieving the MDGs. Similarly, various education campaigns and initiatives in India contribute towards enhancing the educational standards in the country. Nepal has some success stories on Gender Equality and Pakistan contains some of the best models of Environmental Sustainability where most of its targets related to environment are "on track". Despite the progress made in different areas of the region and impressive gains by the SAARC Member States in achieving high economic growth and poverty reduction over the last two decades, 39 % of the world's poor live in the region and the region has the highest incidence of poverty (43 % of its population) . Further, in spite of substantial progress toward improving education and health indicators, the region is still seriously "off track" in some of the MDGs targets. Thus success in achieving the MDGs depends, to a large extent, on this region's performance in the next three years. There is no doubt that each SAARC Member State has formulated policies, strategies and programs in line with the MDGs but the region's performance is mixed in achieving different targets. There are several factors/constraints that affect tracking the MDGs in the region. SAARC Member States have adopted policy of human resource development as a priority area in line with the MDGs to improve standard of living of the people. The countries' development strategy envisages massive investment in strengthening its human resource base to produce a skilled and competent workforce that can respond to the increasing demands of a steadily growing economy, resulting economic growth and poverty reduction. However, experience of some of the South Asian countries suggests that implementation of the MDGs has been influenced by knowledge gap, low skills and low growth due to different external and internal shocks. Further, institutional capacities to develop marketable skills through education and vocational training are weak and exposure to new technologies is severely limited. The low levels of productivity and limited resources usually result in decline in public and private investment which inhibits the timely achievement of certain the MDGs. There are also cultural and socioeconomic barriers for the MDGs in the SAARC region that fully or partially affect the initiatives. One of the major constraints in the achievement of the MDGs in the region is unavailability of relevant data. Most of the cases are underreported and misclassified due to lack of research and information. The unavailability of authentic and reliable information impedes formulation and implementation of targeted policies and actions. It is, therefore, important that SAARC countries should make concerted efforts to design, coordinate and implement policies and programs to achieve the full range of the MDGs to overcome the problem/constraints. In the situation of present progress towards achieving the MDGs, and with the 2015 deadline approaching, 1

Introduction
policy initiatives as usual are not enough to meet the MDGs. The SAARC Member States have to strengthen commitment to the MDGs through integration of the MDGs driven targets into their national and sub-national policies and legal frameworks as well as in budgetary priorities. They need to mainstream the MDGs within the policy-making body of the government and establish the MDGs legislative committee to promote structural response. Further, achieving progress towards the MDGs entails multi-pronged approaches including inclusive and sustainable growth, investment in anti-poverty programs, effective service delivery, adequate investment in education and health sectors, good governance, creating job opportunities, capacity building and fiscal stimulus for social expenditure. The SAARC Member States will also need to step up their efforts to replicate good practices and lessons learnt from early achievers in the region. Development partners of SAARC Member States are critical to the achievement of the MDGs and must fulfil the requirement to help mobilize the required resources. Prospects for the region to achieve most of the objectives are bright. Keeping in view these prospects, a training course is designed to assess the progress, prospects and way forward for SAARC Member States in achieving the MDGs and propose policies and programs to achieve these goals with the help of development partners. The one-week training course will develop participants' knowledge and skills to assess the progress, prospects and way forward through various in-house exercises and group discussions. The objectives of the training course were to: assist senior policy makers, planners, and practitioners of the region to develop and implement the MDGs-based national development strategies through sharing of good practices and lessons learnt; develop skills to help integration of the MDGs into national development plans and strategies; assess progress on implementing the MDGs in the region; discuss the constraints, challenges, prospects and way forward for achieving the MDGs in the region; provide the participants with an opportunity to share experiences, best practices and propose policies and programs to achieve these goals with the help of development partners; suggest different ways and means for reaching national and regional targets for meeting the MDGs; and, assess the public sector resources and needs for developing a global partnership for achieving the targets as per commitment of 8th Goal of the MDGs.

Methodology To achieve the training objectives, a number of methodologies including lectures and demonstrations, peer work and group work were used. Resource persons arranged activities according to the nature and requirement of their respective themes to make the topics comprehensive and interesting for the participants. Each presentation was followed by a question-and-answer session in which participants asked questions and gave their inputs in relation to the topic under discussion. The participants came up with specific suggestions and recommendations related to the training theme in the group works. Participants Profile Participants profile included: a) Mid-level policymakers/functionaries, master trainers/professionals from government and semi-government organizations working in the areas of the MDGs, social sector development, HRD, planning and development, policy analysis and advocacy, and governance; b) Researchers and scholars on the MDGs as well as those working on HRD; and, c) NGOs and private sector representatives.
According to Asia-Pacific Regional Report 2009/10, UNDP, a 1 % point fall in per-capita GDP growth translates on average, depending on the country, into a 0.5-0.8%points decrease in growth of per capita private health spending, a 0.5-0.7% points decrease in the growth of per capita public health spending, and a 0.3-0.5 % points decrease in growth of per capita education spending. Melt-down in global economy in 2008 and sharp increase in Oil prices early in 2008. This is likely to produce a double dividend-not only boosting growth more rapidly but also accelerating progress toward the MDGs.

Inaugural Ceremony Inaugural Ceremony

The inaugural ceremony of the training course was held on July 16, 2012. Honourable Brig (R) Amanullah, Director General, National Centre for Rural Development, Islamabad graced the occasion as chief guest. Participants from Afghanistan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka attended the course. The course brought together participants from Afghanistan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The ceremony started with the recitation of few verses from the Holy Quran. Dr. Riffat Aysha Anis, Director SHRDC in her welcome address highlighted the main objectives and contents of the course. She said that the SAARC Member States have to strengthen their commitment to the MDGs by integrating the MDGs driven targets into their national and sub-national policies and legal frameworks as well as in their budgetary priorities. They need to mainstream the MDGs within the policy-making body of the government and establish the MDGs legislative committee to promote structural response. Further, achieving progress towards the MDGs entails multi-pronged approaches including inclusive and sustainable growth, investment in anti-poverty programs, effective service delivery, adequate investment in education and health sectors, good governance, creating job opportunities, capacity building and fiscal stimulus for social expenditure. The SAARC Member States need to step up their efforts to replicate good practices and lessons learnt from early achievers in the region. She hoped that the one-week training course would enable the participants to develop knowledge and skills to assess the progress, prospects and way forward through lectures, in-house exercises and group discussions. Brig (R) Amanullah, in his inaugural address said that over the last two decades, South Asian region has witnessed a plethora of MDG-related declarations, high-powered commissions, plans of actions and regional projects to achieve MDGs. The region has made significant progress on some MDGs, but still lags behind in several others. The vast amount of resources and planning required for MDGs achievements is beyond the capacity of individual economies especially Least Developed Countries. He urged that regional economic integration is the best way forward and is more viable as economies are on a level-playing field. Regional economic integration will offer opportunities for strengthening the overall environment in which MDGs can be achieved and enable the smaller economies to extend their markets and reap efficiency gains from specialization and economies of scale and scope. He added that enhancing regional cooperation is a multifaceted task that will require the implementation of bold policy initiatives at national and regional levels. He noted that each country in the region has its own specific challenges to address, however, across the region there are many common issues and priorities. Connectivity and cooperation is vital in addressing the key challenges in the region and facilitating progress towards achieving all the MDGs by 2015. Dr. Javed Humayun, Research Fellow (Training) / Course Coordinator extended vote of thanks to all the dignitaries, resource persons, participants of the course and media persons.

Introductory Session

Introductory Session
Dr. Riffat Aysha Anis, Director, SHRDC, Dr. Javed Humayun, Research Fellow (Training) and Mr. Rehmat Wali Khan, Focal Person took over the introductory session. The session was intended to provide the participants with an opportunity to introduce themselves along with their qualification and professional responsibilities. The contents and methodology of the course were also introduced during this session. List of participants and working program are given as Annex-I and Annex-II respectively.

Group photo of training participants with the chief guest

Working Sessions Working Sessions

Main points of the power point presentations by the resource persons and country reports are summarized below: Dr. Savita Sharma, Adviser, Planning Commission of India presented her paper on Data Requirement for Monitoring of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). She informed that the United Nations formulated eight goals known as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) that must be achieved by 2015.The Millennium Declaration provides the basis for the 8 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). It recognizes that nations are interdependent for example in security, finance, health, migration and the environment. It articulates a composite framework combining human security, human development and human rights frameworks. MDGs are a set of tools for tracking progress toward basic poverty reduction and provide a very basic policy road map to achieve these goals. Developing countries have to achieve Goals 1 to 7. For this the Governments must implement the MDGs by integrating them into their policies, plans and budgets; improving governance, transparency and accountability. Rich countries must help developing countries to achieve MDGs 1 to 7 and do their utmost to achieve MDG 8. She noted that one of the criticisms of the MDGs is the difficulty or lack of measurements for some of the goals. It is argued that goals related to maternal mortality, malaria, and tuberculosis are in practice very difficult to measure. Household surveys are often used by the organizations to estimate data for the health MDGs. These surveys have been argued to be poor measurements of the data they are trying to collect, and many different organizations have redundant surveys, which waste limited resources. Countries with the highest levels of maternal mortality, malaria, and tuberculosis often have the least amount of reliable data collection.

http://southasia.oneworld.net/Files/MDG%20Case%20Studies%202008.pdf www.worldbank.org/depweb/beyond/global/chapter6.html

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She opined that prioritizing interventions helps developing countries with limited resources to make decisions about where to allocate their resources. The MDGs also strengthen the commitment of developed countries to help developing countries, and encourage the flow of aid and information sharing. The joint responsibility of developing and developed nations for achieving the MDGs increases the likelihood of their success, which is reinforced by their 189 country support (the MDGs are the most broadly supported poverty reduction targets ever set by the world). She highlighted that the issue of monitoring MDGs in this region is that reliable data is not available on most of these indicators on a regular basis. Sources of data are census/survey/administrative records. It is not possible to have census or surveys for every information on an annual basis as it is very costly. Administrative data has its own problems particularly in social sector. The reporting agencies tend to report biased results. There is an urgent need for strengthening of overall data collection system by establishing a comprehensive data collection system. She discussed in length requirements and availability of data on the MDGs by the region. She said that the countries publish periodic reports assessing the progress of MDGs. UNDP also assesses periodically the progress and has recently released a report. Ms. Sharafiyya Jameel presented the country report of Maldives. It was informed that Maldives has achieved five out of the eight MDGs ahead of the 2015 deadline, making it South Asias only MDG-plus country. Progress has been substantial in eradicating extreme poverty and hunger (MDG1), achieving universal primary education (MDG2), reducing child mortality (MDG4), improving maternal health (MDG5), and combating HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases (MDG6). Progress has been relatively slower toward achieving gender equality and womens empowerment (MDG3), ensuring environmental sustainability (MDG7) and developing a global partnership for development (MDG8). Main challenges in achieving all MDGs are: limited skilled human resources; geographical isolation of its islands; provision of facilities to islands with very small population; and inequality between Male and other islands. Social norms and newly established democracy can also hinder progress and socio-economic and structural changes. The report also informed that achieving the environment goals is especially critical to the country, considering the vulnerability of the country to environmental changes and the heavy reliance of the Maldivian economy on its environmental resources. Biodiversity accounts for 71% of national employment, 49% of public revenues, 62% of foreign exchange, and 96% of GDP. Tsunami (2004) costed 62% of the national GDP, compared to less than 3% in Thailand, Sri Lanka, and India. It is equally important to ensure that human rights principles, non-discrimination, inclusion and participation are factored into achieving the MDGs with equity. Maldives has been moved from LDC status in January 2011. Overall, external debt stock of the public sector has nearly tripled in recent years, growing from US$ 331.8 million in 2004 to US$ 969.2 million in 2009. Mobile teledensity increased more than 140% in 2008 and provided opportunities for e-business, e-service, and e-governance. The number of mobile subscribers grew from 8,000 in 2000 to more than 450,000 by 2009. Broadband service expanded especially to the atolls. Mr. Hazrat Bilal and Mr. Mohammad Amin jointly presented the country report of Afghanistan. It was stated that Afghanistan endorsed the Millennium Declaration as well as the MDGs only in March 2004. Afghanistan, however, having lost over two decades to war, has had to modify the global timetable and benchmarks to fit local realities. Afghanistan has defined its MDGs contribution as targets for 2020 from baselines of 2002 to 2005. Despite extreme poverty, ill health, and hunger, Afghans define lack of security as their greatest problem. Hence, the government of Afghanistan has added this new goal to the eight global MDGs recognizing the critical role of peace and security in achieving the other MDGs. The UN Development Assistance Framework of UN Agencies in Afghanistan is designed to support the national priorities through the ANDS. In Afghanistan the MDGs will be the basis for the Afghanistan National Development Strategy. Poverty measurement in Afghanistan is severely constrained by lack of data. It is difficult to reliably estimate and track the Global MDG indicators for income or asset poverty, but available data suggests that about 20% 6

