Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
org/1
IEEE 802.1Q
Media Access Control Bridges and Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks
Patricia Thaler, Norman Finn, Don Fedyk, Glenn Parsons, Eric Gray
IETF 86 Tutorial
IEEE 802.1Q
Authors
Jnos Farkas Don Fedyk Norman Finn Eric Gray janos.farkas@ericsson.com donald.fedyk@alcatel-lucent.com nfinn@cisco.com eric.gray@ericsson.com
Michael David Johas Teener mikejt@broadcom.com Glenn Parsons Panagiotis Saltsidis Patricia Thaler glenn.parsons@ericsson.com panagiotis.saltsidis@ericsson.com pthaler@broadcom.com
IEEE 802.1Q
Presentation Objective
Give an overview of the capabilities of todays 802.1Q It is much more than spanning tree protocol and 4K VLANs A lot of topics covered at a high level Overall capabilities are discussed but details are not
covered
Todays networks often involve a mixture of L3 routing and
IEEE 802.1Q
Contents
Provider Bridges (PB) /Q-in-Q/ Provider Backbone Bridges (PBB) /MAC-in-MAC/ Edge Virtual Bridging (EVB) Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP), Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) Multiple Registration Protocol (MRP) Shortest Path Bridging (SPB) Software Defined Networking (SDN) aspects Enhancements to bridging of 802.11
Control plane
Operation, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM): Connectivity Fault Management (CFM) Protection switching Management Quality of Service (QoS)
Enhanced transmission selection (ETS) Priority-based flow control (PFC) Congestion Notification (CN) Stream Reservation Protocol (SRP) Credit based shaper Preemption and time scheduled queuing Policing Link Aggregation Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) Time synchronization Audio video bridging systems Bridge port extension Security
IEEE 802.1Q
IETF 86 Tutorial
IEEE 802.1Q
aka NesCom
aka RevCom
IEEE 802.1Q
Hibernating WG Chairs
(non voting) 802.17 Resilent Packet Ring John Lemon 802.20 MBWA Radhakrishna Canchi
Appointed Officers
1st VICE CHAIR Pat Thaler 2nd VICE CHAIR James Gilb
802.18 TAG Radio Regulatory Mike Lynch 802.22 WRAN Apurva Mody
EXECUTIVE SECY
RECORDING SECY
Jon Rosdahl
John DAmbrosia
802.19 Coexistence
Steve Shellhammer
802.21 Media indep. handover Subir Das OmniRAN EC Study Group Max Riegel
Appointed Officers
(non voting)
MEETING MGR MEMBER EMERITUS MEMBER EMERITUS
Buzz Rigsbee
Geoff Thompson
IEEE 802.1Q
802 networks
Data Center Bridging (DCB, Patricia Thaler) Enhancements to existing 802.1 bridge specifications to satisfy the requirements of protocols and applications in the data center, e.g. Security (Mick Seaman) Maintenance (Glenn Parsons)
IEEE 802.1Q
standards Amendments to these standards are identified by lower case letters e.g. 802.1ah, 802.1Qbg or 802.1AEbn Periodically the amendments get merged into a revision of the main standard, e.g. 802.1ah and 802.1Qay are now part of 802.1Q-2011 802.1Q can be considered as many individual standards (RFCs) integrated into a single document
Clauses 6 through 9 give a general overview of the 802.1Q bridge
architecture To get oriented on an additional area, its best to read the Clause titled the Principles of <area> Once oriented, references in the subclause of Clause 5 Conformance for the relevant device can be helpful
IEEE 802.1Q
10
Before We Start
Bridge forwarding is based on MAC addresses and virtual
networks, i.e. Virtual LANs (VLAN) Context determines VLANs/MACs/Tags in the standard:
Customer: C-MAC, C-VLAN, C-tag Service: S-VLAN, S-tag Backbone: B-MAC, B-VLAN, B-tag
networks
IEEE 802.1Q
11
BRIDGE ARCHITECTURE
IETF 86 Tutorial
IEEE 802.1Q
12
Basic Principles
MAC addresses are identifier addresses, not location addresses
This is a major Layer 2 value, not a defect!
