IMPLEMENTATION OF SMART SOLAR CAP AND ITS JUDICIOUS USE FOR FARMERS

Mini Project Report

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award -of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electrical And Electronics Engineering
By

DEEPAK KHANGAR SHIVAM JINDAL SHIV PRAKASH ASHISH KUMAR PATHAK

(Roll No.:B100443EE) (Roll No.: B100161EE) (RollNo.:B100524EE) (Roll No.: B100465EE)

Under Guidance Of Dr. Ashok S.

Department of Electrical And Electronics Engineering

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CALICUT NIT Campus P.O, Calicut - 673601 India 2013

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the report entitled IMPLEMENTATION OF SOLAR CAP AND ITS JUDICIOUS USE FOR FARMERS is a bonafide record of the mini project presented by SHIV PRAKASH (Roll No. B100524EE), ASHISH KUMAR PATHAK (Roll No. B100465EE), DEEPAK KHANGAR (Roll No. B100443EE) and SHIVAM JINDAL (Roll No. B100161EE) under my supervision and guidance, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electrical & Electronic Engineering from National Institute of Technology Calicut.

Guide: Dr. Ashok S. Professor Dept of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Head Of The Department: Dr. Susy Thomas Professor and Head Dept of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Date: 1-05-2013 Place: NIT Calicut

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We thank our Project guide Dr. Ashok S., Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, for his continuous support of our mini-project. He helped us a lot in finalizing the topic and guided us throughout the arduous journey. Our heartfelt gratitude also goes to the Seniors of the Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department for all the help and academic guidance they have provided to us during the project. Without them, this project would have been difficult to complete. We also thank our Project co-ordinator Smt. Preetha P., Associate Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, for his support of our mini-project.

DEEPAK KHANGAR SHIVAM JINDAL SHIV PRAKASH ASHISH KUMAR PATHAK

(Roll No.:B100443EE) (Roll No.: B100161EE) (RollNo.:B100524EE) (Roll No.: B100465EE)

ABSTRACT

Solar panels (arrays of photovoltaic cells) make use of renewable energy from the sun, and are a clean and environmentally sound means of collecting solar energy. This Solar Cooling Fan Cap is specially designed for farmers of the region where temperature is very high during summer time. It can be used by tourists, fishermen and children. It's good for preventing sunstroke and lowering the temperature. There is a solar cell in front of the cap. The solar cell can transfer solar energy directly into electric power which can turn on the fan. Its fanning can change automatically depending on the availability of sunlight. Wearing these caps during the hot summer, farmers can hide themselves from hot sunlight and get cool breeze during their work on the field. Also a pair of LEDs are provided in the cap with rechargeable batteries so that they can be charged during daytime and used in the night.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 2- PROBLEM STATEMENT CHAPTER 3 -SOLAR CAP CHAPTER 4- SMART SOLAR CAP CHAPTER 5- DETAILS OF PROPOSED SOLAR CAP CHAPTER 6 CIRCUIT ASSEMBLE CHAPTER 7- SIMULATIONS ON MATLAB CHAPTER 8- PROBLEM FACED CHAPTER 9- CONCLUSION CHAPTER 10- REFERENCE

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1OVERVIEWThis chapter gives the insight into our mini project covering our motivation, support, purpose of our project. It gives potential of Solar energy in India especially in rural India which his devoid of basic electricity.

1.2 MOTIVATIONThe major motivation for our project came from the farmers working in extreme heat in villages. India being mostly an agricultural country and never in the history conditions of farmers working in the fields been easy and especially recently in last few decades, increasing cases of farmer suicides all across the country stimulated us to blend our electrical skills into a noble social purpose. This project might not be claiming to remove a major portion of farmer problems but still we believe a small token of work is needed to kindle the fire. Some facts about farmer suicides. In 2006, the state of Maharashtra, with 4,453 farmers suicides accounted for over a quarter of the all-India total of 17,060, according to the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB). NCRB also stated that there were at least 16,196 farmers' suicides in India in 2008, bringing the total since 1997 to 199,132 .[11] According to another study by the Bureau, while the number of farm suicides increased since 2001, the number of farmers has fallen, as thousands abandoning agriculture in distress.[12] According to government data, over 5,000 farmers committed suicide in 2005-2009 in Maharashtra, while 1,313 cases reported by Andhra Pradesh between 2005 and 2007. In Karnataka the number stood at 1,003, since 2005-06 till August 2009. According to NCRB database number of suicides during 2005-2009 in Gujarat 387, Kerala 905, Punjab 75 and Tamil Nadu 26.[13] In April 2009, the state of Chattisgarh reported 1,500 farmers committed suicide due to debt and crop failure.[14] At least 17,368 Indian farmers killed themselves in 2009, the worst figure for farm suicides in six years, according to data of the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB). Apart from this, solar energy which is one of the most significant renewable resources enhanced our interest in this particular project. With the use of more efficient solar panels we intend to tap more solar energy to run a motor which in turn is connected to small fan , especially in north India where summer sees intense heat and extreme temperature scope of solar panels increases even more. Basically its social purpose being served by the science which became our motivation.

