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  • An Investigation Into The Factors Affecting The Rate of Reaction Between Magnesium and Hydrochloric Acid

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    Dao Thi Hoang Hoa
    31 просмотров4 страницы
    1) The document summarizes an experiment investigating how temperature affects the rate of reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid. It describes the experimental procedure, results, and analysis which found that the rate of reaction increased linearly with increasing temperature. 2) Some results were unexpected, such as reaction curves crossing or one temperature having a lower rate than the next highest. This could be due to magnesium corrosion or gas syringe errors. 3) To improve the experiment, the author would find a better way to add the magnesium to prevent gas loss and consider repeating it over a wider temperature range or varying other factors.

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    1) The document summarizes an experiment investigating how temperature affects the rate of reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid. It describes the experimental procedure, results, and analysis which found that the rate of reaction increased linearly with increasing temperature. 2) Some results were unexpected, such as reaction curves crossing or one temperature having a lower rate than the next highest. This could be due to magnesium corrosion or gas syringe errors. 3) To improve the experiment, the author would find a better way to add the magnesium to prevent gas loss and consider repeating it over a wider temperature range or varying other factors.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Скачайте в формате DOC, PDF, TXT или читайте онлайн в Scribd
    Отметить как неприемлемый контент
    31 просмотров4 страницы

    An Investigation Into The Factors Affecting The Rate of Reaction Between Magnesium and Hydrochloric Acid

    Загружено:

    Dao Thi Hoang Hoa
    1) The document summarizes an experiment investigating how temperature affects the rate of reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid. It describes the experimental procedure, results, and analysis which found that the rate of reaction increased linearly with increasing temperature. 2) Some results were unexpected, such as reaction curves crossing or one temperature having a lower rate than the next highest. This could be due to magnesium corrosion or gas syringe errors. 3) To improve the experiment, the author would find a better way to add the magnesium to prevent gas loss and consider repeating it over a wider temperature range or varying other factors.

    Авторское право:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Скачайте в формате DOC, PDF, TXT или читайте онлайн в Scribd
    Отметить как неприемлемый контент
    из 4

    AnInvestigationintothefactorsaffectingthe rateofreactionbetweenmagnesiumand hydrochloricacid

    AnInvestigationintothefactorsaffectingtherateofreactionbetweenmagnesiumandhydrochloric acidPlanning *Hypothesis Ipredictthatasthetemperatureincreases,thespeedofthereactionwillincreasethereforethegaswill beproducedfaster.Ibelievethisbecausemostchemicalreactionshappenfasterwhenthetemperature ishigher.Athighertemperaturesmoleculesmoveraroundfaster,whichmakesiteasierforthemtoreact together.Usually,ariseof10OCwilldoubletherateofreaction. Chemicalreactionstakeplacebychance.Particlesneedtocollidewithenoughvelocitysothatthey react.Asthetemperatureisincreasedtheparticlesmovefastersincetheyhavemoreenergy.Thismeans thattheyarecollidingmoreoftenandmoreofthecollisionshaveenoughvelocitytocauseareaction. Sincetherearemorecollisionsthechemicalreactiontakesplacefaster. *PilotExperiment Todecideonthebestvolumeandconcentrationofhydrochloricacidandbestmassofmagnesiuma numberofcalculationsweredoneandapilotexperimentconducted. Theequationforthereactionis: Magnesium(s)+HydrochloricAcid(l)MagnesiumChloride(l)+Hydrogen(g) Mg(s)+2HCL(l)MgCl2(l)+H2(g) Wewereadvisedtouse0.1gofmagnesiumribbon(foundtobe10.9cmlong).TheRelativeMolecular Mass(RMM)ofmagnesiumis24,thereforethemolesofmagnesiumtobeusedwas: Moles=0.1 24 Moles=0.00416 Inthereactionabove,1moleofmagnesiumreactswith2molesofhydrochloricacid.The concentrationofacidwas1mol/dm3.Thereforethevolumeofhydrochloricacidusedwas: Volume=0.00416*2 1 Volume=0.0083dm3 Volume=8.3cm3 Itwasdecidedtouseanexcessofhydrochloricacidtoensureallthemagnesiumreacted,therefore 10cm3ofacidwasusedinthepilotexperiment.Atroomtemperature10cm3ofhydrochloricacidwas addedto0.1gofmagnesiumandthegaswascollected(seefig1).Thevolumeofgasproducedwas