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of rural households are chronically food insecure and another 18% face seasonal food shortages. So, 20-40% of Afghans need varying levels of food assistance at different times of the year. Poverty in areas without irrigation is likely to be higher with 65% of the households are food insecure. Afghanistan has revised the MDG targets, which is to be achieved till 2020 on income level the 3%. Proportion of people who suffer from hunger will be decreased about 5% till 2020. In late 2001, more than 5000 schools were built or renovated. More than 100,000 teachers have been trained and recruited. More than 7 million male and females students are enrolled in schools and about 8200 students are enrolled in different universities around the country in 2011. Literacy rate of the entire population is 28%. Female literacy rate is comparatively low around 10 %. Regional comparisons of primary schools completion rates for girls and progress toward MDG goals showed Afghanistan to be the only country out of 16 ranked as seriously off track. Women in Afghanistan are more likely than men to be engaged in various types of informal activities, such as unpaid family work, and small-scale economic activities that are difficult to measure, and that offer less enjoyment of employment rights and benefits. Afghanistan has almost the highest percentage of seats allocated for women in the national parliament. This will have little impact on enhancing women's political participation. According to the report, infant and under-five mortality rates in Afghanistan are among the highest in the world. The Under-5 Mortality Rate (U5MR) and the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) are targeted to reduce by 50% of the 2003 levels by 2015 and by two-third by 2020. At 1600 deaths per 100,000 live births, the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in Afghanistan is equal only to the most poor, conflict-affected countries in the world. It is estimated that 65 women die from pregnancy-related causes per 1000 live births. Afghanistan is a potentially high-risk country for the spread of HIV/AIDS. Drug abuse is prevalent; most users inject drugs through shared needles and are unaware of the dangers. There is no systematic testing for HIV before blood transfusion. In 2007, the World Health Organization released a report ranking Afghanistan lowest among non-African nations in deaths from environmental hazards. Lack of access to improved water sources and poor sanitation is a major contributory factor to poor health outcomes. As forest cover decreases, the land becomes less productive, threatening the livelihood of the rural population. Loss of vegetation also creates a higher risk of foods, and also causes the soil erosion and decrease the amount of land available for agriculture. The report stated that to meet the MDGs in Afghanistan, the level of investment in the security sector, transport and infrastructure must be maintained. At the same time, MDG achievement also hinges on a significant increase of investments in the social sector. The development of the Interim ANDS in 2005 and the full ANDS in 2006 provides the opportunity for donors to support the government in prioritising policy choices for the period until 2010. However, this involvement also obliges donors to enhance the overall effectiveness of aid by better aligning their support around the priorities articulated in the ANDS, and by harmonising and simplifying their policies and practices. Dr. Savita Sharma presented the country report of India. According to the report, Indias MDG framework recognizes all the 53 indicators that the United Nations Development Group (UNDG) endorsed in 2003. However, India has found 35 of the indicators relevant to India. As per available statistics, the percentage of the population in poverty declined from 45% in 1993-94 to 37% in 2004-05. In 2009-10, the Indias Head Count Ratio (HCR) has declined from 37.2% in 2004-05 to 29.8. According to the new estimate of HCR at the national level (47.8%), the country is required to achieve a HCR level of 23.9% by 2015 in order that MDG target 1 is achieved. With this rate of decline, the country is expected to achieve poverty HCR level of 26.72% by 2015. Anti poverty programs and policies operating in the rural areas are: National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA); Swaranjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY); National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM); Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY) or Indira Housing Scheme. Programs launched in the urban areas include: Jawahar Lal Nehru Urban Renewal Mission; Integrated Housing and Slum Development Program; Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rojgar Yojana (SJSRY).

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Indias trend of the proportion of underweight children below 3 years of age shows that India is going slow in eliminating the effect of malnourishment. According to the official estimates, the proportion of underweight children has declined by 3 percentage points during 1998-99 to 2005-06, from about 43% to about 40% and at this rate of decline is expected to come down to about 33% only by 2015. Nutrition Programs include: National Mid-Day Meal Scheme; Integrated Child Development Scheme or ICDS (1975). Food Security Programs for the poor include: Targeted Public Distribution Scheme (TPDS); Antyodaya Anna Yojana; Annapurna Scheme; and National Food Security Bill. By the measure of Net Enrolment Ratio (NER) in primary education, the country has already crossed by 200809, the 95% cut-off line regarded as the marker value for achieving 2015 target of universal primary education for all children aged 6-10 years. Primary enrolment of 6-10 year old children has improved from 83% in the year 2000 to over 95% in 2007-08. The country is on the track to achieve cent percent primary education for children in the primary schooling age of 6-10 years ahead of 2015. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) guarantees free and compulsory education to the children of 6 to 14year age group as a fundamental right. The survival rate at primary level up to Grade V has increased to 76% in 2008-09. India is likely to attain 100% Youth literacy by 2015. The target for eliminating gender disparity in primary and secondary enrolment by 2005 has not been achieved in India as per the available data for Gender Parity Index (GPI) for Enrolment, in the sense that though almost perfect parity was attained in the primary level of enrolment, it was not so in secondary level. However, by the cut-off line for achievement as internationally recognized, the target has been achieved for primary grade by 2007-08. The rates of increase in GPI signify Indias on the track progress to achieving gender parity in enrolment by 2015, even for secondary grade. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan or Education for All program recognizes that ensuring girls education requires changes not only in the education system but also in societal norms and attitudes. The ratio of literate women to men in the age group 15-24 years stands at 0.88 in 2007-08. The ratio of literate women to men in the age group 15-24 years tends to exceed by 2015, implying reaching a state of gender disparity against male youths in literacy by 2015. In India, the share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector is slow. The percentage share of females in wage employment in the non- agricultural sector, stood at 18.6% during 2009-10. It is projected that with this rate of progression, the share of women in wage employment can reach a level of about 23.1% by 2015. The Under-Five Mortality Rate (U5MR) at national level has declined during the last decade. U5MR in India for the year 2010 stands at 59 and it varies from 66 in rural areas to 38 in urban areas. To reduce U5MR to 42 per thousand live births5 by 2015, India tends to reach near to 52 by that year, missing the target by 10 percentage points. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) has declined by six points between 2008 and 2010 with IMR at national level being 47 in 2010. With the present improved trend due to sharp fall during 2008-09, the national level estimate of IMR is likely to be 44 against the MDG target of 27 in 2015. The national level measure of the proportion of one-year old (12-23 months) children immunized against measles has registered an increase from 42.2% in 1992-93 to 74.1% in 2009. India is expected to cover about 89% children in the age group 12-23 months for immunization against measles by 2015. Thus, India is likely to fall short of universal immunization of one year olds against measles by about 11 percentage points in 2015. To reduce child mortality rate, child health interventions under the Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) Program include: Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illnesses (IMNCI); Promotion of Infant and Young Child Feeding; Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) Program; and Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) Control. India has recorded a sharp decline in the Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) by 35% from 327 in 1999-2001 to 212 in 2007-09. India tends to reach MMR of 139 per 100,000 live births by 2015, falling short by 30 points. The coverage of deliveries by skilled personnel has increased almost from 33% in 1990 to 52% during 200708. With the existing rate of increase in deliveries by skilled personnel, the likely achievement by 2015 is only to 62%, which is far short of the targeted universal coverage. In order to improve maternal health, maternal health care facilities include: ante-natal care; natal care; post-natal care.

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The estimated adult HIV prevalence in India was 0.32 % in 2008 and 0.31% in 2009. The adult prevalence is 0.26 % among women and 0.38% among men in 2008, and 0.25% among women and 0.36 % among men in 2009. Among pregnant women of 15-24 years, the prevalence of HIV has declined from 0.86% in 2004 to 0.48% in 2008. The Government of India has responded to the challenge of HIV with appropriate policies, strategies and programs. The national AIDS Control and Blood Policies were adopted in 2002. The total Malaria cases have consistently declined from 2.08 million to 1.6 million during 2001 to 2010. India has contributed to approximately 24% of the total global new cases detected during the year 2009 as per the WHO Global Report 2010. There has been an increase in the number of TB patients registered for treatment from 1.29 million in 2005 to 1.52 million in 2010. Repeat population surveys conducted by Tuberculosis Research Centre indicate an annual decline in prevalence of the disease by 12%. Programs to control Malaria and TB include: National Malaria Control Program; National Malaria Eradication Program; National Anti Malaria Program; Enhanced Malaria Control Project (EMCP); National TB Program and Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program (RNTCP). The forest cover of the country as per 2007 assessment was 6, 90,899 km which is 21.02% of the geographical area of the country. As per 2011 assessment, the country has a forest cover of 6, 92,027 km, which constitutes 21.05% of the countrys geographic area. There is an increase in forest cover by about 1128 sq. km between 2007 and 2011. A network of 668 Protected Areas (PAs) has been established, extending over 1, 61,221.57 sq. kms. (4.90% of total geographic area), comprising 102 National Parks, 515 Wildlife Sanctuaries, 47 Conservation Reserves and 4 Community Reserves. The country is on track in increasing the protection network for arresting the diversity losses and for maintaining ecological balance. The prevailing trend over time suggests attainability of almost cent percent coverage of safe drinking water by 2015, including both rural and urban sectors. Given the 1990 level for households without any sanitation facility at 76%, India is required to reduce the proportion of households having no access to improved sanitation to 38% by 2015. It is expected that at this rate of decline, India may achieve to reduce the proportion of households without any sanitation to about 43% by 2015 missing the target by about 5 percentage points. The latest estimate based on DLHS-3 for 2007-08, however, indicates that about 42.3% households have access to improved sanitation facility and the 65th NSS round reported 47.6% for 2008-09. The number of telephone subscribers has increased from 0.67% in 1990 to 76.03% in 2011. Over a period of 12 years, internet subscriber base had increased by 97 fold from 0.21 million in 1999 to 20.33 million in 2011. It was concluded that despite the existence and launch of various programs and policies to address the major areas of concern under the MDGs, the progress toward achieving these goals appears to be satisfactory in some areas and not up to the mark in others. With only about 6 more years to go toward the set time for achieving these goals, the only way to do so would be to further intensify our efforts in reaching out to the unreached populations and ensuring uniform distribution of resources in the areas where we are not on track and give momentum to the progress toward achievement of the MDGs. Mr. T. M. Qureshi, Ex- Joint Educational Adviser, Policy and Planning Wing, Ministry of Education, Islamabad while taking a session on MDGs and System of Indicators to Assess and Analyze Progress with Special Focus on Education said that the endorsement by the Government of Pakistan (GoP) to the Millennium Declaration places an obligation on the State for leading the process in the formulation and finalization of the MDG Report, as annual feature. He informed that an indicator is an individual or composite statistic that relates to a basic construct in education, and is useful in the policy context. Education indicators are the statistics that reflect important aspects of the education system, but not all the statistics about education are indicators. Indicators are, thus, expected to assist policy makers as they formulate schooling goals and translate those goals into actions. Indicators should be: specific, measurable, attributable, relevant, and timely. Statistics qualify as indicators only if they serve as yardsticks; for example, the number of students enrolled in schools or the number of institutions or the number of teachers is an important fact. It does little to tell us how well the education system is functioning; however, survival rate to grade 5, or transition to 9