1.3 Scope of Solar energy in IndiaIndia is one of the suns most favoured nations, blessed with about 5000 TWh of solar insulation every year. India should tap this vast resource to satisfy its growing energy demand and time is of the essence. Even if a tenth of this potential was utilized, it could mark the end of Indias power problems using the countrys deserts and farm land. Despite the worldwide recession, the solar photovoltaic (PV) industry has demonstrated unprecedented growth over the past years, with increased demand for solar power attracting more and more players into the market. The price of solar panels fell 47% in 2011, according to Bloomberg. This has made the business case for solar more compelling because solar PV has, in some parts of the world, already reached grid parity, and it will soon be below the US$1/W cost target for most of the world sometime this year. This is making solar technology more competitive with traditional energy sources.

IN KOZHIKODE

Solar Irradiation in Kozhikode Solar Radiation Annual Average: 5.53 Monthly Average Geographical Information Latitude 11.2883535 Longitude 75.8090658

Expected solar radiation in Kozhikode

KW h/ m^ 2/d ay

CHAPTER 2

PROBLEM STATEMENT
To design a Solar Cap for the Farmers which is friendly for them during daytime as well as in night and should be cost effective. It can act as a shade as well as relieving them by giving cool breeze during daytime. Also it can help by providing them useful light in the dark night.

CHAPTER 3
SOLAR CAP (An overview)
3.1 Introduction
This chapter gives the basic features(working principle , types , size etc) of Solar cap and its importance to a farmer working in villages.

3.2 Features
What is Solar Cap? Solar Cap is basically micro form of normal electrical fan. It utilizes the solar energy directly to run the dc motor to create the cooling effect. It generally comes with a wearing cap so it is called a Solar Cap.

How it is different from Solar Panel? The better answer will be solar cap utilizes the mini solar panels for its cooling functioning. Solar Panels convert solar energy into electrical form which runs the small motor with protruding blades to create the cooling effect. How does it look?

3.3 Block diagram of a Solar cap?

Solar Panel

Rechargeable Battery

ON / OFF Control

ON / OFF Control

LED Light DC Fan

CHAPTER 4
OUR MODEL SMART SOLAR CAP
4.1 Introduction
This chapter gives insight into the solar cap model proposed by our project team. It differentiates between the traditional solar panels , solar caps and add on which we have provided with the solar cap to make it Smart Solar Cap.

4.2 Traditional use of Solar caps

The solar cooling fan caps are specially designed for summer tourists as well as fishing and climbing mountains, playing golf, sport meeting, people working outdoors and children. Its good for preventing sunstroke and lowering the temperature. It can change its speed according to the total light falling on the solar cap.

4.3 Smart Solar Cap

Apart from all the above advantages , Smart solar cap supports the following: a.) First foremost this solar cap will be cheap and available to farmers working in villages with few other adds on. b.) 2 AAA 1.2v rechargeable battery will be attached which during the day will be fully charged c.) Leds attached with the solar cap can be used to read books at night in the village where electricity is not available. d.) AM radio attached as well with the solar cap can be used by farmers to listen to news and know more about efficient agriculture and other leisure activities. e.) It will cool not only the face but also the back portion of head using the proper system of pipes.

4.4 Some other features

LED and Fan in the same cap. Fan speed- 1500 to 2000 rpm. Reduction in noise. Rechargeable Battery. Environmental Friendly. Switches for both fan and Led.

CHAPTER 5
DETAILS OF PROPOSED SOLAR CAP
5.1 Introduction
Following chapter lists the details of each components used in making Smart Solar Cap. It gives out the details of cost of our product and compares with the solar caps available in market. And look for the challenges offered by these companies and how those shortcomings can be overcome.

5.2 Solar Panels Calculation

Number of solar panels used = 2 Ratings of each solar panel = 3V Expected total voltage produced = 5-6V Power Tolerance - -5% to +5% Type : Monocrystalline silicon solar cell Operating current = 150mA Area of each solar panel = 55mm*65mm Maximum Expected solar energy produced by all 3 solar panels = solar intensity (depends upon time)*effective area = 2*.055*.065*1000*.16 W =1.144W But due to uneven distribution of solar radiation on each solar panels Average solar energy by all the two solar panels = 0.5 W Description- Basically the three solar panels are fixed to the head of cap being used. One is right at the centre top while other two are symmetrically opposite to each other. This helps us gathering maximum solar radiation irrespective of the position of sun in the sky. And then these solar panels are connected in series to give us maximum potential difference to be developed across the motor used.