frame's VLAN if it is not known where to send it Filter (unnecessary) ports if it is known where to send the frame (e.g. frame is only forwarded towards the destination)
Quality of Service (QoS) is implemented after the forwarding decision
based on
Priority Drop Eligibility Time
IEEE 802.1Q
13
MAC Bridge
Higher Layer Entities Relay Port Port
implemented as Higher Layer Entities External Agent may provide control instead of the distributed protocols
The data plane is
comprised of
A MAC Relay and At least two ports
LAN
LAN
see Figure 8-2 VLAN-aware Bridge architecture of 802.1Q for more details
IEEE 802.1Q
14
Bridge Components
Used as a description language in the specs Specify the operation in
distinct steps Different Component types for the different L2 virtual networks Ports have their own distinct type based on their role within a Component Key observation
Bridge (specification)
A X Y Port Component Port B W Z Port Component Port
A type frame
B type frame
X+Y+Z Port
Relay
W Port
not the same as the bridge component type, then Bridge (implementation) the frame is assigned a VLAN by the reception port
Invented for humans to be able to talk about it, not for making it complex
IEEE 802.1Q
15
DATA PLANE
IETF 86 Tutorial
IEEE 802.1Q
16
IEEE 802.1Q
17
MAC Bridge
Frame Ingress Port (Action Set1) in
(Table1)
Relay
(Action Set2) (Table2)
Data Plane
Frame in
Frame out
Ingress Port (Action Set1) Filtering (drop), (un)tagging, VID translation, de/en-capsulation Relay (Action Set2) Forwarding, filtering Egress Port (Action Set3) Filtering, (un)tagging, VID translation, de/en-capsulation, metering, queuing, transmission selection
IEEE 802.1Q
18
Core Bridge
Customer MAC
Backbone MAC
Customer MAC
Very rough analogy of IETF concept to 802.1 concept: P device ~ BCB; PE device ~ BEB; CE device ~ C-MAC bridge
IEEE 802.1Q
19
Payload
Ethertype
C-tag S-tag
C-VID
Ethertype
C-VID
Ethertype
(PB, Q-in-Q)
VID
Ethertype
S-VID
Ethertype
S-VID
Ethertype
SA DA 802.1Q-1998
C-SA C-DA PB
802.1ad-2005
I-tag
(PBB, MAC-in-MAC)
B-tag B-MAC
Scalability 24-bit I-SID as a single virtual network ID Forget about the 4K VLAN problem Separation MAC address space separation (C-MAC vs. B-MAC) Service layer is separated from transport layer (I-SID vs. B-VID)
B-VID
Ethertype
Overall Uniform forwarding kept: based on Destination MAC (DA) and VID L2 data plane provides powerful virtualization There may be several levels of tagging or encapsulation
IEEE 802.1Q
20
Payload
Ethertype
PBB
PB
Customer Network
C-VID
Ethertype
S-VID
Ethertype
B-VID
Ethertype
IP is a native overlay on Ethernet IP payload can be e.g. right after I-tag Host can be a Virtual Machine PBB PBB can be the core of a data center
B-SA B-DA
Payload
IP Subnet
I-SID B-VLAN
Ethertype
I-tag
B-VID
Ethertype
B-SA B-DA
IEEE 802.1Q
21
unless the External Entity maintains full control, see next section Intelligence is at the edges, Core Bridges are relatively dumb
S-VID: Service VLAN ID I-SID: Backbone Service Instance Identifier B-VID: Backbone VLAN ID BEB: Backbone Edge Bridge CB: Core Bridge
S-VID15
S-VID 15
BEB2 BEB1
S-VID15
CB
I-SID6
PBBN
B-VID2
S-VID16
I-SID
B-VID
I-SID
BEB3
BEB
S-VID I-SID B-VID many-to-one mappings
BEB4
IEEE 802.1Q
22
be configured Not required to support any spanning tree protocol as it is always at the bridged network edge
Virtual Edge Port Aggregator (VEPA)
Sends all traffic from VMs to the adjacent bridge Reflective relay in external Bridge returns any frames
VM
VEB
Bridge
destined to local VMs Makes VM to VM traffic visible to adjacent bridge Policies do not have to be distributed to the VEPA
VM VM
VEPA
connect to them.