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secondary education or literacy GPI can provide considerable insight into the health of the system, and can be appropriately considered an indicator. A good education indicator system is expected to provide accurate and precise information to illuminate the condition of education and contribute to its improvement. He said that the international community defined Education For All (EFA) at the Dakar Forum in 2000, in terms of a set of six time bound goals. The UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) team succeeded in 2003 to quantify some of these goals through EFA Development Index (EDI); which is a composite of relevant indicators, providing one way of reflecting progress towards EFA as a whole. The currently agreed four constituents of EDI and their corresponding indicators are: Net Enrolment Ratio in Primary Education; (EFAI:6); Adult Literacy: Literacy Rate of the Population Group Aged 15 and Over; (EFAI:17); Quality of Education: Survival Rate to Grade-5; (EFAI:13); and Gender Parity: Gender Specific EFA Index (EFAI:18++). Pakistan ranks 119 out of 127 countries with EDI value of 0.656. He noted that of the eight MDGs, formulated in September 2000, two are directly related to educational provision. MDG 2 calls for the achievement of universal primary education by 2015, whereby every child will complete a full course of primary education. MDG 3 calls for the promotion of gender equality and empowerment of women with specific targets for the elimination of gender disparities at primary and secondary school levels by 2005 and across all education levels by 2015. He stressed that education is a powerful driver for poverty reduction and sustainable socio-economic development. It empowers people with the knowledge and skills they need to increase individual and household income, to expand employment opportunities and to fight against hunger and malnutrition. Public spending on education is one of the most beneficial investments, a country can make in its future well-being. Social change, employment, competitiveness, innovation and long-term prospects for economic growth rely considerably on the expansion of quality learning opportunities for all. Estimations by the EFA GMR team for the MDGs summit include that 171 million could be lifted out of poverty, if all students in low-income countries left school with basic reading skills. Brig. (Retd) Amannullah, Director General, National Centre for Rural Development, Islamabad while speaking on Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Poverty Alleviation in Pakistan mentioned that the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are the centrepiece of development efforts of the Government of Pakistan. The 18 global targets and 48 indicators adopted in 2000 have been translated into 16 national targets and 37 indicators keeping in view Pakistan's specific conditions, priorities, data availability and institutional capacity. The MDGs have been incorporated into the Government's two important macroeconomic frameworks including the New Growth Framework which focuses on inclusive growth and increasing total factor productivity, and Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) which is a framework for social and economic policies. Government's key planning document on development, Medium Term Development Framework (MTDF) 2005-10 also endorsed the MDGs. To date, however, sufficient progress has only been made on about half of the targeted indicators while others lag behind. He stated that there is a general agreement that the poverty fell in Pakistan during 2002 to 2006 period, from 34% to 22% largely on account of high growth, greater donor assistance and increased remittances. However, there are disagreements over what the extent of poverty in Pakistan is at the moment, since 2007 and 2008, the economy has been under considerable pressure due to domestic and external developments which forced the government to remove a large number of subsidies and large number of people have fallen into poverty. The main causes of increase in poverty in Pakistan are: global financial crisis of 2008; deteriorating law and order situation in the country further aggravated in 2008-09; domestic costs of fighting militancy; and the growing tide of internally displaced persons. As a result, GDP growth has decelerated. Resource constraints are manifested in low public sector development spending and adversely affecting the situation of poverty and employment in the country. He highlighted the challenges in alleviation of poverty which include large population of about 180 million people, rapidly growing at the rate of 2.5 % annually; highly traditional society; inadequate social and health services; high military spending; high infant mortality (91 per 1000); illiteracy rate 50% for men and 76% for women; and problem of extremism and terrorism for the last one decade. 10

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He said that in order to reduce poverty, the Government of Pakistan launched Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) in 2001 in response to rising trend in poverty since 1990s. The PRSP consisted of the following five elements: i) accelerating economic growth and maintaining macro-economic stability; ii) investing in human capital; iii) augmenting targeted interventions; iv) expanding social safety nets; and v) improving governance. Recognizing the need to protect the poor and the vulnerable and minimize the adverse effects of poverty, the Government has launched several social safety net programs including Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund; Pakistan Bait-ul-Mall; and Benazir Income Support Program (BISP). Programs under Pakistan Bait-ul-Mal are Individual Financial Assistance (IFA), Child Support Program (CSP), National Centres for Rehabilitation of Child Labour, Vocational / Diversified Vocational Schools, Pakistan Sweet Homes (PSHs), Langer Program, and Institutional Rehabilitation through NGOs. Programs under BISP include: Monthly Stipend; Waseela-e-Haq; Waseela-e-Rozgar; Waseela-e-Sehat; and Waseela-e-Taleem. Due to the transparency, objectivity and efficacy of the program international financial institutions and donor agencies have shown full trust in BISP. He concluded that Poverty Alleviation needs a multi-dimensional approach and no single policy can completely address the needs of poverty reduction. Macro-economic stability and sustained growth is a prerequisite to build a thriving economy. It requires interventions to enhance incomes and ensure growth combined with effective safety nets programs to cater to the needs of the marginalized and the poor. It requires interventions in the production system, transfer of resources and employment programs. Government at all levels is highly committed to poverty alleviation programs and all efforts are being made to ensure continuity of these programs. It is hoped that by 2015 substantial progress will be made to achieve MDG on Poverty Alleviation in Pakistan.

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Dr. Aurang Zeb, Group Leader Nutrition, Nuclear Institute for Food & Agriculture (NIFA), Peshawar took a session on Health and Nutrition Situation of under Five Children in South Asia. He informed that health is a state of complete physical and mental well being and not merely the absence of disease whereas nutrition is the science or study that deals with food and nourishment. The 4th MDG (Reduce Child Mortality) has six indicators which are: i) under-five mortality rate; ii) infant mortality rate; iii) proportion of fully immunised children 12-23 months (%); iv) proportion of under 1 year children immunized against measles (%); v) proportion of children under five who suffered from diarrhoea in the last 30 days and received ORT (%); and lady health workers coverage of target population (%). In Pakistan, Under-Five Mortality Rate (U5MR) has declined to 86.5 from 117 since last 15 years. Although the Medium Term Development Framework (MTDF) target for 2010 was 77, there is a little chance that Pakistan will be able to achieve the 2015 MDG target of 52. The current Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is 70, here again Pakistan has missed the MTDF target of 65 for 2010 and it is very unlikely that Pakistan will be able to achieve the target of 40 by 2015. Proportion of fully immunised children, 12-23 months, is also unlikely to be achieved due to poor performance of the EPI. Proportion of under-1 year children immunised against measles is also unlikely to be achieved due to difference in the targeted and achieved percentage as targeted percentage is more than 90%, but the current achieved percentage is 86%. But the indicator of proportion of children under five who suffered from diarrhoea in the last 30 days is likely to be achieved due to good progress in the last couple of years, and the last indictor, Lady Health Workers coverage of target population, and its progress shows that it is likely to be achieved by 2015. In India, U5MR declined over last decade down to 64/1000 live births in 2009. India will reach 54/1000 live births by 2015 missing the MDG target by 12 percentage points. IMR declined by 30 points in the last 20 years but likely to be 45.04/1000 live births against the MDG target of 26.67/1000 by 2015. Immunization coverage against measles reached 72.4% in 2009; and is likely to fall short of target by 12 percentage points in 2015. He informed that globally, more that 150 million malnourished children under the age of 5. Half of the world malnourished children are in 3 countries of South Asia India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. Around 35% of the 9.2 million deaths in under 5 children are associated with under nutrition. One third of all Asian children are stunted an indicator of growth retardation. 70% of the world stunted children are found in South Asia. He said that iron is the most widespread of all nutritional deficiencies holding back human development at significant cost to societies and economies. Iron deficiency is the leading cause of anemia. Vitamin A and Zinc are specific micronutrients that are both vital for child survival. Vitamin A deficiency is prevalent in most of the countries of Asia & Africa affecting preschool-age children and pregnant women. Zinc deficiency can impair the immune system and increase the risk of death from common childhood infections including diarrhoea, pneumonia, and malaria. It can also cause stunted growth, hair-loss, and lesions. Regions with high risk of Zinc deficiency include South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and several countries in Latin America. Iodine deficiency has multiple adverse effects in humans, termed iodine deficiency disorders, due to inadequate thyroid hormone production. Globally, it is estimated that 2 billion individuals have an insufficient iodine intake, and South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa are particularly affected. Iodine deficiency during pregnancy and infancy may impair growth and neurodevelopment of the offspring and increase infant mortality. Deficiency during childhood reduces somatic growth and cognitive and motor function. The clinical implications of calcium deficiency include rickets, poor bone mass accrual as well as abnormal fetal programming during pregnancy, poor peak bone mass due to poor accrual in childhood and adolescence, postmenopausal osteoporosis and osteoporosis of the elderly. Daily calcium intake in South Asia as per recommendations is far lower. He concluded that malnutrition has long been known to undermine economic growth, perpetuate poverty. It causes heavy economic losses and contributes to half of all child deaths. Developing countries that invest in better nutrition for their children get high returns on their spending.

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Prof. Dr. Faqir Muhammad Anjum (TI), Director General, National Institute of Food Science & Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad presented his paper on Food Security And Safety in SAARC Region. The World Food Summit of 1996 defined food security as existing when all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life. Food security is built on three pillars: food availability, food access and food use. Agriculture holds a central place in all South Asian economies, except for Maldives. Moreover, this sector employs more than half of the labour force in the SAARC countries, reaching 97% in Bhutan. SAARC countries accounts for 23% of the worlds population, but generates hardly two percent of global income. Housing 40% of the worlds poor (living on less than US $1 a day). 35% of the worlds under-nourished, the Region has the highest concentration of poverty and hunger in the world. About 35% of the peoples in Bangladesh, 25% in Sri Lanka and 20% each in India and Nepal are undernourished. He said that major causes of food insecurity in the SAARC region are: low productivity of crops and livestock as compared to that in many developed countries; decline in agricultural GDP in most of the SAARC countries; investment for maintaining their vital irrigation infrastructure which has led to its rapid deterioration; large disaster prone areas; recurring droughts in the arid and semi-arid parts; geographical location in terms of inaccessibility for trade because Afghanistan, Nepal and Bhutan are landlocked countries; heterogeneity in their physical and natural resources, endowments, biodiversity, socio-economic conditions; dominance of agricultural sector; urbanization; and climate change. He highlighted that the region is facing five groups of challenges: i) alleviation of hunger and poverty through accelerated and sustained agricultural growth; ii) synergistically enhancing productivity and profitability of small holdings, and ensuring environmental protection; iii) obviating risks and climate change management; iv) farmer-market value chain-employment linkage; and v) ensuring responsive policy reforms, adequate strategic interventions and satisfactory program implementation. He informed that Food Security Index (FSI) has been developed for South Asia covering Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Nepal and Sri Lanka based on the four indicators which are: i) per capita food availability index (50% weight); ii) per capita food production index; iii) self-sufficiency ratio index; and iv) index of inverse relative food price (last three equally weighted for the remaining 50%). The FSI for the SAARC region showed fluctuations in individual years but an overall upward trend till 2000 after which it fell in 2001 and then sharply in 2002. Subsequently, it improved; however, by 2008 it was only marginally better as compared to 1990. Strategies to achieve food security may include economic measures, research and development, development of infrastructure, establishing formal and informal education, modern methods of processing, role of the government. He mentioned that the level of attention to food safety stems from: the increased incidence of food-borne illness worldwide; food safety governing national productivity by way of both household; community health as well as by capitalizing on export potential. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) report 2010, the total extent of the food-borne disease problem in the developing world (SAARC countries) is likely higher but difficult to estimate since its victims often cannot track down the cause and do not seek medical attention. Besides, medical systems in most countries are ill equipped to monitor outbreaks. Regularly falling prey to food-borne diseases such as Cholera, Diarrhea and Hepatitis A, it is here that the real tragedy manifests itself. Strategies to ensure food safety should take into account: development of national food safety policies and infrastructure on the basis of local needs assessment; food legislation and enforcement; increasing awareness of food processing technologies; education of households/consumers in hygienic handling; improving the hygienic quality of street-vended food; epidemiological surveillance. He also discussed the Punjab Food Safety and Standards Authority Ordinance-2011.

