THE CALCUTTA MANUSCRIPT OF THE RATNAGUN. ASA .MCAYAG.

4THA

by
EDWARD CONZE London

For the establishment of the text of the Ratnagu.nasa.mcayagdtha(---- Rgs) we have at our disposal the following sources: (I) The Manuscript no. 10 736 in the Asiatic Society of Bengal (----- C), described by H. P. Sh~stri in his Catalogue, I (1917), pp. 26-7. It was written in A.D. 1174. (2) The Xylograph ( = X) on which Obermiller's (1937) (----- O) text is based, and of which there is a copy also in the LSOAS (no. 82 825). (3) Several 19th century Nepalese manuscripts, e.g. the Ms. Cambridge Add. 1596. These are extremely incorrect. Occasionally they may preserve the true reading, but most of their variations are due to the ignorance of scribes who did not know how to cope with this particular dialect. In addition we have (4) the Tibetan translations ( = T) of ca 800, and (5) the Chinese translation of A.D. 980 (Taish6 229). The divergent readings of manuscript C have been distributed under five headings: I. Clear and unmistakable corrections of O's text, which restore the sense of meaningless passages, and which are usually confirmed by T. These have been printed in the re-issue of Rgs in Indo-Iranian Reprints (The Hague, 1960). II. O and C represent different recensions. III. Smaller alterations, which usually affect single vowels or consonants, or which cannot with full certainty be booked under I or II. IV. Changes in the treatment of Visarga and Anusv~ra. V. Probable mistakes in Ms C. II-V have been reserved for the present article. A few particularities of Ms. C must first be mentioned. The text is here said to be chapter 84, Sam.cayagdthdparivarto, of the Satasdhasrikd. In the Kanjur it appears as the 84th chapter of the Astddagasdhasrikd, and since the Satasdhasrikd has only 72 chapters, I assume that the scribe

38

EDWARD CONZE

has made a mistake. The first folio of the Ms gives R~hulabhadra's well-known prajhdpdramitdstotra, and on folios 2 to 29, line 2 we find the text of Rgs, followed by the title of the work, ye dharmd hetuprabhavd, etc., and a colophon, printed in Sh~stri's Catalogue. The colophons at the ends of the chapters differ from those of X by some additions. They always give the number of the gdthd, and the first 10 chapters are correlated with the 10 bhftmis, pramudita, etc., and the 10 pdramitds. As regards the treatment of Prakritisms, no clear picture emerges from a comparison of C and X. X has preserved some Prakritic forms which C has sanskritized, e.g. atha (for yatha), athito, ndrhammi, apadi.syanti, arahanti, khipitva, durabhik.si, and bhiyG but on the other hand C has at XV 4, d~pa for X's dvfpa, at XIX 5a, daka for udaka, at XXXI 6d, vuccati for ucyati, and it has preserved many nouns in -u and verbs in -yi which X changed into -a and -ti. Perhaps the discretion of individual scribes has something to do with the retention or rejection of non-Sanskritic forms. The script of Ms C is fairly similar to that of the Nepalese Ms of 1179 in Buehler's Table VI, Column XI. The manuscript is generally well written, but some letters are not always easy to distinguish, and this fact may not only vitiate some of my own readings, but accounts probably also for many of the errors of X, which seems to derive from a Ms in pretty much the same script as C. At II l l d and III lc the P looks like anM, andsodoes SatIISdandXla, andVatV3a. VandSare occasionally nearly indistinguishable (e.g. at IX 2a), and likewise T and N (at X la Jinasya looks like Jitamya). The character for RS is somewhat puzzling (e.g. at IV 5d, VIII 2c, XII 7-9). P and Y, as well as V and Dh, and T and BH, are sometimes hard to tell apart, JY may well be DY, and the treatment of E, I and i is full of pitfalls. S, .S and S are sometimes confused (e.g. at XXIV 6d). It must also be remembered that I could not work on the original manuscript, but had only a microfilm at my disposal. The resulting photographic print is sometimes difficult to decipher, and some passages are nearly illegible, especially I 23b-c, 24b-c, 25b-c, 26b-c, 27b, 28a-b, XXVIII 3b, 4b, 5a-b, 6a-b, 7a-b. In the course of the five or so centuries which separate X from C, many superscribed R-s and .M-s, and subscribed U-s have been dropped, and a great deal of confusion between A, O and I, and between T and N, has taken place. Generally speaking, C is therefore more accurate. One must, however, constantly bear in mind that the text had travelled a long way even by A.D. 1174. For instance, at XX 4, C has upapadyati and T bskyed eih. But X has upabandhati and that is, I think, the older reading, in view of the fact that the parallel passage in A.stasdhasrikd ( = A)