IEEE 802.1Q
23
Bridging) to identify it with an S-Channel Each S-Channel can have a single VM, a VEB or VEPA attached
Normally, even with a single VM there will be a 2-
VM VM VM
S-component
Bridge
S-Channels
IEEE 802.1Q
24
CONTROL PLANE
IETF 86 Tutorial
IEEE 802.1Q
25
Station Location (MAC address topology) VLAN Topology Active Topology Physical Network Topology see Figure 7-1 VLAN Bridging overview of 802.1Q for more details
IEEE 802.1Q
26
BR E
BR B
BR E
BR B
BR E
BR B
BR D
BR C
BR D
BR C
BR D
BR C
RSTP
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
MSTP
Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol
SPB
Shortest Path Bridging
RSTP: a single spanning tree shared by all traffic MSTP: different VLANs may share different spanning trees SPB: each node has its own Shortest Path Tree (SPT) We are not limited to shared spanning trees any more
Note: the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is historical, it has been replaced by RSTP
IEEE 802.1Q
27
registers, on every bridge port, ones neighbors ability to transmit and/or need to receive various kinds of data:
Multiple VLAN Registration Protocol (MVRP): Frames flooded to
particular VLANs, e.g. broadcasts or unknown unicasts. Multiple MAC Registration Protocol (MMRP): Multicast MAC addresses or {VLAN, MAC} pairs. Not necessarily IP multicast. Multiple Stream Reservation Protocol (MSRP or SRP): Talkers wanting to send or Listeners wanting to receive data flows with bandwidth, latency, and congestion loss requirements.
IEEE 802.1Q
28
MAC Bridge
Higher Layer Entities Ingress Port Egress Port
External Agent, e.g. and SDN controller for TE paths External control can be a non-802.1 protocol: PCE, GMPLS
VLAN space:
spanning tree VLANs shortest path VLANs software defined VLANs
Data Plane
Relay
Control:
External Agent
Frame in
Frame out
External Agent
IEEE 802.1Q
29
The bridge architecture separates the control plane from the data
Separate topologies per VLAN Any given VLAN can be assigned to MSTP, SPB, External Agent, or any other standard- or user-defined control methodology Centralized controller having a view of the network The External Agent can be a centralized SDN Controller The bridges may run the Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) [802.1AB] for retrieval by controller The bridges can run IS-IS to distribute topology, whether any VLANs are assigned to control by SPB or not Programmability of the network Well defined objects and functionality for programming the bridges
IEEE 802.1Q
30
intra-domain routing information exchange protocol ISIS-SPB Leverages the automation features of link state, e.g. auto-discovery Preserves the MAC Service model, e.g. delivery in-order
ISIS-SPB operation
Link state data base Identical replica at each bridge Topology information Properties of the bridges Service information Computation instead of signaling or registration protocols Leverage Moores law and technology trends
ISIS-SPB specifications
IEEE 802.1aq specifies operation and backwards compatibility provisions ISIS extensions for SPB (new TLVs) also documented in IETF RFC 6329
IEEE 802.1Q
31
ISIS-SPB
IEEE 802.1Q
32
Load Spreading
Using the shortest path automatically spreads traffic load
to some extent
Further load-spreading
SPT A1
BR A
SPT A2
BR B
IEEE 802.1Q
33
DCN
I-SID6
VN1
VN 2
CB4 EB2
B-VID2
VN2
Create I-SID6
EB3
IEEE 802.1Q
34
SPB Features
Single link state control for large networks High degree of automation Scalability (scales as IS-IS) Deterministic multi-path routing for unicast and multicast Address learning confined to the network edge Fast convergence (within the range of 100 msec) All 802.1 standards supported, e.g. Connectivity Fault Management (802.1ag CFM) Edge Virtual Bridging (802.1Qbg EVB) Metro Ethernet Forum (MEF) services natively provided E-LINE, E-TREE, E-LAN
IEEE 802.1Q
35
IEEE 802.1Q
36
configuration
Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) [802.1AB]
Virtual Machine (VM) migration Virtual Station Interfaces (VSI): the network interface of a VM VSI Discovery and Configuration Protocol (VDP) is used to notify an adjacent bridge of VSIs
IEEE 802.1Q
37
medium for connecting bridges. Each wireless point-to-point connection can be made visible to IS-IS as a point-to-point link. Broadcasts to multiple stations are handled as an optimization of multicasts/broadcasts of the same frame to individual point-to-point links. Heuristics and costs cause bridges to avoid wireless links except where required for connectivity, and to prevent network flapping. An Access Point is not attached to a bridge, it is a bridge. A non-AP station can be a bridge, as well.