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Dr. Baikunta Aryal, Joint Secretary, Economic Affairs and Policy Analysis Division, Ministry of Finance, Nepal in his presentation discussed Threats in Attaining MDGs: South Asian Perspective. He said that the adoption of the Millennium Declaration represented a historic global commitment. It is a thought that attempts to raising awareness about globally neglected agendas; mobilizing global attention for accelerating the development actions; orienting for balanced world development and eradicating poverty. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are a set of quantified and time-bound goals for dramatically improving the human condition by 2015. Their instrumentality is defined as long term visions; identified benchmarks; and planned targets. Poverty alleviation is an important motivational force behind the formation of MDGs. Poverty includes three dimensions such as: i) income, ii) human, iii) inclusivity. These three dimensions of poverty look independent; however they are interdependent. He outlined the major threats to achieving the MDGs. MDG1: growing food insecurity and lower food production; rice exports to western world; high inflation; less employment opportunity; and rising inequality. MDG2: low investment in education; non-availability of qualified teachers; poverty; social disparities; poor school infrastructure; high dropout rates.MDG3: socio cultural values; illiteracy; insufficient legal reforms; lower level of inclusive development. MDG 4: poor health facilities; illiteracy; weak synergy between preventive and curative actions; lack of awareness; nutrition; poor hygienic condition. MDG5: socio cultural values; illiteracy; poor health service facilities; lack of awareness and skilled health personnel; poor infrastructure, sanitation and hygienic condition; family planning service. MDG6: lack of investment on productive employment and employment opportunity; iIlliteracy; poor hygienic condition; unskilled health personnel; poor infrastructure; perception towards the affected person. MDG7: climate change; melt down of Himalayas; tradeoff between development and environment protection; higher cost of production and development; dependency on environment for fuel; lack of appropriate policies. MDG8: lack of coordination among different development agents; global financial crisis; recent Euro Zone Crisis; reduced employment opportunities abroad; deteriorating international trade; weak ICT development; and language barriers. He recommended to: build national ownership and leadership for development strategies; adopt forwardlooking macroeconomic policies; promote national food security strategies; adopt policies and measures benefiting the poor and addressing social and economic inequalities; promote universal access to public and 14

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social services; strengthen social protection; improve quality service delivery; ensure the full participation of all segments of society, including the poor and disadvantaged in decision-making processes; respect, promote and protect human rights, including the right to development; enhance opportunities for women and girls and advance the economic, legal and political empowerment of women; invest in the health of women and children to drastically reduce the number of women and children who die from preventable causes; improve governance system; maintain transparency and accountability in resource mobilization; promote SouthSouth and triangular cooperation, which complement North-South cooperation; strengthen regional ties; promote effective public-private partnerships; expand access to financial services for the poor, especially poor women; strengthen statistical capacity to produce reliable disaggregated data for better programs and policy evaluation and formulation; strengthen and increase use of ICT. Mr. Roomi S. Hayat, Chief Executive Officer, Institute of Rural Management, Islamabad made a presentaion on Millennium Development Goals (MDGs): 3 Years to the Deadline. He mentioned that the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) have provided an important motivational force and yardstick for the progress. In their design, the goals were deliberately ambitious and their achievements requiring unparalleled progress in most countries. The fact that many countries will achieve a significant number of the goals and transform the quality of life of hundreds of millions of people should be a sign of hope and spur an action for others. The challenge for their remaining three years and beyond is to learn from and build on this progress. He informed that this years UN report on progress towards the MDGs highlights several milestones. The target of reducing extreme poverty by half has been reached five years ahead of the 2015 deadline as has the target of halving the proportion of people who lack dependable access to improved sources of drinking water. Conditions for more than 200 million people living in slums have been ameliorated double the 2020 target. Primary school enrolment of girls equalled that of boys, and we have seen accelerating progress in reducing child and maternal mortality. The UN report represents a tremendous reduction in human suffering and is a clear validation of the approach embodied in the MDGs. But, they are not a reason to relax. Projections indicate that in 2015 more than 600 million people worldwide will still be using unimproved water sources; almost one billion will be living on an income of less than $1.25 per day; mothers will continue to die needlessly in childbirth; and children will suffer and die from preventable diseases. Hunger remains a global challenge, and ensuring that all children are able to complete primary education remains a fundamental but unfulfilled target that has an impact on all the other goals. Lack of safe sanitation is hampering progress in health and nutrition; biodiversity loss continues apace; and greenhouse gas emissions continue to pose a major threat to people and ecosystem. The goal of gender equality also remains unfulfilled, again with broad negative consequences given that achieving the MDGs depends so much on womens empowerment and equal access by women to education, work, health care and decision-making. He stressed that we must recognize the unevenness of progress within countries and regions, and the severe inequalities that exist among populations, especially between rural and urban areas. In the case of Pakistan, most of the MDG targets seem unachievable by 2015. Poverty reduced between 2002 and 2006 but it started to rise again. Targets for MTDF were not achieved so this indicator is unlikely to be achieved. Similarly, access to primary education, gender equality and improved maternal health are less likely to be achieved. Pakistan has made progress on some indicators of reducing child mortality but the overall target seems to be unachievable. On the other hand, Pakistan has done well to combat HIV/AID, Malaria and other diseases and the targets of few indicators have already been met. Similarly, Pakistan has already met the targets of ensuring environmental sustainability and global partnerships for development. Country report of Pakistan was jointly presented by Dr. Arshad Mahmood Uppal, Dr. Aurang Zeb, Ms. Nargis Bano, and Ms. Bushra Sadiq. It was informed that according to the Pakistan Millennium Development Goals Report (2010) produced by Planning Commission, Government of Pakistan, the targets for the Medium Term Development (MTDF) 2009-10 have not been met in the three indicators for Goal 1, and i required to help in coming close to achieving the MDG 2015 targets.

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Goal 2 Achieve Universal Primary Education focuses on three indicators. i) Net enrolment at primary level remained below 60% until 2008-09; although, there has been marginal improvement in it over time, the MDG target of achieving 100% net enrolment ratio by 2015 requires an increase of 43 percentage point in the next five years. ii) The completion/survival rate of students enrolled in primary schools also present a dismal scenario that implies that almost half of the students enrolled in primary schools do not complete their education; the interim target for 2009-10 was set at 80% and could not be achieved. iii) Pakistans literacy rate remains considerably short of the MDG target of 88% by 2015, although it has marginally improved to 57% by 2008-09. With regard to the four indicators for Goal-3, Promote Gender Equality and Womens Empowerment the status of Pakistan is: i) Pakistan has made steady though slow progress with regard to the Gender Parity Index (GPI) for primary and secondary education. Despite the fact that Pakistan has missed the MDG target of gender parity in primary and secondary education in 2005, with the current pace, the MDG target of gender parity is likely to be unachievable by 2015. ii) Youth literacy GPI improved during 2004-09. With the existing pace, the MDG target of 1.00 by 2015 is likely to be unachievable. iii) Womens share in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector has increased but Pakistan is making slow progress towards achieving the target. iv) With regard to number of women seats in the national parliament, Pakistan has shown substantial improvement over the years. The proportion of seats in the present National Assembly is among the highest in the world. Pakistans status on Goal 4 Reduce Child Mortality shows that out of six indicators, Pakistans performance in achieving the desired MDG targets by 2015 is unsatisfactory particularly in case the first two indicators i.e. the under-five mortality rate and infant mortality rate. Though, Pakistan has managed to lower the under-five mortality rate, there is still a need to reduce it by 42 percentage points by 2015, a high improbable outcome. The target for 2015 for the proportion of under-five years suffering from diarrhoea was achieved ahead of time. Similarly, the coverage of households Lady Health Workers (LHW) increased from 38% in 2001-02 to 83% in 2008-09 in the first nine years of the MDGs; hence, the attainment of 100% coverage by 2015 seems to be on track. In terms of the first indicator of Goal 5 the Maternal Mortality Ratio, Pakistan has a considerable distance to go to meet the MDG targets by 2015. For the maternal mortality ratio, the MDG target for 2015 still requires almost a halving of the ratio. The 2015 target for skilled birth attendants is still more than twice of the proportion achieved in 2008-09. A third indicator relating antenatal care also shows low progress. In terms of family planning indicators, the contraceptive prevalence rate is considerably short of the 2015 MDG target. Goal 6 Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases, covers five indicators. Recent trend shows that HIV/AIDS spread is increasing; however, Pakistan is still classified as a low prevalence country. The government is giving special attention to the situation and with commitment shown to this disease it seems possible that Pakistan will achieve the target by 2015. The percentage of TB cases detected and cured under DOTS has increased from 79% in 2001-02 to 85% in 2008-09 and the MDG target has been met before time. Malaria related issues need attentions as the proportion of population in malaria risk areas using effective malaria prevention treatment and measure has increased slightly by ten points (from 20to 30) during 2001 to 2009. Pakistans status on Goal 7 Ensure Environment Sustainability shows that the land area under forest cover has marginally increased from 4.9% in 2004-05 to 5.02% in 2008-09. Pakistan has become one of the largest users of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) in the world and the MDG target for this indicator has already been achieved. Water supply coverage increased from 53% in 1990 to 65% in 2008-09; however, it still has a long way to go in reaching the MDG target pf 93% by 2015. The sanitation coverage in the country has increased from 30% in 1990 to 63% in 2008-09 according to the PSLM survey 2008-09. However, it is still a long way to go in reaching the MDG target of 90% by 2015. Pakistans location, both in terms of geography and in terms of development has become and can remain a focal point requiring help and assistance to achieve all seven of its MDGs by means of the Goal 8, which 16

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includes greater market access, development assistance, and greater connectivity. Pakistan has been an aid dependent country for many decades and aid has been crucial for achieving many of its developmental goals and MDGs. With trade now replacing aid as a means to development, Pakistans desire for greater market access is largely supply-constrained, where Pakistan narrow export base has limited exportable services and commodities. Therefore, bilateral and multilateral overseas development assistance can play a key role in providing support in developing the faculties of Pakistani producers to take advantages of the global economy rather than be victims of it. Dr. Baikunta Aryal presented the country report of Nepal. According to the report, Nepal is one of the 189 countries committed to the MDGs, a pledge renewed in its current Three Year Plan (2010 -2013). It was told that Nepal will be able to achieve most of its MDG targets by 2015, except for the more complex ones such as full employment and climate change which will require stronger efforts and an appropriate environment. Nepal is likely to achieve poverty target of MDG 1. The country's current poverty level is 25.4%, suggesting that it has been reduced by 5.5 percentage points since 2005. The 2009 assessment indicates poverty reduction rate in rural areas (18%) is slower than that in urban areas (20%). Hunger target of the same goal is unlikely to be achieved as Nepal has a very high rate of child malnutrition: half (49%) of children under five are stunted and one third (39%) are underweight.This figure is within the top five in the world. Although, there has been some development on the hunger indicators in the past, the recent rapid rise in food prices and the consequences of climate change pose the main challenges in achieving the target. MDG 2 Achieve Universal Primary Education Nepal has shown remarkable improvement in the net enrolment rate (NER) at primary level from 64% in 1990 to close to 93.7% in 2010 today. However, serious concerns remain about the quality of primary education and the low school completion rates. The quality issues can be addressed only by a child-friendly environment in schools. Completion rates can be addressed through measures to increase the inclusiveness of education, and targeted policy to help the people in the poorest economic quintile groups. MDG 3 Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women and associated targets are possible to achieve if changes are made. Girls' enrolment is approaching the same levels as the rates for boys - 95 girls for every 100 boys now enroll in primary school. However, women's low status in the control of resources and political decision making remains, as does high incidence of violence against women (including early marriage and sex selective abortions). Serious measures should be taken to ensure the implementation of Nepal's international commitments for women's empowerment and gender equality. Key commitments include the CEDAW, and the UN Security Council resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security. MDG 4 Reduce Child Mortality and associated targets are likely to be achieved. A well-coordinated scale up of highly effective child survival interventions, such as Vitamin A distribution, immunization and pneumonia treatment has contributed to the fact that the mortality rate among children under five years has been halved during the past 10 years. The largest challenge today is addressing mortality among newborns, now accounting for 54% of all deaths among under-five children. As far as MDG 5 Improve Maternal Health is concerned, the available data suggests that mortality rate during childbirth has fallen from 850 in 100, 00 mothers in 1990 to 229 in 2010. However, only 1 out of 5 births are attended by a skilled birth attendant, linking also clearly to the high mortality rates of newborns. Access to maternity and reproductive health services should be made universal and free of cost, as provided by the Interim Constitution. The provision and retention of skilled staff and equipped and functioning facilities in rural areas is key to this. With regard to MDG 6 Combat HIV and AIDS, Malaria and other Diseases the national figure on HIV prevalence is slightly reversing 0.49% in 2010. However, Nepal's HIV epidemic is concentrated among population groups at higher risk of transmission - injecting drug users, female sex workers, men who have sex with men, and high-risk migrants. A well performing and integrated National TB Control program has 17

