PROBLEM 8.

56
KNOWN: Thin walled tube of prescribed diameter and length. Water inlet temperature and flow rate. FIND: (a) Outlet temperature of the water when the tube surface is maintained at a uniform temperature Ts = 27C assuming Tm = 300 K for evaluating water properties, (b) Outlet temperature of the water when the tube is heated by cross flow of air with V = 10 m/s and T = 100C assuming Tf = 350 K for evaluating air properties, and (c) Outlet temperature of the water for the conditions of part (b) using properly evaluated properties. SCHEMATIC:

ASSUMPTIONS: (1) Steady-state conditions, (2) Negligible kinetic and potential energy changes and axial conduction, (3) Fully developed flow and thermal conditions for internal flow, and (4) Negligible tube wall thermal resistance. PROPERTIES: Table A.6, Water ( Tm = 300 K): = 997 kg/m3, cp = 4179 J/kgK, = 855 10-6 Ns/m2, k = 0.613 W/mK, Pr = 5.83; Table A.4, Air ( Tf = 350 K, 1 atm): = 20.92 10-6 m2/s, k = 0.030 W/mK, Pr = 0.700. ANALYSIS: (a) For the constant wall temperature cooling process, Ts = 27C, the water outlet temperature can be determined from Eq. 8.42b, with P = D,

Ts Tm,o

PL hi = exp mc  p Ts Tm,i  4m 4 0.2 kg s = = 29, 783 D 0.010 m 855 106 N s m 2

(1)

To estimate the convection coefficient, characterize the flow evaluating properties at Tm = 300 K

ReD =

Hence, the flow is turbulent and assuming fully developed (L/D = 200), and using the Dittus-Boelter correlation, Eq. 8.60, find h i ,
hD 0.3 Nu D = i = 0.023 Re0.8 D Pr k

hi =

0.613 W m K 0.010 m

0.023 ( 29, 783)

0.8

(5.83)0.3 = 9080 W

m 2 K (2)

Substituting this value for h i into Eq. (1), find

( 27 47 )

(27 Tm,o ) = exp



0.010 m 2 m 9080 W m 2 K 0.2 kg s 4179 J kg K

Tm,o = 37.1C

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(3)

(b) For the air heating process, T = 100C, the water outlet temperature follows from Eq. 8.46a,

T Tm,o

DL U = exp mc  p T Tm,i

Continued...

PROBLEM 8.56 (Cont.)

where the overall coefficient is

U = (1 hi + 1 h o )

(4)

To estimate h o , use the Churchill-Bernstein correlation, Eq. 7.57, for cross flow over a cylinder using properties evaluated at Tf = 350 K.

ReD =

VD 10 m s 0.010 m = = 4780 20.92 106 m 2 s

2 1/ 3 0.62 Re1/ D Pr

(5) 4/5 (6)

5/8 Re D 1 + Nu D = 0.3 + 1/ 4 282, 000 1 + ( 0.4 Pr )2 / 3

1 + ( 0.4 0.700 ) Nu D k 0.030 W m K ho = = 35.76 = 107 W m 2 K D 0.010 m

Nu D = 0.3 +

0.62 ( 4780 )

1/ 2

(0.700 )1/ 3 1 +
2 / 3 1/ 4

4780 282, 000

5 / 8 4 / 5

= 35.76

Assuming h i = 9080 W/m2K as calculated from part (a), find U then Tm,o, 1 U = 1 9080 + 1 107 W m 2 K = 106 W m 2 K

0.010 m 2 m = exp 106 W m 2 K 0.2 kg s 4179 J kg K (100 47 ) C

100 Tm,o

Tm,o = 47.4 C

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(c) Using the IHT Correlation Tools for Internal Flow (Turbulent Flow) and External Flow (over a Cylinder) the analyses of part (b) were performed considering the appropriate temperatures to evaluate the thermophysical properties. For internal and external flow, respectively,

Tm = Tm,i + Tm,o
Tm
Ts Ts
TW  1 hi 1 ho

Tf = ( Ts + T ) 2

(7,8)

where the average tube wall temperature is evaluated from the thermal circuit, (9)

The results of the analyses are summarized in the table along with the results from parts (a) and (b), Condition Ts = 27C T = 100 C, Tf = 350C Exact solution

Tm
(K) 300 300 320

hi
(W/m K) 9080 9080 11,420
2

Tf
(K) --350 347

ho
(W/m K) --107 107.3
2

U
(W/m K) --106 106.3
2

Tm,o (C) 37.1C 47.4C 47.4C

Note that since h o << h i , U is controlled by the value of h o which was evaluated near 350 K for both parts (b) and (c). Hence, it follows that Tm,o is not very sensitive to h i which, as seen above, is sensitive to the value of Tm .