IEEE 802.1Q
38
IETF 86 Tutorial
IEEE 802.1Q
39
IEEE 802.1Q
40
A pair of endpoints at a given level see only the intermediate points at that level
Core Bridge
Core Bridge
Customer MAC
Backbone MAC
Customer MAC
IEEE 802.1Q
41
receive CCMs. Sets a Remote Defect Indication (RDI) bit if its missing any CCMs, so that every end point is either in the everyone is happy state or the someone is unhappy state.
(cross-connected) services. Point-to-point continuity checks cannot detect merged services. Multicast messages can detect them.
IEEE 802.1Q
42
IEEE 802.1Q
43
PROTECTION SWITCHING
IETF 86 Tutorial
IEEE 802.1Q
44
PNP
1:1 protection
PNP
PNP
Protection entity
PNP
Traffic Engineered Service Instances (TESI), where a dedicated protection point-topoint TESI is established for one particular working point-to-point TESI, and the traffic is automatically switched from the working TESI to the protection TESI when a failure occurs on the working entity. The protection switching may be triggered by manual operation or by CFM information arising from, periodic monitoring of the working and protection paths, or from physical layer monitoring, such as loss of signal or other defects detected through CFM. The PBB-TE protection switching mechanism aims to offer the capability to switch completely (both ends) in less than 50 ms. Switching is achieved by changing the Backbone Service Instance table B-VID entries on the Customer Backbone Ports associated with the TESI Maintenance End Points (MEP).
IEEE 802.1Q
45
traffic engineered services traversing a common sequence of Provider Bridges, which is called Infrastructure Segment. The 1:1 Infrastructure Protection Switching (IPS) is based on the TESI protection switching state machines In addition, M:1 IPS provided IPS may be triggered automatically by a change in the operational state of an Infrastructure Segment or manually by administrative command.
IEEE 802.1Q
46
MANAGEMENT
IETF 86 Tutorial
IEEE 802.1Q
47
802.1Q Management
Clause 12 Managed Objects (Information Model) Structured text description, evolving to structured tabular summary Clause 17 SMIv2 MIBs (Data Model)
IETF style preamble (structure, security, relationships) 10+ MIB modules per technology Traps (Notifications) only specified for CFM & PBB-TE Limited counters Based on original IETF BRIDGEMIB work
RFC 4663, Transferring MIB Work from IETF Bridge MIB
WG to IEEE 802.1 WG
Use of ifMIB
IEEE 802.1Q
48
QUALITY OF SERVICE
IETF 86 Tutorial
IEEE 802.1Q
49
classes
Strict priority and credit-based shaper traffic goes first ETS distributes remaining bandwidth
802.1Qaz) uses LLDP to share ETS and PFC configuration with link partner
An end system may use that information to adapt configuration to
IEEE 802.1Q
50
designed for flow controlled networks (e.g. Fiber Channel over Ethernet)
Priorities are individually configured with PFC Traffic in other priorities not affected
transmission for a time duration when receive buffer reaches high water mark. Sending with zero time value releases the pause.
IEEE 802.1Q
51
severity of congestion Up to 64 bytes of the beginning of the sampled frame included in CN message
IEEE 802.1Q
52
Stream Reservation
The Stream Reservation Protocol (SRP): Advertises streams in the whole network Registers the path of streams Calculates the worst case latency Specifies the forwarding rules for AVB streams Establishes an AVB domain Reserves the bandwidth for AVB streams An MRP Application Especially the bandwidth reservation is important in order to: Protect the best effort traffic, as only 75% of the bandwidth can be reserved for SR class traffic Protect the SR class traffic as it is not possible to use more bandwidth for SR class traffic than 75% (this is an important factor in order to guarantee a certain latency)
IEEE 802.1Q
53
S R
Listener Ready
stream ID stream ID stream ID accumulated latency = talker accumulated latency latency += bridge latency latency += bridge latency accumulated frame length frame length frame length interval interval interval
S S
Talker Advertise
Listener Ready
R R S R S R S R S R S
IEEE 802.1Q
54
Traffic Shaping
As audio/video streams require a high bandwidth
utilization, it was necessary to set the maximum available bandwidth for this new traffic class quite high (75%) The Credit Based Shaper (CBS) spaces out the frames as much as possible in order to reduce bursting and bunching, thus
Protects the best effort traffic as the maximum interference (AVB
stream burst) for the highest non-AVB priority is limited and known Protects the AVB streams, as it limits the back to back AVB stream bursts which can interfere in a bridge
IEEE 802.1Q
55
IEEE 802.1Q
56
applications, but is not suitable for control applications where worst case delays must be reduced to a minimum. Time-aware (scheduled) queuing combined with preemption reduces delays to near the best theoretical levels, with the minimum impact on non-scheduled traffic.