Working Sessions
resulted in a significant decline in tuberculosis cases, from 460 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in 1990 to 244 in 2010. Progress towards MDG 7 Ensure Environmental Sustainability, shows that rural people's access to modern sources of energy has improved over recent years through the expansion of grid-based and off-grid decentralized options, including both electricity and non-electricity technologies. Proportion of the population with sustainable access to improved water sources (%) is 46 in 1990 which is improved in year2010 i.e.84.1 where the target is just 73. Proportion of the population with sustainable access to improved sanitation in 1990 was only 6% whereas it is increased to 49.2% in the year 2010. The report informed that some of the targets have already been met, however, the targets difficult to meet are: employment; survival rate to grade 5; ratio of girls to boys at tertiary levels of education; literate women to men aged 15-24 years; percentage of births attended by a skilled birth attendant; universal access to reproductive health; and environment related targets. The Needs Assessment Report (2010) says that if the government is able to manage resources and build institutional and policy capacity for implementation of strategic interventions, most of the MDG targets can be met by 2015. The targets for full employment and climate change require strategic and accelerated efforts to be on track- requiring a joint effort from the government and development partners. A comparison between projected cost and projected available financial resources shows that there are serious funding gaps in all years between 2011 and 2015. Country report of Sri Lanka was presented by Mr. Hemachandra Ranathunga. It was told that Sri Lanka has moved progressively on the right track in achieving many of the targets of the eight MDGs while fighting with one of the worlds most powerful and ruthless terrorist organization. Compared with early years, now Sri Lanka has more rooms to achieve most of these MDGs at faster rates because war with LTTE is over and now country is embarking to a new growth and development paths. But the main obstacle to achieve MDGs may lies with problems related to the governance. In the present context, Sri Lanka will have to pay even more attention to achieve Goal 1, Eradicating Poverty and Hunger because sectoral and geographical disparities could be seen. Although there are many innovative social safety-nets and subsidy programs in place, poverty eradication needs to be accelerated even further by targeting the needy ones with good governance. With the increase of the number of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) due to the conflict and Tsunami, a considerable number of people lost their livelihoods. This has led to an increase in the poverty headcount ratios. Sri Lanka is about to reach Goal 2, Achieving Universal Primary Education, and is way-ahead of some of the countries in the region due to free education policy and other welfare instances since political independence or so. The policy of free education at primary, secondary and tertiary levels has also been a key factor that contributed to this achievement. Furthermore, participation of private sector for education also made significant contribution for these achievements. To provide further emphasis, schooling for children in the age group 5-14 years has been made compulsory by an Act of Parliament since 1997. Sri Lanka has also achieved a significant progress in Goal 3, Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women. But in order o fully achieve MDG goal 3, Sri Lanka has to work in full speed by addressing issues related to governance aspects. The focus on equal education for both men and women is the main driving force that led to the gender equality in education. As a result, in Sri Lanka, women are well represented and have a lead in many wage earning industries, with a comparatively better social position, even though it is yet to achieve the internationally accepted standards and norms of gender equality and empowerment of women. However, compared with other South Asian countries, Sri Lankan women have equal opportunity to employment, marriage and family wealth. When it comes to higher education more women can be seen in many soft faculties in Sri Lankan Universities. On the path towards the fourth goal, Reduce Child Mortality, Sri Lanka is on the lead in the region. As a low middle income developing country, it is notable that Sri Lanka has achieved remarkable levels in health standards and social development, benefiting from free health care services. The successive governments have been taking initiatives directed at reducing infant and under 5 child mortality since Independence, 18

Working Sessions
sometime even before that. There is a widespread network of Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Care Clinics, as well as services of trained Public Health Midwives. Although free health care was instrumental in raising health standards, a government cannot continuously offer free health care due to severe budgetary constraints and its inflationary impact. Private sector has also now vigorously entered to this health business and this also positively contributed to increase health related indicators of the nation. Overall, poor peoples health and nutrition related education level have also risen up with income increases. With regard to the fifth goal, Improve Maternal Health there has been a consistent and a steep decline in the maternal mortality ratio for over five decades. Sri Lanka had achieved the maternal mortality rate of 19.7 per 100,000 live births in 2003 against the target of 10.6 per 100,000 live births to be achieved in 2015. The percentage of births attended by skilled health personnel, which is also an indicator that measures the progress of the fifth goal, has reached 98.5% against the target of 100%. Towards the sixth goal, Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases, Sri Lanka needs to pay more attention on the detection of HIV/AIDS and other diseases. Sri Lanka has been identified as a low HIV/AIDS prevalence country with a detection rate of 0.1 per cent prevalence of HIV/AIDS in age group of 15-49. However, there has been an increase in the number of cases reported during the past few years requiring renewed attention to meet the goal fully. Although the number of Malaria cases reported per year has reduced sharply from 210,039 in 2000 to just 591 in 2006, Incidence of Tuberculosis (TB) and dengue is still at an unsatisfactory level. There were 8,996 newly identified TB cases reported in 2008 compared with 8,232 in 2000. Further, the TB associated deaths of 347 were reported in 2006. Sri Lanka has to be more proactive in dengue fever eradication as it almost came to epidemic situation in some urban areas of the country by reporting many deaths. In terms of MDG seven: Ensuring Environmental Sustainability, extra collective attention is necessary. Deforestation, disruption of biological diversity and emission of carbon dioxide and other harmful gases still remain. As a result of pollution, the percentage of population that does not have access to safe sources of drinking water and safe sanitation can increase, which could exacerbate due to ignorance. Developing countries including Sri Lanka may now face new challenges in meeting MDGs, on the fallout of the current global economic crisis and other set back such as abolition of preferential trade concessions such as GSP The implications of such a set-back could be long-term in nature and could affect the efforts of achieving MDGs by those countries. Regarding the targets in MDG 8, Sri Lankan has achieved mixed results. Addressing the special needs of the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) includes tariff- and quota-free access for Least Developed Countries exports, enhanced program of debt relief. In these areas the international community has more responsibility rather the Sri Lankan side. But some of the given concessions such as GSP (The EU's Generalized System of Preferences is a trade arrangement through which the EU provides preferential access to the EU market to Sri Lankan over 6400 exports items, in the form of reduced tariffs for their goods when entering the EU market) have stopped. In recent past, obtaining commercial loans from expensive world market sources have increased. Sri Lankan public health sector always suffer many issues related to the bad governance starting from drug and medical equipment purchases. Sri Lankan has many good achievements in the ICT field due to very many new initiatives taken by the government. Especially e-government project, ICT sector deregulation and ICT infrastructure development caused for these achievements. In 2009 Sri Lankas telephone density was around 85 (both fixed and mobile) and internet and e-mail density is 1.7 for 100 people in population. However, government has 147 web sites which provide various information and services to public in addition to various other services provided by the e-Lanka project under Information and Communication Technology Agency.

19

Recommendations of Working Groups Recommendations of Working Groups

The training participants were divided into three working groups and were assigned specific topics to discuss the status and progress on the MDGs in the SAARC region, share best practices and give a plan of action for future to achieve the MDGs within the stipulated time. Some specific recommendations are as follows:

Group-I:

Policies and Strategies to Expedite Achievements of MDGs in South Asia

Employment opportunities (productive employment) Skill development (to equip the individuals with technical know how) Provision of funding (loans, grants, scholarships, incentives) Utilization of production (consumption pattern, surplus in market) Market connection (output, profit, benefits, outcomes). Improvement in net enrollment (cash to parents, provision of commodities and other facilities like transportation, good infrastructure, specious buildings, airy class rooms, playgrounds, boundary walls specially in girls schools, water and sanitation system in schools) Merit oriented selection criteria Monitoring system (regularity methodology behaviour) Incentives for teachers (pay package, encouragement on good performance) Teacher parent counseling Free books up to primary classes Result oriented syllabus (to make the students practical and sensible citizen of the land) Firm commitment, dynamic vision, optimistic approach and strong political will necessary ingredients to chalk out policies and implement them in letter and spirit to accomplish the vision of MDGs by 2015

Group-II: Poverty Reduction: Solutions to Achieve MDGs

Macro economic stability Awareness/education/training Appropriate resource allocation Labour intensive technology Revitalization of vocational training institutions Industrializations Creation of enabling environment for increasing the role of private sector Market access Improved infrastructure Strengthening the social safety nets Public private partnership/productive linkages for all the segments of society Good governance, accountability by the system Corporate farming and value addition in livestock Balance regional development Access to justice (to all segments of society) Initiation of Income Generating Grants (IGG) Microfinance Credit Guarantee Facility Promotion of regional trade Designing, approval and enactment of appropriate legislation Conducive investment environment Democratic reforms Additional resources and technology by the developed nations 20

Recommendations of Working Groups

Group-III: Development of a Framework for Coordinated Efforts among Private, Public & NGOs for Timely Achievement of MDGs
The Governments should ensure access to primary education, health, water and sanitation, roads, agricultural (crop, animal and fisheries) extension services, disease control and revenue collection among others They should be responsible for physical planning, human resource development, statistics generation, legislation, law enforcement, promoting self-help activities, implementing central government, policy and coordinating the activities of non-governmental, community-based and faith-based organizations People should be empowered to make decisions about priority services and the way they are delivered. This requires the involvement of a broad range of stakeholders, including federal and provincial governments at the upper level and the private sector, community NGOs, CSOs and CBOs at the lower level The Governments should formulate policies; make funds available; build infrastructure; monitor the progress; coordinate between private sector and NGOs NGOs and community should inform the stakeholders about the process; make them receptive for the change; and help the people in execution of the programs

Concluding Ceremony The concluding ceremony of the training course was held on July 21, 2012. Dr. Riffat AyshaAnis, Director, SHRDC distributed the certificates among the course participants. In her concluding remarks, she said that the one week training course aimed at improving the capacity of policymakers and practitioners of the participating countries to integrate the MDGsbased strategies in national development plan; increase and up-to-date body of knowledge on the MDGs: progress, prospects and way forward. She expressed her confidence that after returning home, the participants would utilize the knowledge they had obtained through the training course. She thanked all the participants and resource persons for their active contributions during the training sessions. She wished all the resource persons and participants a safe journey back to their home country. She expressed her gratitude to the SAARC Secretariat and Member States for their support and cooperation for making the activity possible. Dr. JavedHumayun, Research Fellow (Training) extended vote of thanks to the resource persons and participants for their valuable contribution to the training course.

21

Recommendations of Working Groups

Dr. Riffat Aysha Anis, Director SHRDC giving away certificates to the participants

22

Annex-I

List of Participants

No.

Country/Name

Designation/Address

Contact

Afghanistan 1. Mr. Hazrat Bilal Assistant to Second Secretary, Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan in Islamabad, H#8, St#90, G-6/3, Islamabad. Tel: 00-92-51-2824505-6 Fax: 051-2824504, Cell: 0345 9041273 Email: hazratbilal.m@gmail.com 2. Mr. Mohammad Amin Assistant to the Councellor, Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan in Islamabad, H#8, St#90, G-6/3, Islamabad. Tel: 00-92-51-2824505-6 Fax: 051-2824504, Cell: 0334 9097278 Email: a.fazilyar@gmail.com India 3. Dr. Savita Sharma (Resource Person) Advisor, Planning Commission, Government of India, India

Maldives 4. Ms. Sharafiyya Jameel Assistant Director Ministry of Health Policy Planning Division, Global Health Unit Male, Maldives Tel: (960) 3328889 Fax: (960) 3328887 Cell: (960) 9669855 Email: sharafiyya@health.gov.mv sharafiyya.j@gmail.com Nepal 5. Dr. Baikuntha Aryal (Resource Person) Joint Secretary Economic Affairs and Policy Analysis Division, Ministry of Finance Government of Nepal Email: baikuntha@gmail.com Tel: (977) 1 4211826 Fax: (977) 1 4211325 Cell: (977) 9851131913

23

List of Participants

6.

Mr. Muhammad Safdar Hussain

Lecturer Government Post Graduate College Jouharabad, District Khushab Executive Officer Witness Social Welfare Organization Baluchistan

Tel: 0454 920041 Cell: 0331 7701478 Res: 0454-722478 Email: safdarshahin@gmail.com Tel & Fax: 0822 501382 Cell: 0313 8205588 Email: brainswitness@yahoo.com mamoonkasi@ gmail.com
Tel: 00 92 91 2964058, 2964060-62 Fax: 00 92 91 2964059 Cell: 0333 9014498 Email: mails@nifa.org.pk, drzebkhattak@gmail.com

7.

Mr. Mamoon Rashid

8.

Dr. Aurangzeb (Resource Person)

Deputy Chief (Scientist) Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA), G. T. Road, Tarnab, Peshawar

9.

Dr. Arshad Mahmood Uppal

Additional Principal Medical Officer, District Headquarters Hospital Rawalpindi

Tel: 051 5556311 Ext. 306 Fax: 051 5537118 Cell: 0333 5165232 Email: amuppal@live.com

10.

Mr. Sarfaraz Ali Korejo

Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sindh Field Monitor Assistant, United Nations world Food Program, ouse No. A-14, Defense Housing Society, Phase 1, Hyderabad, Pakistan. Senior Nutrition Officer, Nutrition Division, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad

Tel: 00 92 3 24 39280051*4 Cell: 0344 2003982 Email: sakorejo@yahoo.com Tel: 0092 22 2786707-10 Cell: 0092 303 5552431, 0332 2926092, 0346 8564324 Email: irfansoomro@live.com, Tel: 00 92 51 9255079 Fax: 00 92 51 9255099 Cell: 00 92 333 5162102 Tel: 051-2207810 Cell: 0334-5051267

11.

Mr. Irfan Meer Soomro

12.

Mr. Shahid Riaz

13. 14.
15.

Prof. Dr. Nemat -eUzma Prof. Irfan

Ms. Bushra Sadiq

Pakistan Atomic Energy Model College, Nilore, Islamabad Pakistan Atomic Energy Model College, Nilore, Islamabad Senior Program Officer, BARGAD, Rahwali, Gujranwala Cantt.

Tel: 055-3864920 Cell: 0321-8340322

24

List of Participants
16. Prof. Manzar Zafar Kazmi Mr. Azmat Ali Raja Assistant Professor, Department of English, Federal Government Post Graduate College, H-9, Islamabad Lecturer, Department of Pak Studies, Federal Government Post Graduate College, H-9, Islamabad

17.