THE Ratnagun. asam. cayagdthd

39

XX p. 373 uses the rare term paribadhndti. In determining the correct text we must take account not only of the palaeographical probabilities and the linguistic and metrical facts, but also of the argumentation of A, which the bulk of the Rgs aims at reproducing. A close examination of all the details of this text will have to be carried out by future scholars, and I am content to place at their disposal the valuable indications of Ms C. As far as I can see, thanks to C all verses except two are now perfectly intelligible. XX 13 and XXVII 5 alone still give no clear meaning, and will require mending by conjecture. In the following lists, the first column gives the reading of O, the second that of C. Note that * before a word means that it seems to offer the better reading; * after a word, that the reading of Ms C has been put into the Dictionary published in IIR, V. In some cases an item booked under III may quite well belong to II or V, and I have marked this possibility in brackets after the word in question. II. DIFFERENT RECENSIONS I 18a. mahdnubhdvo: mah@rabhdvo 19c. O: yatha te ca mdya tatha jdnati sarvasattvdn: CT: yatha te hatdgu(?) tatha prajdnati bodhisattvo 25b. OT: kari.sydmi: C: cari.sydmi II 5a. yo dharma bhd.syati yo drn.oti (so T) bhd.syamdn, dm.. C: mdydya dharmatayd yo ?ti bhd.syamdn, d(m. ?) lld. pdramitehu. T: ston-pa'i bka'-la III la. 0: sa nityam. . C: ca nityam. . T: satk.rtya 3a. puna ndntaka-k.setra-kot.yo:punar ananta-sahasra-kot.yo 5c. ye' ffta ye'pi ca: ye" fftdndgata 8d. samdgamanti: samdcaranti IV 5b. tatha vfrya tathaiva dhydne: viriye tatha dhydyamdne 7d. 0 : ekanayam arcchati: C: ekanaya gacchati: T: ro gcig "gyur V 4b. gamaydnti: jdnanti 9a. kvaei-: krimi9c. O: para.saryaman..dala-vinis.rta: C: yada sftryamat.z.dalupramuktita VI 7a. O: na ca mdnaydti. T: na ca ndmaydti*. C: na manyamaydti VII 4b. 0: roga. TC: du.hkha 5a. 0: vara. TC: iha VIII 3a. OT: ndmeva. C: kdmeva

4O

EDWARD CONZE

X 7C. samdgamdnti: samdnayanti XI 10b. OT: ratanam." C: dharmaratana.m XII 5b. OT: ramyavanddritdndm.. C: ramyagiri.hdritdnd.m 9b. nabhadar~ana.m: khanidardana.m XV 5a. OT: mahdyadu: C: *mahddaya XVI ld. OT: bhavate C: labhate XVII lb. -sdgard.nd.m: sa~caydnd(m.) 4a. sauca: cauk.sa XVIII 2a. O: eva(T: evam.)dharm~n. C: sarvadharmdn 3b. vivartayeyd: vitarkayeyd 4b. O: vimalam, tatha. TC: rahapratyaya 4c. OT: -pdramitdprayukto. C: -pdramitdbhiyukto 4d. OT: ddna-d~le. C: bhoti ddnam. XIX 4d. -vigatd: -rahitd 8a. OT: kdntdramdrgi. C: kdntdraydniya XX 4b. O: upabandhati. CT: upapadyati llc. OT: gati.m. C: sthiti 12d. bhajyatf; sajjate; skyo-ba 14d. padyati dharmacdr~: padyata yati ca dharmdn, chos kyah mthoh 20a. OT: nirmito. C: nirv.rto 20a. naiva (X: nova): mdyd ca XXI 5b. sp.rhatdm, janayanti: sp.rhatdh na janti* XXII 3d. dloka ddstri imi pdramitopadi.st.6.h: lokaddstru(?) iya pdramita Jindndm. 5b. saktamanasas sada: khinnamanasam yada 6b. pi pdtyate: vi.supadyate XXIII la. O: vigatddrumaricimdld: C: vigatdtra mar~cijdlo: T: sprin dan bral-ba' i ' od-zer dra-ba can XXIV 2c. O: khagapak.si ca tulyabhfttd: CT: vacanam, khagapak.si tulyam. (T: read: hag) 3a. O: gada. T: gah-tshe. C: vidu 4d. -sapak.so: -avarme XXVI 2c. sattvarthi. T: *de phyir 3c. ddayena. T: *so dvayena 5b. O: te di.sya md.m janata so cakaronti kdrya.m. C: to.si.syirod.m* janata so cakaroti kdryam.. T: skye-bo "di mgu-bya sgam mi seres de-yah byed (which also adds: skye-bo'i dbus na, in 5a) 6e. dtmopapatti: ndvopapatti