SRP or a management agent is required to provide an admission
control scheme to limit low-latency traffic to the amount that can be supported by the links in the path between a talker and corresponding listener(s)
IEEE 802.1Q
57
Policing
Every frame can be marked green or yellow using the
Drop Eligible bit available for S-tags and B-tags, or a priority code point in C-tags. Policing is done per input port, but only after it is determined that a frame can be delivered to some port. Frames that are dropped by the forwarding mechanism are not policed. Policing is two-color in (green or yellow) and three-color out (green, yellow, or red). Red are dropped. Yellow frames have a higher probability of being discarded than green frames. Policing algorithm is from Metro Ether Forum spec 10.2.
IEEE 802.1Q
58
IETF 86 Tutorial
IEEE 802.1Q
59
of the interconnect Failures do not propagate from network to network Systems can be bridges, routers, end stations, or anything else Backwards compatible with existing Link Aggregation Allows systems to negotiate which data streams take which path, so that bi-directionally congruent flows are possible, and so that extensive state synchronization (e.g., of forwarding tables) is not necessary among systems Supports any means of identifying streams: VLANs, 5-tuples, etc.
IEEE 802.1Q
60
advertising their identity, capabilities, and neighbors on an IEEE 802 local area network, principally wired Ethernet. Information Exchanged is in the form of TLVs and includes mandatory and optional information such as:
System name and description Port name and description IP management address VLAN name System capabilities (switching, routing, etc.) MAC/PHY information MDI power Link aggregation
BR A
BR C
BR B
(e.g. VDP and DCBX). LLDP MIB is a continuation of the IETF work on Physical Topology MIB [RFC 2922]
IEEE 802.1Q
61
profile that specifies timing transport over full-duplex IEEE 802.3 links
The interfaces are either a simplified, tightly controlled boundary
IETF 1588
IEEE 802.11 WiFi IEEE 802.3 Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON) Coordinated Shared Network (CSN) e.g. MoCA, ITU-T G.9960/G.
9961
IEEE 802.1Q
62
IEEE 802.1Q
63
Controlling Bridge All traffic is relayed by the Controlling Bridge Externally (including to network management, the Extended Bridge is a Bridge A Port Extender may be in an end system Port Extenders may be cascaded Multicast replication allows a frame to be replicated to selected ports by the Port Extenders
VM VM VM
Bridge
VM VM VM
IEEE 802.1Q
64
Security
Port-based Network Access Control [802.1X]
Defines encapsulation of Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) over
IEEE 802 (EAP over LAN, or EAPOL). Widely deployed on both wired and Wi-Fi networks
MAC Security (MACsec) [802.1AE]
MACsec secures a link not a conversation MACsec counters 802.1X man-in-the-middle attacks
IEEE 802.1Q
65
SUMMARY
IETF 86 Tutorial
IEEE 802.1Q
66
Summary
MAC bridging is both a long standing and an evolving technology Continuing coordination is necessary between IETF and 802.1
MAC bridging and IP technology are intertwined The organizations now have leadership meetings Can only be based on an up-to-date understanding on what is going on in
a L2 or L3 device
IEEE 802.1Q
67
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank David Allan, Christian
Boiger, Nigel Bragg, and Dan Romascanu for their review and contribution.
