2/20/2013

1
Induction

Magnetic Flux & Induced emf
Amperes Law Faradays Law



We can generate electric current using a time-varying
magnetic field!

NOTE: E14X.1 is incorrect!
Change the wording to: Argue that
B-bar
= c
B
.

k-work F F dS
E dS dS emf
q q q

= = = =
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2
Magnetic Flux & Induced Current
Lenzs Law


Induced current acts to fight the change that created it.
If magnetic flux is decreasing, induced B-field will be in the
same direction.
If magnetic flux is increasing, induced B-field will be in the
opposite direction.
Use Right Hand Rule for current loops:
Fingers follow current direction around the loop.
Thumb points in the direction of the magnetic field.

1
0
B
d
E dS
c dt
u
+ =
}
1
B
loop
d
emf
c dt
u
=
Example #1
In the figure, one end of a bar is in contact with a
circular rail and the other end is pivoted at P. A steady,
uniform magnetic field is present, directed away from
the viewer in the z direction. As the bar rotates about
P, the induced current through the resistor R is _____
A. Zero.
B. From a to b.
C. From b to a.
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Example #2
When the switch in the left coil is closed, the field in
the left coil ____.
A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Is constant

This means that the current through the resistor ____.
A. Flows from A to B
B. Flows from B to A
C. Is equal to zero

Example #3
A single conducting ring is wrapped around a solenoid
which is connected to a variable DC power supply as
shown below. If the current from the power supply is
changed from 0 to 1.5 A in 0.52 ms, what is the
induced electric field around the ring? Assume that the
radius of the ring and the solenoid are the same.

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4
Inductance
Inductors voltage response when
B-bar
changes
Define a property that relates the induced emf to the rate of
change of current which causes the rate of change of flux.
One coil responds when another coil changes mutual inductance
A coil responds when its own current changes self inductance


Transformers
Flux through all loops is the same.
Use ferromagnetic core to increase
and direct flux.
dI
emf L
dt
=
2 2 2
2
4
sol
kr N
L
c l
t
=
1 1 2 2
I V I V =
1 2 2 1
NV N V =
RL Circuits
Time Varying DC Circuit
Resistor, Inductor, Switch
Inductor discharges through resistor
Current changes as capacitor charge changes
Compare system at t = 0 to system at t ~
Time constant, t = L/R
/ tR L
o
I I e

=
/ tR L
L o
V V e

=
0
0.3
0.6
0.9
1.2
1.5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
I
n
d
u
c
t
o
r

V
o
l
t
a
g
e

(
V
)

Time (s)
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5
4
A
C
kd
k
t
=
L
R
A

=
2 2 2
2
4 kr N
L
c l
t
=
C
Q
V
C
=
R
V I R =
L
dI
V L
dt
=
2
2
C
Q
U
C
=
2
P I R =
2
1
2
L
U LI =
Example #4
We made several assumptions when developing the
transformer equation (emf
1
/emf
2
) = (N
1
/N
2
). Which
of the following best describes them?
A. The two coils were wound around the same form so that
they have the same area.
B. The two coil were wound around a soft-iron core so that
they experience the same magnetic field.
C. They total flux per turn is the same for both coils.
D. We made assumptions A and C, but not B.
E. All of these assumptions were made in our derivation.
F. None of these assumptions were made in our derivation.
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E14T.1
Imagine that you place a loop with its face
perpendicular to a uniform, static magnetic field. If
the magnetic field points directly at you as you look at
the loop, in what direction does the induced current
flow around the loop.
A. It flows clockwise.
B. It flows counterclockwise.
C. There is no induced current.
D. Something else happens.
E. There is not enough information to determine the currents
flow direction.
E14T.2
Imagine that you place a loop with its face
perpendicular to a uniform, static magnetic field. The
magnetic field is increasing in magnitude. What is the
direction of the induced current now?
A. It flows clockwise.
B. It flows counterclockwise.
C. There is no induced current.
D. Something else happens.
E. There is not enough information to determine the currents
flow direction.
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E14T.3A
Loop A and a long, straight, current-carrying-wire lie
near each other on a tabletop in the over-head view as
shown. Assume that the current in the wire suddenly
decreases. In which direction does the induced
current flow in Loop A.
A. It flows clockwise.
B. It flows counterclockwise.
C. There is no induced current.
D. Something else happens.
E. There is not enough information to determine the currents
flow direction.
E14T.3B
Loop B is perpendicular to the wire and concentric
with it. Assume that the current in the wire suddenly
decreases. In which direction does the induced
current flow in wire B?
A. It flows clockwise.
B. It flows counterclockwise.
C. There is no induced current.
D. Something else happens.
E. There is not enough information to determine the currents
flow direction.
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E14T.4
Two identical concentric loops are arranged as shown.
One loop has a steady current flowing through it
(provided by the power supply shown). When the
power is turned off, in what direction does the induced
current flow in loop 2?
A. It flows clockwise.
B. It flows counterclockwise.
C. There is no induced current.
D. Something else happens.
E. There is not enough information
to determine the flow direction.
E14T.5
Two identical concentric loops are arranged as shown.
One loop has a steady current flowing through it
(provided by the power supply shown). When the
power is turned off, will the two loops briefly attract
or repel one another?
A. They will attract each other.
B. They will repel each other
C. They will neither attract nor
repel one another.
D. The answer depends on the
direction of current 1.
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E14T.6
Imagine that we wrap a solenoid coil around a hollow
cardboard cylinder. Now imagine that we insert an
iron core into the solenoid. What will happen to the
coils inductance when we insert the iron core?
A. The inductance increases.
B. The inductance decreases.
C. The induction is unchanged.
D. We do not have enough information to determine how
the induction changes
E14T.7
A coil with a self-inductance of 1 H is connected in
parallel to a 10?
A. The inductance increases.
B. The inductance decreases.
C. The induction is unchanged.
D. We do not have enough information to determine how
the induction changes
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E14T.7
A coil with a self-inductance of 1 H is connected in
parallel to a 10O lightbulb and a 5V battery. Very
roughly how long would it keep the lightbulb lighted
if the battery were disconnected from the circuit?
A. 100 s
B. 20 s
C. 2 s
D. 0.2 s
E. 0.02 s
E14T.8
If we increase the resistance in the circuit shown, how
would this change the rate of decay of the current
through the coil?
A. The current will decay more quickly.
B. The current will decay more slowly.
C. There will be no change in the rate of decay.
D. There is not enough information to answer definitively.
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Example #5
It is known that birds can detect the earths magnetic
field, but the mechanism of how they do this is still
under study. It has been suggested that perhaps they
detect a motional emf as they fly north to south, but it
turns out that the induced voltages are small compared
to the voltages normally encountered in cells, so this is
probably not the mechanism involved. To check this
out, calculate the induced voltage for a wild goose
with a wingspan of 1.7 m flying due south at 12 m/s at
a point where the earths magnetic field is 50 T
directed downward from the horizontal by 40.