THE Ratnagun. asam. cayag~ttha

XXVII 3d. O: sattva karun,a-: X: -karu.na: 5b. 5c. 5d.
6C.

41

XXVIII 4a. XXIX 10c. 12b. XXX 2b.

6d. 7d. 14b. XXXI 3c. 6c. 9a. XXXII 2b.

C: satvakara.no: T: *tathdkar[ ca yathdnasthita so laghu: *asthdnasthitu so (yuga? but not: meghu) ca apulam.: va anilam. khagu kdluhfna druma mantra*-: kho sra *phulla druma yatra dharmatdydm.. T: dharmakdmam. 0 : -sama-. C: -raha,. T: -sutaOT: nandabodhisattvo. C: na tu bodhicitte athavd sa ta.ddti tdvd: abhihatdpy atha td.ditd yd. T: spyo-ba byas sam 'on te rtag-tu brdeg kya~ ruit cirasam.jgabodhisamuddnaya tena du.hkhe: cirasam.jKi samuddnayate duh.khena. T: gal-te rib-bar 'du-des (sdug-bshal, ore. O) byah-chub sgrub nairdtmyabhdvanavidari nabham, ca: sarvaj~atdya bhavi df~ru nabho va OT: agrabodhim. . C: prdpun, dti karn. acaran, dkarandsacchedd.h: hantacara.nd tatha karn. .nandsd -gu.nahdni hitam.kard.ndm.: -parihdni (so T) tatam, kardndm. OT: parivarjita*. C: paravarfita O: ni.sprapaKco. TC: duddhasattvo* k.sa.ndm, labhate sa nitya.m: sa varjayi sarvakdla.m
1II. SMALLER ALTERATIONS

la. 2b. 4d. 7a.

7c. 9a. lOd. 1lb. 12b. 12c. 13b. 16d. 17c.

para: vara pu.spau.sadha: pu.spau.sadhi anubhdva: anubhdvu abhuff." abh~tff dharma: dharmdn sa .mj~d: sam.ffiino ddnti-: ddntapuramakehi: puremakehi labhat# labhate prajdnayitvd." prajdniyitvd td: tam. tasmdd dhi." ta( ?)smdhu mahati: mahate

42 20a. 22b. 24a. 26a. 27e. 27d. II 2d, 3a. 4a. 4d. 5b. 5b. 5c. 6a. 2b. 7d. 8b. 8d. 9c. 9d. llb. llc. llc. lld. 12a. 12b. 13b. 13d. III 4e. 6b. 6d. 7a. 7b. 8c. IV 2c. 3b. 3c. 5a. 5c.

EDWARD CONZE

sam.jha: sam.jhi nirvd.na: nirvdn,u bodhisattvd: bodhisattvo atha: yatha na tu yo paren, a: va ju( ?) yo pare.na: T: de-las ( = tatu?) gshal reed thob ekdrtha: *etdrthu 3b, 3e: athito: asthito "sthitaku: asthitu ~rdvaka: ~r~vakd drap~ra-: draparaprdpta: pr6pti nidr.stu: nirdi.st,u* nirvdn, ato: nirv~n,uyo na trasanti tasmi: iha ndtrisanti n~rhamm# ndrhatva ya: ya ta ~ik.satf: ~ik.satu niry~yaff ya: niry~ti yo ya ast# cdsti tasya: tdsya sam.jfia: sa .mjhd atra: etu anuprgtptavanti: anuprdpun, dti pdramitehu: p~ramitehi kalpd: kalpdn ndyako' ya.rn: ndyako'pi ~s~: ds~n adhvanasmin: adhvakasmin vilepanehi: vilepaneh~ ~pa~i.syanti: sp.rgi.syanti sarve ca: sarva.m ni: T: (bde-ba) de kun prakfrn, a: prakfrn, u.h labdhu: labdha iya: ima 2d. -nigrita-: -ni~rituyasmi: yasmin sp.rhanti: sp.rhdnti bhavatu: bhavati parigrdhikd: parigrahikdn

