NORMAL

Decreased bladder capacity Lower core body temperature Heart valves may be thicker and stiffer from lipid deposits and collagen cross-linking Mild systolic heart murmors Cilia less effective (making risk for respiratory infection higher) Lower sperm motility in males Slight delay in reflex response Loss of hair in lower extremities Decreased spoken word recognition Reduced pupillary response Decreased color discrimination Hearing loss Joint pain due to age-related changes in cartilage Loss of height due to age-related changes in cartilage Reduced speed of RBC production Decrease bone marrow reserve Slight decrease in T cells Slight increase in B cells Decrease in B12

ABNORMAL
Urine and fecal incontinence Hypothyroidism Anemia Onychogryphosis (thickening and distortion of nail plate) Onycholysis (fungal infection) Incompetent glottis (resulting in breathlessness in speech) Memory loss Falling Sudden confusion Constipation High or low WBC count Vitamin deficiencies Decrease in folic acid

Male: cholesterol rises after age 80 Female: cholesterol rises after menopause Decrease in amount of total protein (albumin and globulin) Reduced muscle mass (results in decrease creatinine levels) Decrease in specific gravity (due to 33-50% decline in nephrons) Decrease in liver mass and blood flow (reduces metabolic rate of meds) Diminished salivary secretion Decreased gastric acid Decreased body water