    measuredevery15seconds.Itwasfoundthatthereactionwastoorapidtobeeffectivelymeasured, therefore10cm3ofwaterwasaddedtohalvetheconcentrationoftheacid. *InvestigationExperiment Iamgoingtoinvestigatehowtemperatureaffectstherateofreactionbetweenmagnesiumand hydrochloricacid.Theprocedurefortheexperimentisasfollows; *Usingameasuringcylinder,measure10cm3ofwaterandpouritintothesidearmtube. *Measure10cm3ofhydrochloricacid(1mol/dm3)andaddittothewater. *Placethesidearmtubeinawaterbathat20OC,setuptheapparatusbelow. *Measure10.9cmofmagnesiumribbonandcheckonthebalancethatitweighs0.1g. *Coiltheribbonaroundapencilandthendropitintothesidearmtubeandquicklyputabungonthe sidearmtube(thismustbedonequicklytopreventgasescaping). *Every15secondsmeasurethevolumeofgasproduceduntillessthan1cm3ofgasisproducedevery 15seconds. *Repeatexperimenttwomoretimes(foraccuracy)andrecordallresultsinatable. *Repeattheexperimentfortemperaturesof30OC,40OC,50OCand60OC Itisimportantthatonlythetemperatureischangedsincethisiswhatisbeinginvestigated. Method *Apparatus Ihavechosentousea10cm3measuringcylindertomeasurethevolumesofsubstancesusedsinceitis moreaccuratethanapipette.Iwilluseanelectronicwaterbathformaintainingthemixtureata temperaturesincethetemperatureismoreaccuratethanawaterbathaboveaBunsenburner. A100cm3gassyringeshouldbeappropriatelyaccurateformeasuringthegasproducedsinceitis accurateto1cm3ofgas.Iwilluseathreefigurebalancetomeasurethemassofmagnesiumtobeused sinceitisvitalthatascloseto0.1gofmagnesiumisusedaspossible. *Variables Ihavechosentorepeattheexperiment3timesbecauseitthereforeallowsmetocalculateanaverage rateofreaction.Thiswillensurethattherearenoabnormalresultsanditwillincreaseaccuracy.Ihave decidedtostartreadingsat20OCandincreaseby10OCeachtimeuntil60OCisreached,sinceitwill allowmetoseetheincreaseinrateofreactionand5resultsshouldbeenoughtoidentifyanytrends. *RatesofReaction Increasingthetemperatureincreasesthespeedoftheparticles.Thefastertheparticlesmove,the greaterthenumberofcollisions,andthereforetherateofthereactionincreases.A10OCrisein temperaturealmostdoublestherateofmostreactions. Chemicalreactionstakeplacebychance.Particlesneedtocollidewithenoughvelocitysothatthey

    react.Asthetemperatureisincreasedtheparticlesmovefastersincetheyhavemoreenergy.Thismeans thattheyarecollidingmoreoftenandmoreofthecollisionshaveenoughvelocitytocauseareaction. Sincetherearemorecollisionsthechemicalreactiontakesplacefaster. AnalysingEvidence Firstthreegraphsweredrawn(oneforeachtimethewholeexperimentwascarriedout).Sothatthe graphsdidnotbecomeovercrowdedthecurvesweredrawnonseparatepiecesofseethroughOHP filmandoverlaideachgraph.Note:Theyhavebeenattachedalloverlaidtheirappropriategraphbut shouldbeviewedoneatatimeoverlaidtheappropriategraph.Atangentwasdrawnatthebeginningof eachcurveanditsgradientcalculated,thegradientsareshowninthetablebelow. Theaveragegradientwascalculatedandthenthegradientsplottedonagraph.Asthetemperature increasessodoestherateofreaction.Increasingthetemperatureincreasesthespeedoftheparticles. Thefastertheparticlesmove,thegreaterthenumberofcollisions,andthereforetherateofthereaction increases. Chemicalreactionstakeplacebychance.Particlesneedtocollidewithenoughvelocitysothatthey react.Asthetemperatureisincreasedtheparticlesmovefastersincetheyhavemoreenergy.Thismeans thattheyarecollidingmoreoftenandmoreofthecollisionshaveenoughvelocitytocauseareaction. Sincetherearemorecollisionsthechemicalreactiontakesplacefaster. InmydesignIpredictedthatasthetemperatureincreasedtherateofreactionwouldincrease.I predictedthatforevery10OCincreaseintemperaturetherateofreactionwoulddouble.Iwascorrect thatasthetemperatureincreasessodoestherateofreactionhowevertherateofreactiondoesnot doubleforevery10OCincreaseintemperaturealthoughitisalinearrelationship.

    EvaluatingEvidence Ibelievethattheexperimentwassuccessfulbutsomeoftheresultswereunexpected/unreliable.The linesonthegraphsfor20OCand30OCcross,thisdoesntaffectmyresultssinceIamonlyconcerned withtheinitialrateorreactionbutitwasunexpected.Ingraph3therateofreactionfor60OCislower thanthatof50OCthisresultisanomalousandhasbeenignoredinthisinvestigation. Ibelievethattheexperimentwasdesignedwellbuttherewereafewproblems.Althoughtheinitialrate ofreaction(whichiswhatIamconcernedwithinthisinvestigation)seemedtofitatrend,therateof reactioncurvesofsometemperaturesonthegraphscrossed.Thiscouldhavebeenbecausesomeofthe magnesiumhadcorrodedformingamagnesiumoxidelayerwhichwouldhaveaffectedtherateof reaction. Otherfactorwhichcouldhavegivenmeunreliableresultscouldhavebeenthatthegassyringeswere wetcausingthemtojamandsonotgivingcorrectresultsorthatthebungwasnotplacedonthetopof thesidearmtubefastenoughwhichallowedgastoescape.Iconductedallthreeexperimentsforeach temperatureatthesametimetosavetime.Anerrorinmygraphs(plotting,drawingcurvesor calculatinggradients)couldhavealsoaffectedthecalculatedratesofreaction. ToimprovetheexperimentIwouldfindawayofattachingandreleasingthemagnesiuminsidetheside

    armtubeabovetheacid(withabungatthetopofthesidearmtube)sothatthemagnesiumcouldbe droppedintotheacidwithoutanygasbeinglost. Additionalwork,whichcouldbecarriedout,istorepeattheexperimentusing,awiderrangeof temperatures.Theinvestigationcouldalsobeextendedtoinvestigateotherfactorsaffectingtherateof reactionsuchascatalysts,concentrationoftheacidorparticlesizeofthemagnesium.

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