THE Ratnagu.nasam. cayagdth~

43

6a. kot.~: kot.yo 7a. imi: ima 7b. -ndmatayd: -ndmitayd 7c. parin, dmayamd.na: parittdmayamdna V ld. pa.n.dita: pan.ditu 2a. api: na ca 2a. cdpi: ndpi 3b. tdvanti sattva: sattvdni sarvi 3b. arahanti: arhanti 3d. parasattvi: parasattva 4c. yd." yam. 5b, 5d, 7b, 8b. kuta: kutu 5d. prddurbhdva.h: prddurbhdvd 6d. OC: sarva-: T: sattva8c. gu.ndnu v.rddhi.h: gu.ndna v.rddhir 8c. co: vo 8d. samdna: same 9a. jotika: dyotaka 9d. kaldpi: *ha kaldpi," cf. III 4d., XVIII 4d., XXII 9d., XXX 9d. 9d. sarva dbh~.h: sarvi dbhd VI lc. anumodana: anumodati 2a. purimddhvatftd: parimddhvatftd.h 2d. samk.sayaya: samk.sayaye 3a. cittapddo: cittutpddo; cf. XXXI 5d. 3d. sahayukta-: sahiyukta4a. -tanaydna ca: tanayasya ya 4d. bodhi: bodhau( ?) 5c. citta: cittu 5c. -yukto: -~akto 6a. jdnati: jdnatf 6a. nirudhyati: virudhyimi 6b. taccaita k.s?.na-: tathaiva k.sLnu6b. pari.ndmayi.syanti: pari.ndmayi.sydmi 7d. upalambha: upalambhu 8c. yaj-jdtiyo yam. prabhavo yad-alak.sa.nam, ca: yaj-jdtiya.m yat-prabhavd~ ca yal-lak.san, d~ ca 9b. na ca so hi." api so na 9d. abhibhonti sarvi: abhibhoti sarva VII 2c. parini.st.hita: parini.st.hitu 3b. a.numdtru: a.numdtra

44 3b. 3b. 3d. 4a. 4b. 5b. 5b. 5c. 5c. 5d. 5d. 6a. 6c. 6d. 7a. 7b. 7c. 7c. 7d. VIII lc. 2c. 3a. 3c. 3c. 4b. 4d. IX lb. lb.
lc.

EDWARD CONZE

2a. 2a. X lb. lc. ld.

2c.

2d. 3a. 3b. 3d. 4b.

labhati: labhate vibhdvamdna.h: vibhdvamdta.h yada: *tada O: na ca: TC: *sa ci moci.sya: moci.syi paricdrikdya na ca: praricdrikdya nasa pan..ditehi: pa.n.diteva saha: sahi gdstr-: gdstraso: sau laghft anubudhi.syati: laghu-m-anubudhyi.syati satk.rtya: satk.rtva so' lpabuddhi.h: alpabuddhi.h khipitva: k.sipitva O: eva: TC: *eta icchathd: icchatd so: sd na ratnadvipam. : *ratnadvipam. pundgameyd: punar dgameyd phala~uddhita: phalaviguddhita dardaydnti: dargayanti yagatf: jagaff* bhrdntu: bhrdnti -eva: -evd vij~dna sarn.jha api vedana: v~gdni sam.jhi api vedani carate: caraff sahgdtra: *saftgdtu asaktah: agakto sf~ryo'vi.nhugraha-: sftryeva rdhugraha-* -dharmdn: -dharmd.h guddha: guddhi caramdn, a: cararndn,u yo na khalu yujyati: yo khalu na yujyate yo eva yujyati: na ca dharmi yujyati; T: phuft-por mi brtson dharmi: dharma gik.samdn, a.h: ~ik.samdn. o ( = IV) -mdrgi: -mdrga pa~yayeyo.h: pagyayeyd nagardn, i: nagardn, a g.rn.utdya: grun.andya