REFERENCES
IETF 86 Tutorial
IEEE 802.1Q
69
connectivity discovery, September 2009. http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.1AB-2009.pdf IEEE 802.1AX-2008, IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area networks: Link aggregation, November 2008. http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.1AX-2008.pdf IEEE 802.1D-2004, IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area networks: Media access control (MAC) bridges, June 2004. http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.1D-2004.pdf IEEE 802.1H-1997, IEEE technical report and guidelines - Part 5: Media access control (MAC) bridging of Ethernet V2.0 in local area networks, May 2002, http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.1H-1997.pdf IEEE 802.1Q-2011, IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area networks: Media access control (MAC) bridges and virtual bridged local area networks, August 2011. http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.1Q-2011.pdf IEEE 802.1aq-2012, IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area networks: Media access control (MAC) bridges and virtual bridged local area networks Amendment 20: Shortest path bridging, June 2012. http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.1aq-2012.pdf IEEE 802.1Qbc-2011, IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area networks: Media access control (MAC) bridges and virtual bridged local area networks Amendment 16: Provider bridging: Remote customer service interfaces, September 2011. http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.1Qbc-2011.pdf IEEE 802.1Qbe-2011, IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area networks: Media access control (MAC) bridges and virtual bridged local area networks Amendment 15: Multiple I-SID registration protocol, September 2011. http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.1Qbe-2011.pdf IEEE 802.1Qbf-2011, IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area networks: Media access control (MAC) bridges and virtual bridged local area networks Amendment 19: PBB-TE infrastructure segment protection, December 2011. http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.1Qbf-2011.pdf 802-1Q-2005/Cor-1-2008, 802.1ap-2008, 802.1Qaw-2009, 802.1Qay-2009, 802.1aj-2009, 802.1Qav-2009, 802.1Qau-2010, and 802.1Qat-2010.
IEEE 802.1Q
70
area networks: Timing and synchronization for time-sensitive applications in bridged local area networks, March 2011.
http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.1AS-2011.pdf
IEEE 802.1BA-2011, IEEE standard for local and metropolitan
networks: Virtual bridged local area networks Amendment 14: Stream reservation protocol (SRP) 802.1Qav-2009, IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area networks: Virtual bridged local area networks Amendment 12: Forwarding and queuing enhancements for time-sensitive streams
IEEE 802.1Q
71
Media access control (MAC) bridges and virtual bridged local area networks: Bridge port extension, 2012. http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.1BR-2012.pdf IEEE 802.1Qaz-2011, IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area networks: Media access control (MAC) bridges and virtual bridged local area networks Amendment 18: Enhanced transmission selection for bandwidth sharing between traffic classes, September 2001. http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.1Qaz-2011.pdf IEEE 802.1Qbb-2011, IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area networks: Media access control (MAC) bridges and virtual bridged local area networks Amendment 17: Priority-based flow control, September 2011. http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.1Qbb-2011.pdf IEEE 802.1Qbg-2012, IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area networks: Media access control (MAC) bridges and virtual bridged local area networks Amendment 21: Edge virtual bridging, 2012. http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.1Qbg-2012.pdf Note that 802.1Q-2011 incorporates 802.1Qau-2010, IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area networks: Virtual bridged local area networks Amendment 13: Congestion notification,
IEEE 802.1Q
72
networks: Media access control (MAC) security, August 2006. http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.1AE-2006.pdf IEEE 802.1AEbn-2011, IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area networks: Media access control (MAC) security amendment 1: Galois counter code - Advanced encryption standard - 256 (GCMAES-256) cipher suite, October 2011. http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.1AEbn-2011.pdf IEEE 802.1AR-2009, IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area networks: Secure device identity, December 2009. http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.1AR.-2009.pdf IEEE 802.1X-2010, IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area networks: Port-based network access control, February 2010. http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.1X-2010.pdf
IEEE 802.1Q
73
IEEE 802.1Q
74
Further Reading