18.

Ms. Nighat Perveen

19.

Mrs. Firdous Bibi

20.

Mr. Irfan Khan

Section Officer, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of Pakistan, 5th Floor, Block B, Pak Secretariat, Islamabad Research Officer, (ILO) Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of Pakistan, , Room No. 013PMI Hostel building, near zero point Islamabad Assistant Chief, Poverty Section, Planning & Development Division, Islamabad Assistant Chief, Planning & Development Division, AJK, Muzaffarabad

Tel: 00 92 51 9213552 Fax: 051 9103896 Tel: 00 92 51 9253093 Fax: 051 9201823

Tel: 051 9224383, Fax: 051 9201777 Email: irfan.ro@gmail.com Tel/Fax: 00 92 5822 921076 Fax: 05822 921028, 921687 Cell: 0333 5579080 Email: mahnazkant@hotmail.com Tel: 051 9209547 Fax: 051 9203388 Cell: 0331 5294984 saeeditsf@yahoo.com Tel: 041 9201105 Fax: 041-9201439 Cell: 0322 7688088 Tel: 041 Fax: 041-9201439 Cell: 0334 6295976 Email: sanasyed16@yahoo.com Tel: 051 2822752, Fax: 051 2823335, Cell: 0314-5318174 Email: info@irm.edu.pk Tel: 042 99210339 Fax: 042 9921887 Cell: 0333 4379710 Email: mih281@gmail.com

21.

Ms. Mahnaz Kadir Kant

22.

Ms. Nargis Bano

Assistant Economic Advisor, Finance Division, Islamabad

23.

Dr. Muhammad Saeed

Assistant Professor National Institute of Food Science & Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad Lecturer Institute of Rural Home Economic, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad

24.

Ms. Sana Arif

25.

Mr. Shahid Hussain

Programme Officer, NRSP-Institute of Rural Management, House 6, Street 56, F-6/4, Islamabad Senior Chief, Planning and Development Department, Civil Secretariat, Lahore, 54000

26.

Mr. Muhammad Ijaz Hussain

25

List of Participants
27. Mr. Muhammad Alam

Senior Research Officer, Planning and Development Department, Gilgit, Pakistan Deputy Chief, F & A Section, Planning and Development Division,

28.

Mr. Aslam Nadeem

Tel: 05811 920214, 920441 Fax: 05811 920215 Cell: 0345 5548714 Email: malampk@gmail.com Tel: 051-9201989 Fax: 051-9211391 Cell: 0321-5341768 Tel: 051-9217949, Fax: 9201777 Email: mirza_or@yahoo.com Tel: 051 9093041, Fax: 9223777 Cell: 033 5430717 Email: rashid.adnan@gmail.com Tel: 051-9250766, Cell: 0333-7557449, Email: mumtaz_shaikh72@yahoo.com

29.

Mr. Mirza Farooq

30.

Syed Adnan Rashid

Research Associate, Health Section P & D Division, Block-P, Pak Secretariat , Islamabad Research Associate, Flood Reconstruction Unit, P & D Division, Block-P, Pak Secretariat, Islamabad Deputy Chief, Education Section, P & D Division, Room No. 6 3rd Floor PPMI Complex, Sector H-8/1, Islamabad

31.

Mr. Mumtaz Ai Shaikh

Sri Lanka 32. Mr. Hemachandra Ranathunga Consultant, Ministry of Public Management Reforms, Sri Lanka

Tel: 94-71 4782542, 94-112514162

Email: hranathnnga@gmail.com

26

Annex-II

Working Programme
Venue: Hotel Margala, Islamabad
Day 1: Monday, July 16, 2012 0900 0955 hrs 0955-1000 hrs Participants Registration Guests to be Seated Opening Ceremony 1000 1005 hrs 1005 1015 hrs 1015 1030 hrs 1030 1035 hrs 1035 1050 hrs 1050 1130 hrs 1130 1230 hrs 1230 1400 hrs Recitation from the Holy Quran Welcome Address/Training Objectives Inaugural Address by the Chief Guest Vote of Thanks Group Photo Refreshments Introductory Session Lunch Break Training Sessions Date and Time 1400 1530 hrs Topics Data Requirement/Availability to Monitor MDGs Resource Persons Dr. Savita Sharma Adviser, Perspective Planning Division Planning Commission, India Participants Introduction Dr. Riffat Aysha Anis Director, SHRDC, Islamabad Brig(R) Amanullah Director General, NCRD, Islamabad Dr. Javed Humayun, Research Fellow (Training), SHRDC, Islamabad SHRDC SHRDC

1530 1600 hrs

Discussion/Coffee/Tea

Day 2: Tuesday, July 17, 2012 0900 1030 hrs

Country Report/ Millennium Development Goals in Sri Lanka: Current Progress and Way Forward to Achieve its Goals by 2015
Coffee/Tea Break

Hemachandra Ranathunga, Consultant, Ministry of Public Management , Colombo, Sri Lanka

1030 1100 hrs 1100 1230 hrs

Country Report/ Policy Initiative to Achieve MDGs in India

Lunch Break

Dr. Savita Sharma Adviser, Perspective Planning Division Planning Commission, New Delhi, India Shakeela Yaqub(Pakistan), .Sharafiayya

1230 1400 hrs 1400 1530 hrs

Country Reports

27

Working Programme

Day 3: Wednesday, July 18, 2012 0900 1030 hrs Poverty: A Major Challenge to South Asia in Achieving MDGsA Reflective Analysis Dr. G.M. Arif Joint Director, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics (PIDE), Islamabad, Pakistan

1030 1100 hrs 1100 1230 hrs

Coffee/Tea Break Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Poverty Alleviation in Pakistan Lunch Break Health and Nutrition Situation of Children Under Five Years of Age in South Asia Dr. Aurangzeb Deputy Chief (Scientist), Nuclear Institute of Food and Agriculture-TurnabPeshawar Brig(R) Amanullah Director General, NCRD, Islamabad

1230 1400 hrs 1400 1530 hrs

1530 1600 hrs

Discussion/Coffee/Tea

Day 4 : Thursday, July 19, 2012 0900 1030 hrs Threats of Attaining MDGs in South Asia Dr. Baikunta Aryal Joint Secretary, Economic Affairs and Policy Analysis Division, Ministry of Finance, Kathmandu, Nepal 1030 1100 hrs 1100 1230 hrs Coffee/Tea Break Food Security and Food Safety Situation in the SAARC Region Dr. Muhamma d Faqir Anjum Director General, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Faisalabad

1230 1400 hrs 1400 1530 hrs

Lunch Break MDGs Years to the Deadline

Roomi S. Hayat Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Institute of Rural Management (IRM), Islamabad

1530 1600 hrs

Discussion/Coffee/Tea

28

Working Programme

Day 5: Friday, July 20, 2012 0900 1030 hrs Country Report of Nepal Dr. Baikunta Aryal, Joint Secretary, Economic Affairs and Policy Analysis Division, Ministry of Finance,

1400 1530 hrs 1530 1600 hrs

Group Work and Course Evaluation

Discussion/Coffee/Tea

SHRDC

Day 6: Saturday, July 21, 2012 0900 0915 hrs Presentation Group 1: Policies and Strategies to Suggestions and Recommendations 0915 0930 hrs Presentation Group 2: Reduction of Poverty: Solution to Achieve MDGs Suggestions and Recommendations Presentation Group 3: Development of a Framework for Coordinated Efforts among Private, Public and NGOs for Timely Achievement of MDGs Suggestions and Recommendations Concluding Session 1000 1005 hrs 1005 1015 hrs Recitation from the Holy Quran Concluding Remarks Dr. Riffat Aysha Anis, Director SHRDC, Islamabad Chief Guest Chief Guest Dr. Javed Humayun, Research Fellow (Training), SHRDC, Islamabad SHRDC SHRDC

0930 0945 hrs

SHRDC

1015 1030 hrs 1030 1040 hrs 1040 1045 hrs

Certificate Distribution Address by the Chief Guest Vote of Thanks

10451130 hrs

Refreshments

29

Annex-III

Power Point Presentations by Resource Persons

Power Point Presentations

30

Power Point Presentations

31

Power Point Presentations

32

Power Point Presentations

33

Power Point Presentations

34

Power Point Presentations

35

Power Point Presentations

c. National Centres for Rehabilitation of Child Labour

It is a proactive child labour rehabilitation policy Number of initiatives have been taken for the betterment of working children. To withdraw them from work places with a view to mainstreaming them into education by undertaking programmes for non-formal education. 159 centres have been established throughout the country on which Rs. 250 million has been spent up till February 2012. d.Vocational / Diversified Vocational Schools PBM has established Vocational Dastkari Schools (VDS) where poor widows, orphans and needy girls are given training in a variety of skills to make them self-sufficient to earn their livelihoods in a respectable manner. PBM has established 144 VDS throughout the country on which Rs. 94 million has been spent up till February 2012. e. Pakistan Sweet Homes (PSHs): PBM has established Sweet Homes for Orphans having accommodation for 100 children in each home. A total of 28 Pakistan Sweet Homes (Orphanages) have been established so far on which Rs. 133 million has been spent up till February 2012.

f. Langer Programme:

PBM is also working for provision of assistance to needy persons. It provided ration bags to those affected by natural disasters such as the floods of Sindh and KPK. In this regard an amount of Rs. 186 million was spent upto Feb. 2012.

Institutional Rehabilitation through NGOs:

It provides grant-in-aid to registered Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) for their projects aimed at institutional rehabilitation of the poor and deserving persons of the society. PBM has disbursed an amount of Rs. 25 million in this regard up to February 2012.

36

Power Point Presentations

PROGRAMMES UNDER BISP
Monthly Stipend: At the time of launching of BISP in July 2008, nomination forms were distributed through Parliamentarians. Initially 2.5 million poorest of the poor women were enrolled after NADRA verification. Rs. 1000 is paid to each recipient per month on bimonthly basis. Payments were made initially through postmen but now through Smart Card, mobile phone and branchless banking. b. Waseela-e-Haq: Under this programme, microfinance in the form of returnable soft loans up to Rs. 300,000 are provided to recipients. Selection is made through a monthly computerized random draw, for setting up small businesses. A total of 29 draws were held and a total of 35000 recipients were pre -qualified. An amount of Rs. 943 million was disbursed to 6,281 recipients while 2,680 new recipients started their own businesses. It was planned to hold another 5 draws by June 30, 2012 to pre-qualify 10,000 additional . recipients
a.

e. Waseela

BISP designed a co-responsibility cash transfer programme titled Waseela-e-Taleem for the primary education of the children of its recipients whereby 3 million children will be imparted education during 2012- 2016. The programme is scheduled to be launched in 5 districts during the current fiscal year. Upto 3 children of a beneficiary family will be given free education.

Taleem

ZAKAT

Donors Support

Due to the transparency, objectivity and efficacy of the programme international financial institutions and donor agencies have shown full trust in BISP. Major donors of BISP are: World Bank funded Social Safety Net Technical Assistance worth (US$ 60 million). World Bank support for Co-responsibility Cash Transfer for Education worth US$ 150 million. USAID support for cash grants US$ 160 million. Asian Development Bank support for cash grants US$ 150 million.

WORKERS WELFARE FUND

Workers Welfare Fund (WWF) is providing assistance to poor labourers all over the country. It provides funds for housing facilities for industrial workers Marriage Grant, Death Grant and scholarships etc. During the current fiscal year from July to March Rs. 77.000 million has been spent for scholarships. There are 1,400 beneficiaries of this program, who are children of poor workers. Another Rs. 635 million have been disbursed as Marriage Grants from which 9,138 families of the workers have benefited. WWF has also disbursed Rs. 342 million for Death Grants for 1,000 cases of mishaps of workers all over the country. Further, Rs 2,540 million expenditures have been incurred during July-April 2012 for 46 housing schemes which will benefit 15,000 families of workers. Microfinance Initiatives The credit programs offer a small loan to the beneficiaries for self -employment purposes that can start or enhance their income streams, and eventually making them self-reliant and move out of poverty. The microfinance industry provides services in three broad categories namely, micro -credit, micro-savings and micro-insurance. Microfinance services help the poor in accumulating assets and building income generating capacities that can provide better access to social services such as health and education, food security, and access to basic necessities of life.

37

Power Point Presentations

38

Power Point Presentations

39

Power Point Presentations

MDG 3- Promote Gender Equality & Empower Women

Pakistan 2011
Progress made since 1990, but gender inequality remains high. The ratio of F / M primary enrolment increased from 0.73 in 1991 to a Female literacy rate is 43% which is lower than males i.e. 69%. Progress in parliament. Due to the introduction of quotas, the proportion of seats in the national assembly held by women increased from 1% in 1990 to 21% in 2005 is now highest in the world.