THE Ratnagun. asa.mcayagatha 4G~ bhavati: bhavatu 4d. n4rhanta: ndrhatva 5a. sdgarajalavraji: sdgarajasam, vraji 5c. bhontf: bhoff 6d. sp.rdi.syati: *sp.rd~syi 8c. drun. amdnu: drun.amdna 8d. cchanda: cchandag ca 9a. caramd.na: caramd.nu 9d. imu padyayi: ima padyati 10a. na iha: iha na 10b. kalpati: kalpayi XI lc. bha.ndti: vibha.ndni 2c. parihdyi.syanti: parihdy(syanff 3a. kdhk.sd ca: kd~k.sdyi 3a. bhavi.syanti: bhavi.syati 3d. k.sipi.syati: k.sepe.syati 4a. eva.m ca: eva.m tu 4b. pari-e.sayi.syanti: pariye.sayisyanti 4d. sfttrdnta: satrdnya: T: mdo 5d. arhantabh~mita: arhantabhftmiya 6d. ima: imu 7a. tasmi: tasm~ 7a. dre.st.ha~: ~re.st.ha.m 7b. utpddayi.syanti: upddayi.syanti 7c. -bhd.naka: -bhdn.aku 7d. sadurmandd: sudurmandd* 8b. ca neka: ca aneka 8c. samdkulik.rta: samdkulak.rta 9a. anarghaprdptd: anarghdprdptd.h 9b. durldbha: durldbhu 10a. -prasthita sa: -prasthitu ta 10a. -buddhi: -buddh7 XII la.-b, gildnikdye-ste: gildnikdrya*-te lb. prayujyayeyu: ayujuyeyu.h ld. ima: imu ld. mdtra: mdtu* 2a. dadadidi: dadaddidi 2d. -caritdna: -caritdni 3a. tathatdrhatdnd.m: tathatdrhdn, dm. 4a. OT: vidu vd parinirv.rtd vd: C: vidund.m parinirv.rtdnd.m

45

46 4b. 4c. 4d. 4d. 5c. 5d. 6c. 7a.

EDWARD CONZE

-niydma: -niydmata* anubuddhayanti: anubuddhayanff k.rta: k.rtu OC: Tathdgatebhi.h: T: *Tathdgateti tri-' apdya: tri-' ap~yi na pi: na ca ni~rya: ni~ritya nigrita yathaiva hi sftryaragmi: nigrya yatha sftryamaha (gra?)ra(dmim) 7b. rod: s~?: 'di 7c. -ni~rita: -nidritu 8b. sam.jhdyadar~anu: samjhd adar~anu 9b. vim.r.syatha: vim.r.syata 9c. nidi.st.a: nirdi.st.a* XIII lb. upek.sya: upek.syi lb. O: sarvdnamdtya*. X: sarvdmamdtya. C: sarvam, mamdtya 2d. sarvdg: *sarvdm. g 2d, OC: buddhadharme: T: sahs-rgyas sa-yi XIV la, yasydsti: yasyasti 2a, praluptikdye: praluptiydye 3a. graddhasam, gato: iraddhayagato 3b. praj~dya: *ya prajhdya 3b. mdtra: mdtu* 3c. -sdgara: -sdgari 3c. sam.saranti: sam. nanti ( = V?) 4d. paramddbhutdm. : paramddbhuta 5c. vahamdnu: vahamdtra 5d. upaiti: upeti 5d. geham. : roha.m (=- V?) 6b. prdpun, dti: prdpun, dti 7b. upaiti: praydti 7c. ndvd: ndyi 7d. samagram: samagri(m) 8d. spr~dti: sp.r~yati 9a. fir.na: fir.nu 9c. -dak.si.na-: -dak.si.nu9e. puru.se g.rhite: puru.sai g.rMtvau( ?) XV la. yo ... bodhisattvo: ye (also X) ... bodhisattv(~ 1c..samprayukto: -samprayuktai.h 3d. degayitavyam. : degatavya (-~ V?)

