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Prerequisites: This tutorial assumes that you are familiar with the
menu structure in FLUENT and that you have solved or read Tu-
torial 1. Some steps in the setup and solution procedure will not
be shown explicitly.
and the initial sand position is shown in Figure 18.1. The domain
is modeled as 2D axisymmetric.
The fixed-values option will be used to simulate the impeller. Ex-
perimental data are used to represent the time-averaged velocity
and turbulence values at the impeller location. This approach
avoids the need to model the impeller itself. These experimental
data are provided in a user-defined function.
.4446 m
.016 m
water
.4446 m
impeller
settled
sand .1728 m
.0864 m
bed .116 m
Preparation
Step 1: Grid
(a) Display the grid using the default settings (Figure 18.2).
Extra: You can use the right mouse button to check which
zone number corresponds to each boundary. If you click
the right mouse button on one of the boundaries in the
graphics window, its zone number, name, and type will be
printed in the FLUENT console window. This feature is
especially useful when you have several zones of the same
type and you want to distinguish between them quickly.
Y
Z X
Y
Z X
(e) Click with the left mouse button on the indicator of the dial
and drag it in the counter-clockwise direction till the upright
view is displayed (Figure 18.4).
(f) Click Apply and close the Camera Parameters and Views panels.
Note: When experimenting with different view manipulation tech-
niques, you may accidentally “lose” your geometry in the dis-
play. You can easily return to the default (front) view by click-
ing on the Default button in the Views panel.
X
Y Z
Step 2: Models
Step 3: Materials
In this step, you will add liquid water to the list of fluid materials by
copying it from the materials database, and create a new material called
sand.
Define −→Materials...
Step 4: Phases
ii. In the Primary Phase panel, enter water for the Name.
iii. Select water-liquid from the Phase Material drop-down list.
ii. In the Secondary Phase panel, enter sand for the Name.
iii. Select sand from the Phase Material drop-down list.
iv. Turn on the Granular option.
v. Define the properties of the sand phase.
A. Enter 0.000111 as the Diameter.
B. Select syamlal-obrien from the Granular Viscosity drop-
down list.
C. Select lun-et-al from the Granular Bulk Viscosity drop-
down list.
D. Enter 0.6 as the Packing Limit.
(c) Specify the drag law to be used for computing the interphase
momentum transfer.
i. Click the Interaction... button in the Phases panel.
Variable A4 A5 A6
u velocity 4.5578e+4 -1.9664e+5 –
v velocity -2.0051e+4 1.1856e+5 –
kinetic energy 9.4615e+3 -7.7251e+4 1.8410e+5
dissipation 1.1643e+5 -9.1202e+5 1.9567e+6
See the separate UDF Manual for details about setting up a UDF using
the DEFINE PROFILE macro. Note that, while this macro is usually used
to specify a profile condition on a boundary face zone, it is used in fix.c
to specify the condition in a fluid cell zone. The arguments of the macro
have been changed accordingly.
2. Set the conditions for the fluid zone representing the impeller (fix-
zone).
You will specify the conditions for the water and the sand sepa-
rately. There are no conditions to be specified for the mixture (i.e.,
conditions that apply to all phases); the default conditions for the
mixture are acceptable.
Define −→Boundary Conditions...
(a) Set the conditions on fix-zone for the water.
All of the conditions for the water will come from the UDF.
i. In the Boundary Conditions panel, select water from the
Phase drop-down list and click Set....
Step 6: Solution
6. Save the initial case and data files (mixtank.cas and mixtank.dat).
File −→ Write −→Case & Data...
The problem statement is now complete. As a precaution, you
should review the impeller velocity fixes and sand bed patch after
running the calculation for a single time step. Since you are using
a UDF for the velocity profiles, you need to perform one time step
in order for the profiles to be calculated and available for viewing.
8.08e-01
7.27e-01
6.46e-01
5.65e-01
4.85e-01
4.04e-01
3.23e-01
2.42e-01
1.62e-01
8.08e-02
8.41e-06
water-velocity Colored By water Velocity Magnitude (m/s) (Time=5.0000e-03) Nov 19, 2001
FLUENT 6.0 (axi, segregated, eulerian, ske, unsteady)
8.01e-01
7.21e-01
6.41e-01
5.61e-01
4.80e-01
4.00e-01
3.20e-01
2.40e-01
1.60e-01
8.01e-02
0.00e+00
sand-velocity Colored By sand Velocity Magnitude (m/s) (Time=5.0000e-03) Nov 19, 2001
FLUENT 6.0 (axi, segregated, eulerian, ske, unsteady)
5.62e-01
5.06e-01
4.50e-01
3.94e-01
3.37e-01
2.81e-01
2.25e-01
1.69e-01
1.12e-01
5.62e-02
0.00e+00
10. Save the case and data files (mixtank1.cas and mixtank1.dat).
File −→ Write −→Case & Data...
8.11e-01
7.30e-01
6.49e-01
5.68e-01
4.87e-01
4.06e-01
3.25e-01
2.44e-01
1.62e-01
8.14e-02
2.31e-04
water-velocity Colored By water Velocity Magnitude (m/s) (Time=1.0000e+00) Nov 19, 2001
FLUENT 6.0 (axi, segregated, eulerian, ske, unsteady)
8.17e-01
7.35e-01
6.53e-01
5.72e-01
4.90e-01
4.08e-01
3.27e-01
2.45e-01
1.63e-01
8.17e-02
0.00e+00
sand-velocity Colored By sand Velocity Magnitude (m/s) (Time=1.0000e+00) Nov 19, 2001
FLUENT 6.0 (axi, segregated, eulerian, ske, unsteady)
5.47e-01
4.93e-01
4.38e-01
3.83e-01
3.28e-01
2.74e-01
2.19e-01
1.64e-01
1.09e-01
5.47e-02
0.00e+00
13. Save the case and data files (mixtank20.cas and mixtank20.dat).
File −→ Write −→Case & Data...
Step 7: Postprocessing
You will now examine the progress of the sand and water in the mixing
tank after a total of 20 seconds.The mixing tank has nearly, but not quite,
reached a steady flow solution.
8.31e-01
7.48e-01
6.65e-01
5.82e-01
4.99e-01
4.16e-01
3.33e-01
2.50e-01
1.67e-01
8.44e-02
1.41e-03
water-velocity Colored By water Velocity Magnitude (m/s) (Time=2.0000e+01) Nov 19, 2001
FLUENT 6.0 (axi, segregated, eulerian, ske, unsteady)
8.34e-01
7.51e-01
6.67e-01
5.84e-01
5.01e-01
4.17e-01
3.34e-01
2.50e-01
1.67e-01
8.34e-02
0.00e+00
sand-velocity Colored By sand Velocity Magnitude (m/s) (Time=2.0000e+01) Nov 19, 2001
FLUENT 6.0 (axi, segregated, eulerian, ske, unsteady)
3.23e-01
2.91e-01
2.59e-01
2.26e-01
1.94e-01
1.62e-01
1.29e-01
9.70e-02
6.47e-02
3.23e-02
0.00e+00
1.50e+02
1.63e+01
-1.18e+02
-2.52e+02
-3.86e+02
-5.20e+02
-6.55e+02
-7.89e+02
-9.23e+02
-1.06e+03
-1.19e+03