5.3 Motor and fans

Ratings for the motor = 3-5V, 150-180mA Speed in rpm = 1500-2000rpm

5.4 Leds , switch , diode , batteries

Two push switches are used and are at reachable distance such that farmers can easily put it on or off according to the need. One switch is for the fan and the other one for the Led. Two AAA 1.2V rechargeable batteries are used which when in charged conditions can be used to glow Leds during night from small purposes like reading books etc. A simple silicon diode is used for the battery charger circuit. 2 LEDs are working as a light source in the night.

5.5 Cost of proposed Solar Cap:

Cost of each solar panel = 80rs Total cost of 3 solar panel=240rs Cost one AAA rechargeable battery=30rs Cost of two rechargeable batteries=60rs Cost of LED= 10rs Cost of Fan= 20rs Cost of motor= 20rs Cost of cap= 100rs Total cost = 450rs

5.6 Comparison with Solar caps available in market

Various type of solar caps available in markets are as follows;

These solar caps when compared with ours look more compact, simple, cheap, weighing less as they mostly use only one solar panel. Their cost ranges from 300 to 500rs. But most of them are used for only cooling purposes. While ours apart from cooling stores energy in battery have Leds and in future we intend to add radios as well. These features though make it heavier and slightly heavier but their importance to a common farmer increases by manifolds. We have special provisions to let the wind reach both the face and as well as the head by means of specially bent pipes we actually do so making our solar cap to have more spreading cooling effect.

5.7 SCOPE OF IMPROVEMENT

1. DECREASING THE NUMER OF SOLAR PANELS MAKING A AUTOMATIC CONTROL USING WHICH SINGLE SOLAR PANEL TURNS ITSELF ACCORDING THE POSITION OF SUN TO GATHER MAXIMUM SUNLIGHT.

CHAPTER 6
CIRCUIT ASSEMBLE

Switch 1

Diode

Switch 2
SOLAR

PANEL

ss

Two 1.2V Ni-Cd

Motor + Fan

Battery

LEDs

CHAPTER 7
SIMULATIONS ON MATLAB Model Equations:
I = Iph Is(exp(q(V+IRs)/NKT) 1) (V+IRs)/Rsh

1.

Rsh = 15 ohm Rs = 3 ohm 2.

Diode ideality factor = 1.16 I = Total Current

Iph = [Isc + Ki(T-298)] * /1000

Iph= photocurrent Cell's short circuit current temperature coefficient , Ki=0.0017 A/C
= solar radiation (W/m^2)

V-I Plot With Variation Of G (Solar Irradiation)

V-I Plot With Variation Of T (Temperature)

P-V Plot With Variation Of G (Solar Irradiation)

P-V Plot With Variation Of T (Temperature)

P- Plot With Variation Of G (Solar Irradiation)

P- Plot With Variation Of T (Temperature)

CHAPTER 8

PROBLEM FACED IN REALISING PROPOSED PROJECT:1. V-I Characteristics Of Solar Panel Vary Much With Inclination i.e. With Variation In Holding Angle. 2. Differing From Simulation Results, It Is Also Largely Affected With Sun Irradiation and Temperature.

3. High Solar Irradiation Is Required For The Whole Arrangement (Panel, Rechargeable Battery, DC Fan) To Function Normally.

4. Solar Cap Seems To Be Heavy After Fixing All These Devices. Due To This Heavyness, Its Proposed Use In Night Will Not Be Frequent. 5. As Per We Did, The Cost In Realising This Is Around 500. Thus It Is Hard For This To Make Place Among Farmers. 6. We Have Not Made Any Water-Proof Arrangement In This Project. So, It May Damage In Case Of Any High Exposure To Water.

CHAPTER 9

CONCLUSION: Doing This Project Was Really a Job With Fun And Learning. We Have Tried To Fulfill Farmers Need Based On A Technical Idea. For The Farmers It Is Really Very Tough To Work Continuously In Full Hot Day. Thus, This Proposed Solar Cap Will Prove To Be Very Helpful In The Dailywork. Although Several Designs Are Available In Market With Various Equipment Attached, But None Have The Proper Air Circulation And Panel Arrangement Keeping In Mind Of Farmers Need And Work. In Our Project, We Have Selected A Cap That Can Provide Proper Shade As Well As It Will Fit To Their Head Perfectly. Also We Have Tried To Split The Air Flow In Two Direction To Get Cool Breeze On Upper Head As Well As Face. Also Bright LEDs Will Help Them During Night Time. This Project Can Be Improved By Fitting a Device That Can Turn Panel In Proper Direction To Get Maximum Efficient Working. Also a Light Cap Can Be Designed For This Purpose.

CHAPTER 10

REFERANCE
www.wikipedia.org www.ieee.org www.engineergarage.com Rai G D, Solar Energy Utilization, Khanna Publishers, 1997.