THE Ratnagu.nasa.mcayagdthd 4a. 4b. 4c. 5d. 6a. 7b. 7b. 7c. 8a. 8b. XVI la. lb. lc. 2b. 2d. 2d. 3a. 3a. 4a. 4b. 4c. 5c. 5d. 6a. 6d.

47

caranta: carantu garan,d ca lend: garan,d~g ca lend.h dvipa: dipa avivartikd: avivartiyd* ni.sprapagcd: ni.sprapa~cagat., kenacid: kenaei prdpu.nant# prdpun, dti etdrthu: etdrtha dlayarato O: dlayratd CX 0 : sthito grahe. X: sthita agrahe. C: sthitayu grahe dak.sin,dydm. : daksin, dye anantapdrd: anantapdro uparddhardya: ftrddh(v)dnvaroya tathatdrhatdndm. : tathatdrhd.ndn sarve.su: sarve.sa dharmatathatd ha: dharmatathatdnam. ( = V?) imi: i.su (= imu?) prdpu.netum. : prdpan, etum -gatam. mahatdtmabhdvo: -gatd maha-dtmabhdvo avalobhaya: avaldbhuyu* bhavanddi.su Jambudvipe: bhavanddigra Jam. budvipam savya: sevya* -vikald: *-vikalo iha icchati: ihaicchati -gird ya pardkrameya: -girdm. ya.h saddlayeyd ( = sadd vadeyd?, smra-bar bya) XVII lc. avivartiyo: avivartiyd ld. tdnd (X: td.m) vydkuru.sva: ta vydt.nkuru 2a. giruyuktd-: girayukta* 2b. -brahma.na: -brdhman. a 3c. -cam.kramam. : -eam.kramd 3c. susatprajdnd: susam, prajdnd.h* 4b. vr.sabhd: v.r.sabhi (so X) 5c. gave.sayant# gave.samdn, d 6a. puru.saistriya: puru.sestriya 7d. imi: -jdna imi XVIII l d. -gddhd: -gddho 2d. sva-: sa5c. jagartha: jagdrtha 5d. triloka-: triloki-

48 7d. 8a. 8c. XIX la. lb. lc. 2b. 2d. 3a. 3a. 3b. 3c. 4b. 5a. 5b. 5d. 6a. 6d. 6d. 7d. 8a. 8a. 8b. 8c. 8c. XX lb.

EDWARD CONZE

lb.
2b. 3a. 3b. 3b. 3b. 3c. 3d. 4a. 4b. 4c. 4e. 4d. 4d.

na ca: na imi: imu bodhisattve: bodhisattvo *prathame: prathamam. vindya: vindsa -nipdta: -nipdti bhonti: bhoti tasya: *tasya puna stamba: tamba sam~gamanti: samdgamanti va: vd prathamam. : prathame asti: dsti udaka: daka anupf~rve: anupftrva.m anup~rve: anupftrva dharmd: dharmdn ubhaydnti: ubhaydnta am.ave: am.ave caratf: carate durabhik.si: durbhik.sa O: lokam: CX: loka.m uttari: ottari apardnta-: aparantaprajdnumdna: prajdnamdnd imi: iti -~fmydn: -ganya .m dudhar.su: durdhar.su* parig.rhya saputraddrdm. : grahiyo so svajaputraddrdn kdntdra-: kdntdripratipadya: pratipadyi -dmatro: -amitre* puru.sd: *puru.sdn upagameyyd: updgameyd yasmi: *tasmi, de tshe -dhdto: -dhdtau mdra: mdri bhftmim. : bhftmi asmim. : agre*: T: mchog-la sthituno: sthitino