MDG 4-Reduce Child Mortality

Pakistan 2011
Of six indicators for Goal 4, Pakistan's performance in achieving MDG targets by 2015 is unsatisfactory. Child mortality rate has decline from 140 to 100 per thousand live births between 1990-2005. Pakistan has managed to lower under-five mortality rate, there is still a need to reduce it by 42 percentage points by 2015, a highly improbable outcome. 12-23 months immunized against six preventable diseases has barely increased from 75% to 78% from 1990-2008.

* Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and to all levels no later than 2015

MDG 5- Improve Maternal Health

Pakistan 2011
Pakistan has the 6th highest number of maternal deaths (at least 15,000 a year), around 300-400 deaths per 100,000 births Some progress has been made although target is unachieved. The percentage of births attended by skilled health professionals decreased from 48% in 2005 to around 41% in 2009. Less than a third of married women use any form of contraception.

MDG 5- Combat HIV/Aids, Malaria and other diseases

Pakistan 2011
The government is showing commitment to eradicating HIV. As the prevalence is low, it seems possible that Pakistan will achieve the target by 2015. Pakistan has the 6th highest burden of TB disease in the world. The incidence has increased from 177 to 180, so the target seems unachievable. Malaria related issues need attention as there is an increase of only ten points (20% to 30%).

MDG 7-Ensure Environmental Sustainablity

Pakistan 2011
Safe water has not been well defined so most of the drinking water cannot be classified as safe. Pakistan has become one of the largest users CNG for use in vehicles. So the 4th and 5th indicator has already been achieved. Proportion of sanitation has increased from 30% to 63% in 2008. However it is still a long way to go to achieve the target of 90%. The possibility to achieve this goal seems to be difficult.

MDG 8- Global Partnership for Development

Pakistan 2011
The relationship with International Partners and Pakistan has varied. In the last few years development assistance has increased. DFID programme in Pakistan increasing from 15m in 2001 to around 200m a year by 2011. USAID is providing USD 1.5 Billion per year. UN agencies have also increased their funding by over 100 %. This goal will be achieved.

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THREATS

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Food Security

FOOD SECURITY AND SAFETY IN SAARC REGION

Prof. Dr. Faqir Muhammad Anjum (TI) Director General
National Institute of Food Science & Technology University of Agriculture, Faisalabad
1

Food security in terms of the following four key aspects: Food Availability Sufficient availability of food with the nation through domestic production, net imports (commercial or food aid) and carry-over of stocks. Food Access Individuals capability to purchase food and to be able to procure food through safety nets or availability. Food Utilization Consumption of food by the household in a proper form. It also takes in to account food preparation, Storage and utilization, food safety, nutritional safety and dietary balance

Food Vulnerability Vulnerability of the population to food

insecurity due to physiological, economic, social or political reasons

DIMENSIONS OF FOOD SECURITY

FOOD SECURITY SITUATION IN SAARC REGION Economic Overview

Agriculture holds a central place in all South Asian economies, except for Maldives Moreover, this sector employs more than half of the labour force in SAARC countries, reaching 97% in Bhutan
Countries Contribution of Ag. to GDP (%) Ag. labour force as % of total labour force Poverty headcount ratio at $2 a day (PPP) (%) % of undernourished population

Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka Total
3 Source: Singh (2008)

40 19.1 21.9 19.0 6 32.9 20.4 13.2 -

59.8 45.21 96.71 55.75 15.33 87.73 41.33 47.27 53.7

na 81.33 49.49 75.59 na 77.57 60.31 39.74 73.40

na 27 Na 21 na 16 26 19 -

ADB (2009)

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Food price Index in the SAARC Region

(FAO, 2010)

12

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The 4th MDG:

Reduce Child Mortality

Target:
Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate

23 March 2013

Principles of Nutrition

The 4th MDG: Indicators:

Indicator
1 2 3 4 Under- five mortality rate Infant mortality rate Proportion of fully immunised children 12- 23 months (%) Proportion of under 1 year children immunised against measles (%)

Definition
No. of deaths of children under five years of age /1000 live births No. of deaths of children under 1 year of age /1000 live births Proportion of children of 12 to 23 months of age who are fully vaccinated against EPI target diseases Proportionof children 12 months of age and received measles vaccine

Proportion of children under five who suffered from diarrhoea in Proportion of children under 5 years suffering from the last 30 days and received diarrhoea in past 30 days ORT (%)
Lady Health Workers coverage of target population (%)
23 March 2013

Households covered by Lady Health Workers for their health care services
3

Dr. Aurang Zeb, NIFA, Peshawar

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EFA DEVELOPMENT INDEX

The international community defined EFA at the Dakar Forum in 2000, in terms of a set of six time bound goals. The UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) team succeeded in 2003 to quantify some of these goals through EFA Development Index (EDI); which is a composite of relevant indicators, providing one way of reflecting progress towards EFA as a whole. The currently agreed/ used four constituents of EDI and their corresponding indicators are:

UPE: Adj. Net Enrolment Ratio in Primary Education; (EFAI:6) ADULT LITERACY: Literacy Rate of the p opulation g roup aged 15 and over; (EFAI:17) QUALITY OF EDUCATION: Survival rate to Grade-5; (EFAI:13) & GENDER PARITY: Gender specific EFA Index (EFAI:18++) (GEI: the simple average of GPI for the primary and secondary Gross Enrolment Ratios and the Adult Literacy Rate). Source: EFA GMR 2011
T.M. Quresh i, JEA-P&P Win g, MoE Paki sta n

Pakistan rank: 119/127 with EDI value of 0.656

[(0.661+.537+.697+.727)/4]
15

Millennium Development Goals

& Indicator Relating to Education
2 Achieve Universal Primary Education Indicators Net enrollment ratio in primary education
(EFAI: 6)

Targets

Ensure that, by 2015, children every where, boys and girls alike, w ill be able to finish a full course of primary schooling 3 Targets

Proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who rea ch grade 5 (EFAI: 13) Literacy rate of 15-24 year olds (EFAI:16)

Promote gender equality and empower women Indicators Ratio of girls to boys in primary, se condary and tertiary education (from EFAIs 5 & 6 ++) Ratio of literate females to males of 15-24 year olds (EFAI: 18) Share of women in wage emplo yment in the nonagricultural sector Proportion of seats held by women in national parliament
33

Eliminate gender dis parity in primary and se condary education prefe rably by 20 05 and to all levels of education no later than 2015

T.M. Qure shi, JEA-P&P Win g, MoE Paki sta n

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Out of School Children

Out of School Children

T.M. Qure shi , JEA-P&P Wi ng, Mo E Pa kistan

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T.M. Quresh i, JEA-P&P Win g, MoE Paki sta n

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Gender Parity Index

Gender parity index for gross enrolment ratios in primary, secondary and tertiary education (Girls scho ol enroleme nt ratio in relation to boys enrolment ratio), 1999 and 2010 (Girls per 100 boys)

Gender Parity Index

Gender parity index for gross enrolment ratios in primary, secondary and tertiary education (Girls scho ol enroleme nt ratio in relation to boys enrolment ratio), 1999 and 2010 (Girls per 100 boys)

T.M. Quresh i, JEA-P&P Win g, MoE Paki sta n

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T.M. Quresh i, JEA-P&P Win g, MoE Paki sta n

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Gender Parity Index

Gender parity index for gross enrolment ratios in primary, secondary and tertiary education (Girls scho ol enroleme nt ratio in relation to boys enrolment ratio), 1999 and 2010 (Girls per 100 boys)

Human Development in South Asia

Country
Maldives Sri Lanka Iran India Nepal Bangladesh Pakistan Bhutan
Public expenditure on Education as % of GNP (2008) Literacy Rate (15+) 2008 Projected Literacy Rate (15+) for 2015

8.4 5.4 4.8 3.2 3.7 2.2 2.9 5.2

98 91 82 63 58 55 54 53

99 92 87 72 66 61 59 64

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Source: EFA Global Monitoring Report 2011, UNESCO Paris

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Millennium Development Goals Inception and Evolution

The number of people living on less than 1 $ per day:

Hemachandra Ranathunga Consultant Ministry of Public Management Reforms, Colombo

almost 1 billion

Around 15% of the World population

The number of children dying from preventable diseases EVERY DAY:

The number of people without basic sanitation:

28,000

2.6 billion

Imagine living without running water, or a flushing toilet. A third of the worlds population does.

The number of children receiving no basic education: 72 Million

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The developing world owes

Debt repayments drain the poorest countries of resources.

$2 trillion
in foreign debts

($2,000,000,000,000)

It was because of these ideas and the pressure put on a summit in 2000

It was the Millennium and the world ought to make an effort to do something special If they were to release the poor countries from debt, then the rich countries would only agree if the released money was spent on things that improve the lot of the ordinary people So it was decided that the whole world together, especially the poor countries themselves and the richer ones with their AID programs, would put all their efforts into achieving certain things by 2015.

Addis Ababa: In September 2000, the United Nations Millennium Summit endorsed the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in what was called the Millennium Declaration. More than 180 countries signed this declaration. The main objective of the Millennium Summit was to set quantifiable and time-bound global development goals to end human suffering from hunger, destitution and diseases, mainly in developing countries. Since their inception, the MDGs have been embedded in several international and regional initiatives and have had a huge influence on policy discourse throughout the developing world. The MDGs, which comprise eight goals, 18 targets and 48 indicators, are the culmination of several international efforts and initiatives to mobilize resources for development from the mid1990s

GOAL # 1 Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Halve the proportion of people whose income is less than one dollar a day. Halve the proportion of people who suffer from hunger

Deadline 2015

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Did you know that?

Almost 1 billion people in the world (15%) are still living on less than $ 1 per day.Half of the worlds total population, or 3 billion people, survive on less than $ 2 per day. Are we keeping our promise? Sub-Saharan Africa faces significant challenges in meeting the Millennium Development Goals. East Asia and South Asia together are still home to the greatest number of absolute poor people in the world. Latin America and the Caribbean saw fairly stagnant poverty rates.

GOAL # 2 Achieve universal primary education Ensure that boys and girls everywhere will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling.

Deadline 2015

Did you know that? 113 million children are denied their right to an education. In the Asia-Pacific region, 122 million children under the age of 14 leave school to become child laborers. In Sub-Saharan Africa, 49 million children work. There are 43 million children in the world who are out of school due to conflict. Over 10 million children have been psychologically suppressed by armed conflict.

93 Million Children without Access to School Number of primary-school-age children not in school, by region (2006)

Goal # 3 Promote gender equality and empower women Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education no later than 2015.conflict.

Did you know that?

Over 61 million girls are missing an education, compared to 54 million boys. Thats as many girls as ALL the schoolage girls in North America and Europe. Giving girls an education can mean the difference between life and death. She doesnt have to work at hard and dangerous labour. She doesnt have to work on the streets. She can make informed choices. Her babies have less chance of suffering from malnutrition.

Deadline 2015

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Goal # 4 Reduce Child Mortality Reduce by twothirds the underfive mortality rate.

Estimated number of under-five deaths, by region (2006)

Did you know that? Every day, on average more than 26,000 children under the age of five die around the world, mostly from preventable Are NATIONS keeping their promise? causes. Are NATIONS Many developing countries face challenges ahead in improving ways and means for wishes of children.

Goal # 5 Maternal deaths estimated at 536,000 Improve maternal health Reduce by three quarters the maternal mortality ratio.
Latin America/ Caribbean 15,000 South-Eastern/ Western Asia 43,300 Developed Regions/CIS countries 2,760
Northern Africa 5,700

Did you know that? Women in high-fertility countries in Sub-Saharan Africa have a 1-in-16 lifetime risk of dying from maternal causes.
Sub-Saharan Africa 270,000

South Asia 188,000

Eastern Asia 9,200

Women in low-fertility countries in Europe have a 1in-2,000 risk of dying from maternal causes. Women in North America have a 1-in-3,500 risk of dying.

Deadline 2015

Goal # 6 Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS. Globally, 4.3 million people were newly infected with HIV in 2006.

Did you know that? Have to be halted and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases by 2015.

Deadline 2015

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Goal # 7 Ensure environmental sustainability Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and sanitation. To improve the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers by 2020.

Did you know that? In 1990, there were nearly 715 million slum dwellers in the world. In 2000, the slum population increased to 912 million. Today, the slum population is approximately 998 million. By 2020, it will reach 1.4 billion.

Are we keeping our promise?

Access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation will not be met in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is estimated that 133 million people living in cities of the developing world lack durable housing. By 2020, it will reach 1.4 billion.

Goal # 8 Develop a global partnership for development Address the special needs of the least developed countries.