Book D. Allan and N. Bragg, 802.1aq shortest path bridging design and evolution: The architect's perspective, John Wiley & Sons, January 2012. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/book/10.1002/9781118164327 Papers M. D. Johas Teener, P. Klein, A. N. Fredette, C. Gunther, D. Olsen, C. Boiger, and K. Stanton, Heterogeneous networks for audio and video Using IEEE 802.1 audio video bridging, Proceedings of the IEEE Special issue on smart home, May 2013. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=5, http://ieee802.org/1/files/public/docs2013/avb-mjt-et-all-AVB-for-IEEE-Smart-Home-0213.pdf D. Allan, J. Farkas, and S. Mansfield, Intelligent load balancing for shortest path bridging, IEEE Communications Magazine, July 2012. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6231293 D. Allan, P. Ashwood-Smith, N. Bragg, J. Farkas, D. Fedyk, M. Ouellete, M. Seaman, and P. Unbehagen, Shortest path bridging: Efficient control of larger Ethernet networks, IEEE Communications Magazine, October 2010. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=5594687 D. Allan, P. Ashwood-Smith, N. Bragg, and D. Fedyk, Provider link state bridging, IEEE Communications Magazine, September 2008. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=4623715 M. Alizadeh, A. Kabbani, B. Atikoglu, and B. Prabhakar, "Stability Analysis of QCN: The Averaging Principle," Proceedings of the ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Systems Performance, SIGMETRICS 2011, 2011. http://www.stanford.edu/~balaji/papers/11stabilityanalysis.pdf M. Alizadeh, B. Atikoglu, A. Kabbani, A. Laksmikantha, R. Pan, B. Prabhakar, and M. Seaman, Data center transport mechanisms: congestion control theory and IEEE standardization, Proceedings of the 46th Annual Allerton Conference on Communications, Control and Computing, September 2008. http://www.stanford.edu/~balaji/papers/QCN.pdf Tutorial Deterministic Ethernet IEEE 802.1 standards for real-time process control, industrial automation, and vehicular networks, http://www.ieee802.org/802_tutorials/2012-11/8021-tutorial-final-v4.pdf Wikipedia Time-Sensitive Networking: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_Video_Bridging Shortest Path Bridging: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.1aq
ABBREVIATIONS
IETF 86 Tutorial
IEEE 802.1Q
ACM AVB AP BCB BEB B-MAC BMCA B-VID B-VLAN CCM CBS CM CS C-MAC C-TAG C-VID C-VLAN CFM DA DCB DCBX DCN DRNI EB ECMP E-LINE E-LAN Association for Computing Machinery Audio Video Bridging Access Point Backbone Core Bridge Backbone Edge Bridge Backbone MAC Best Master Clock Algorithm Backbone VLAN ID Backbone VLAN Continuity Check Message Credit Based Shaper Clock Master Clock Slave Customer MAC Customer TAG Customer VLAN ID Customer VLAN Connectivity Fault Management Destination Address Data Center Bridging Data Center Bridging eXchange Data Center Network Distributed Resilient Network Interconnect Edge Bridge Equal Cost Multiple Paths Ethernet Line (point-to-point) service Ethernet LAN (multipoint) service E-TREE EVB FDDI GM IEC IEEE IETF IPS IP I-SID IS-IS ISIS-SPB ISO I-tag ITU ITU-T IWK LAN MAC LBM LBR LLDP LTM LTR MAC-in-MAC MAN MEF Ethernet Tree (rooted multipoint) service Edge Virtual Bridging Fiber Distributed Data Interface Grand Master International Electrotechnical Commission Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers Internet Engineering Task Force Infrastructure Protection Switching Internet Protocol Backbone Service Instance Identifier Intermediate System to Intermediate System IS-IS for SPBV and SPBM International Organization for Standardization Backbone Service Instance TAG International Telecommunication Union ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector Interworking Local Area Network Media Access Control Loopback Message Loopback Reply Link Layer Discovery Protocol Linktrace Message Linktrace Reply used for PBB Metro Area Network Metro Ethernet Forum
76
IEEE 802.1Q
MEP MIB MIP MoCA MKA MMRP MRP MSRP MSTP MVRP OAM PAR PB PBB PBB-TE PCR PE PFC PTP Q-in-Q QCN QoS SDH S-VID S-VLAN Maintenance association End Point Management Information Base Maintenance domain Intermediate Point Multimedia over Coax Alliance MAC Security Key Agreement Protocol Multiple MAC registration Protocol Multiple Registration Protocol Multiple Stream registration Protocol Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol Multiple VLAN Registration Protocol Operations, Administration and Maintenance Project Authorization Request Provider Bridge Provider Backbone Bridge Provider Backbone Bridging - Traffic Engineering Path Control and Reservation Provider Edge Priority Flow Control Precision Time Protocol used for PB Quantized Congestion Notification Quality of Service Synchronous Digital Hierarchy Service VLAN ID Service VLAN SPB SPBM RDI RFC RSTP SDN SONET SPBV SPT SR SRP S-tag S-VLAN STP TESI TSN TTL TLV VDP VID VLAN VM VN VoIP VSI Shortest Path Bridging Shortest Path Bridging MAC Remote Defect Indication Request For Comments Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Software Defined Network Synchronous Optical Networking Shortest Path Bridging VID Shortest Path Tree Stream Reservation Stream Reservation Protocol Service TAG Service VLAN Spanning Tree Protocol Traffic Engineering Service Instance Time-Sensitive Networking Time to Live Type, Length, Value VSI Discovery and Configuration Protocol VLAN Identifier Virtual LAN Virtual Machine Virtual Network Voice over IP Virtual Service Instance
77