Thank you

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Annex-IV

Country Reports

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Country Reports Country Report Maldives By: Sharafiyya Jameel

Progress on MDGs

} Achieved 5 out of 8, MDG+ country } Unachieved goals are: Goal 3; promote gender equality and empower women, it will face huge obstacles in achieving Goal 7; ensure environmental sustainability and Goal 8 } Achieved goals show unevenness, and therefore is volatile } Three reports prepared 2005, 2007 and 2010

Progress on MDGs

General challenges in achieving all MDGs: limited skilled human resourcegeographical isolation of its islands provision of facilities to islands with very small population inequality between Male and other islands } Social norms and newly established democracy can hinder progress socio-economic and structural changes
}

MDG 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger

Indicator 1A } Population living below $1 perday 3% (1997) to 1% (2004) } Poverty gap ratio MRF 15 per day from 91% (1997) to 8% (2004) } Share of poorest quintile in nation consumption 6% (1997) to 6% (2004) MDG 1 } Indicator 1B } Growth of GDP per person employed 2.6(1992) to 14.6 (2006) } Employment to population ratio 49.8 (1991) to 54 (2007) Indicator 1C Prevalence of underweight children under 5 45% in 1997 to 17.3 (2009) Population below minimu level of dietry 9 in 1991 to 7 in 2004
}

Challenges
Poverty is different in Maldives context isolation of population and lack of services in atolls } Labor market is dominated by expatriate workers (110 231 workers, census 2006) } 38% of youth unemployed } Lack of employment opportunities, mismatching of skills, rigidity of social norms, discourage girls from working } Inequality between Male and islands is obvious poverty dropped from 23 to less than 5 percent in Male where as it went down only from 52 to 25% in islands (1997 to 2004) High dependence on imported food Government efforts Adopt human rights based approach Stimulate local food production Provide soft loans and other financial programs, and structural facilities Extra focus on identifying needs of disabled and vulnerable population Introduction of pension and retirement scheme (2007) and universal health cover (2009)
}

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MDG 2: Universal Primary Education

Indicator 2A net enrollement in primary education 86.71 (1990) to 99 (2007) to 95 (2009) Boys:Girls 86.71(1990), 97.9 (2007) 94.7(2009): 86.71 (1990), 100.2 (2007) to 95.3 (2009) } Literacy rate 15-24 girls and boys 98 in (1990) to 98.2 (2009), 98.3 (1990) to 98.5 (2009). Dropped from 2007.
}

MDG 2: Universal Primary Education

Free and compulsory primary education with 214 primary schools } Free secondary education } Government expenditure on education increased by 9 times } Inequality between Male and islands } Workforce is dominated by foreign workers
}

Government efforts
-

MDG 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women

Primary education nation wide 48% girls Secondary education nation wide 50% girls } Tertiary education nation wide 48% girls } Proportion of women in non-agricultural wage employment 15.8 (1991) to 30 (2006) } Number of parliament seats held 12 (2005 -2007) to 6 (2009) Achieving of this goal is questionable
} }

Free schooling with books and other stationaries required Increased effort to develop local teachers Extra attention on education of children with special needs Enacted disability law which ensure this right First ever national university opened in 2011

Government efforts
Amended constitution in 2008 ensuring rights of women, and upholding principles of womens equal participation Appointment 2 female judges for the first time in 2007 Violence against women bill enacted in 2012 Child-sexual abuse bill in 2008

Despite these efforts, quality of education is low, and more effort is needed. Specially to decentralize educational management

MDG4 : Reduce Child Mortality

} } }

MDG 5: Improve Maternal Health

} } }

. U5MR reduced by 77% between the baseline 48 per 1000 live births in 1990 to 11 per 1000 live births in 2011 the infant mortality rate reduced 74% from 34 to 9 (2011) 89% of children between 12-23 - months were fully immunized by the age of 12 months (2011) Vaccine preventable diseases eliminated Needs further strengthening in neonatal care and mulnutrition

Government efforts
-

Extending health care facilities to islands atleast a health post in each island Government financed universal medical care Telemedicine project access to experts

Targets of this goal is influenced by MDG3, MDG 1C and MDG 4 MMR is relatively high but reached target Between 1997 and 2011, the Maldives reduced its MMR by 78%, from nearly 259 per 100,000 live births to 56 (mainly due to spread of obstetric and other specialist medicare 99% of births in 2011 were attended by skilled health personnel, and 85% of births were preceded by at least four antenatal carevisits Volatile annual statistic between 1997 and 2011 shows huge fluctuation MMR reached 46 per 100,000 populations, which again started increasing and was recorded as 56 and 82 in the years 2008 and 2009 respectively Contraceptive prevalence rate has dropped from 42% to 21.4% between 1999 and 2011 unmet need for family planning dropped from 37 per cent in 2004 to 28 per cent in 2009.

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Government efforts:
-

Health regulation to be enacted Projects to stregthen motherhood and reproductive health, adolescent sexual reproductive health, reproductive health cancers

} } }

Need to further strengthen public health system Increase local representation in health workforce Currently 80 percent of doctors and 60 percent of nurses working throughout the country are foreigners.

Address gender-based violence Enaction of gender based violence act Universal health care

MDG 6 Combat HIV and AIDS, malaria and Other Diseases

Low HIV prevalence } 14 HIV cases identified, 3 locals } 13 cases till 2003 } Condom use among high risk group is 12% (2004) } Proportion of 15-24 age group with comprehensive correct knowledge 97% (2004) } Proportion of population with advanced HIV infection with access to antiretroviral drugs 37.5 } Thelassemia Last case of polio- 1978 } Last case of tetanus 1995 Although HIV target reached, country is highly vulnerable - Biological behavioral survey (2008) finding: - STIs and high risk behavior high among FSW, MSM, and IDUs - - majority of FSW n MSM does not use condoms, and is either married or in a relationship - Lack of surveillance system as a major gap
}

} }

Large expatriate population is a risk Compulsory to screen, 257 identified and send back, still 11 expatriates were found positive while living in the country Government needs to -strengthen outreach and surveillence Policy changes to address the issue Involvement of NGOs Currently adopted public health programs will contribute to achievement Governments efforts on reducing substance abuse and trafficking

} } } } } }

MDG 7 Ensure Environmental Sustainability

}

Major challenge due to high vulnerability, loss of water resources, housing demand, reliance on import, employment dependence on biodiversity Vulnerability 80% of the country lies below 1.5 metres no point is further than 1 kilometre from the sea lack of access to energy economy relies heavily on the environment Biodiversity accounts for 71% of national employment, 49% of public revenues, 62% of foreign exchange, and 96% of GDP 2004 tsunami cost 62% of the national GDP, compared to less than 3% in Thailand, Sri Lanka, and India

Water Water resources are strained, solid waste is an emerging environmental issue while lack of access to toilet facilities has fallen from more than 60% in 1990 to 6% in 2006 access to improved water source coverage has dropped from 96% in 1990 to 83% in 2006 90% used no treatment for their drinking water supply Utilities companies established throughout the atolls to operate and maintain island water and sewerage services

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Housing 8600 shelters lost in the 2004 tsunami not yet fully offset as of 2010 around 50 percent of displaced persons still in temporary housing Government efforts: Distribution of rain water tanks Initiate sewerage system projects, with establishment of utility offices in all provinces Housing project Stregthening of environment legislation Efforts to increase public education on environment.

MDG 8
} }

} } } }

Moved from LDC status in 2011 External debt stock of public expenditure tripled between 2004-2009 Mobile teledensity increase by 140% by 2008 E-business, e-service, e-governance initated Mobile subscribers 8000(2000) to 450,000(2009) Broadband service expanding, specially to atolls

Country Report Afghanistan

Target 1 A: proportion of people who live below $1.25/day

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Poverty profile
HCR Ratio (%) Poverty Gap Squared Poverty Lorenz Ratio (LR) Ratio (PGR) Gap (SPG) Rural 12.32 9.11 8.45 5.57 Urban 10.61 9.94 7.88 5.89 Rural 4.78 3.15 2.78 1.64 Urban 4.07 3.60 2.82 1.99 Rural 0.2976 0.2983 0.2819 0.2998 Urban 0.3303 0.3537 0.3400 0.3709

Year 1983 1987-88 1993-94 2004-05 (URP)

Rural 45.75 39.09 37.27 28.27

Urban 40.79 38.20 32.36 25.71

Total 44.5 38.9 36.0 27.5

Head Count Ratio as per Tendulkar Methodology Year 1993-94 2004-05 2009-10 Rural 50.1 41.8 33.8 Urban 31.8 25.7 20.9 Combined 45.3 37.2 29.8

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Target 2: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger

Nutrition Programs:
National

Mid-Day Meal Scheme Integrated Child Development Scheme or ICDS (1975) Food Security Programs for the poor include: Targeted Public Distribution Scheme (TPDS) Antyodaya Anna Yojana

Achievement:
MGD Goal Targets Major Indicators 1990 Assessm Value MDG (estimat ent done achieved Target ed for the for the 2015 value) latest latest Year year 77 2008-09 98.6 100

3. Ensure that by 2015, children everywhere, Goal 2: Achieve boys and girls universal alike, primary will be able to education complete a full course of primary education.

Net Enrolment ratio in primary education Proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who reach grade 5 Literacy rate (15-24 yrs)

62 (1999)

2008-09

76

100

61

2001

76.4

100

Achievement:
MGD Goal Targets Major Indicators 1990 Assessm Value MDG (estimat ent done achieve Target ed for the d for the 2015 value) latest latest Year year 0.73 2007 -08 0.98 1.00

4. Estimate gender disparity in primary and Goal 3: secondary Promote education, gender equality preferably by and empower 2005, and in women all levels of education , no later than 2015.

Ratio of girls to boys in primary education Ratio of Literate women to men (15-24 years) Share of women in wage employment in non-agriculture

0.67

2007 -08

0.88

1.00

18.6 (200405)

2009 -10

18.6

50

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Achievement:
MGD Goal Targets Major Indicators 1990 Assessm Value MDG (estimate ent done achieved Target d value) for the for the 2015 latest latest Year year 125 2009 64 42

U5MR (per 1,00 live births) 5.Reduce by IMR (per 1,000 two thirds the live births) mortality rate among children under five. Proportion of one year olds immunized against measles

Goal 4: Reduce child mortality

80

2010

47

27

42.2

2009

74.1

100

National Rural Health Mission

Achievement:
MGD Goal Targets Major Indicators 1990 Assessm Value MDG (estimat ent done achieved Target ed for the for the 2015 value) latest latest Year year

MMR (per 100,000 live births) 6. Reduce by (Trends in three quarters Goal 5: Maternal between 1990 Improve Mortality 2010) and 2015, the Proportion of maternal health Maternal births attended Morality Ratio. by skilled health professionals

437

2007-09

212

109

33

2007-08

52

100

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Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and Other Diseases

Achievement:

Achievement:
MGD Goal Targets Major Indicators 1990 Assessment Value (estimated done for achieved value) the latest for the Year latest year MDG Target 2015 Proportion of land area covered by forest 9. Integrate the principles of sustainable development into Ratio of area protected country policies and programmes, (to maintain biological and reverse the loss of diversity) to surface area environmental resources. Energy use per unit of GDP (Rupee) Percentage of people using improved source of drinking water 10. Halve, by 2015, the proportion Percentage of households of people without sustainable without sanitation access to safe drinking water and facility basic sanitation. Percentage of people using improved sanitation 11. By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers Forest cover increased by 0.03% or 728 square Km between 2005 and 2007 Ratio of protected area to total area increases by 0.02% or 698 square Km between 1999 and 2011 Energy intensity has come down from 0.128KWh in 1970-71 to 0.122 KWh in 2009-10

66.4

2008-09

91.4

83

Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability

76

2008

49.2

38

18

2008-09

47.6

64

Slum population as percentage of urban population

2001

42.6 million

Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability

Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability

Target 10: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation
Total

Sanitation Campaign Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission

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Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability

Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability

Target 11: To achieve by 2020 a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers
The National Urban Renewal Mission (2005)

Ensuring delivery of other existing universal services of the government for education, health, and social security. (NSDP).

whose major objectives are: To scale-up delivery of civic amenities and provision of utilities with emphasis on universal access to the urban poor.

National Slum Development Programme

Achievement:
MGD Goal Targets Major Indicators 1990 Assessm Value MDG (estima ent done achieve Target ted for the d for the 2015 value) latest latest Year year

Conclusion

12. In cooperation with private Goal 8: sector, make Develop a available Global benefits of new Partnership technologies, for especially Development information and communication

Telephone lines and cellular subscribers per 100 population

0.67%

2011

76.03%

**

Internet subscribers

0.21 million in 1999

2011

20.33 million

**

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