THE

Ratnagun. asa .mcayagdtha

49

5a. -nidritu: -nidrayi 5a. samira~a: samdruta 5b. iha: ima 5b. jagac ca: jagad ca 5c. eva: *eva.m 7b. caratfti rod.m: caraff imd.m 8a. O: gacchata; X: gacchate; C: gacchati 9c. purimasya: parimasya 1 la. bhik.sur: bhik.sft 1 lb. kurvati: kurvanti 1 lb. prdtihdryam.: prdtihdrydm.; so X llc. cakramam. : cam. krama.m* 1 ld. nivartate: *ha nivartate 13a. puru.s& puru.so 13a. kecid: keci 13b. ubhipd.ni: dupd.ni 13b. g.rhn.a: g.rhya 13b. upak.sayeyyd: upasthiyeyd? (upak.sipeya?) 13c. avas.rjya: ?tha s.rjya 14d. nd." na ca 15c. fivati." fivayi 15d. sa: sva 17b. kdmdrtha: kd(r)ydrthu 17d. na ca geha mdrgi: sa ci(?) gehi mdrga 18c. sthihate: sthihaff 19a. maitri: maitri 19b. carate: caranti 19b. samddhi.m: samddh~.m 19c. prdpa.neyd." prdpu.neyd 19d. dakya.h: dakyd.h 20a. -kdyd." -kdyo 20d. va punas: vd puna 21a. yadi p.rcchamdna: abhip.rcchimd 21d. sftcatf na ca sa: sftcaydti n a s a 22a. -bhftmau: -bhftmim. 22b. traidh6tuka.m: traidh6tuke 22d. dvivartiyebhi: avivartiyo' ti 23a. sattva: *sattvd.m 23b. tak.sa.na: tatksan, u* 23c. -skandham: -skandho

50

EDWARD CONZE

23d., 24d. avivartiyeti: *avivartiyo' ti XXI 2b. iyan: idan, as A 2c. anusaptam: ayusaptam 3a. bhe.syati: bhavi.syati 3b. p~rve'pi: p~rvam, pi 3b. gun.ova r~pd: *gun.evar~pd.h ( = evam. rf~pd gun.dO) 3d., 4d. j~dtavya: j~dtavyu 3d. paryutthita: paryutthitu 6b. vyd.ddvakfr.na: vyd.ddbhik~r.nu 6c. nd c~: no co 7a. so ca: so ce 7a. jagdrtham: jagdrtha 8a. athavd: athav6py 8b. niyato' grabodhim. : niyatdgrabodhau 8c. -arthya-: -arthaXXII l a . mdnu:mdna le. va: ya 2b. im# ima 2b. nidi.st,d.h: ca nirdi.st6* 2c. -bh~tm~: -bhfimi 2d. duvikdran, ena: durvikdran, ena* 4b. -lak.san.dya: -lak.san. dn 4c. O: dharm6n; X: dharm~m.; C: dharmd 5d. bdle: bdlai.h 6d. ahasam,j~i: ahasam,jhdya 7c. hi: hy 7c. ka~c# ka~cit 7d. bodhisattve: bodhisattvo 8a. ydvanta: y6vanti 8a. nikhile iha: nikhilenaha 8b. sarvi: sarva 8b. -citta: -cittu 8d. jandrtha: jagdrtha 8d. bodhau: bodhi.m 9c. -pun.ya: -pu.nyu 9d. OT: sada: C: sa ( = V?) 10c. bhonti: bhoti 10d. satatam, amoghu: satatamogha 1la. -manujan tri-apdyi: -manujdm. s triyapdyi
1 lc. -dhdtau: -dhdto.h

THE Ratnagun.asam. cayag6tha

51

12a. agru: agra 12d. naditva: nd~itva 12d. satatam. : tu sadd 13c. prabhinnasattvo: prabhinnasarve 13d. tvarito: tvarite* 13d. abhyupaiti: abhyupeti XXIII la. sftrya: gftra lc. k.rmi jdtika: krimi jyotika* lc. avibhonti: abhibhoti* 3a. atha: *yatha 3b. abhigdbhiniya.h: abhigdmin~yo* 3c. sa hi e.sa: ayu eva 4c. ete hi: etarhi 4d. -rdjo: -rdjyo; so X XXIV lb. ~okdtu: gokdrtu* lb. anantamano' Ipasthdmd: mandmada alpasth6mo 2a. yatha: *yada 2a. dJayu-: d~aya2b. prajgd-: prajha2d. so: te.su ( = II) 2d. labhi.syati: lapsyati ( = II) 2d. k.r.s.nabandu: k.r.s.nabandhu* 3a. -vivddupagato: vivddd upagatd 3a. bodhisattvo: bodhisattvd 3c. parama.rn udagro: parama-(mu?)gro ( = V?) 5a. vydk.rtasmin: w6k.rtasya 5b. viv6du: viv~da 5d. tdvanta: tdvanti 5d. sannahitatawa bhonti: sannahitawuyeta 6a. matiti a~obhandti: smrt~mi agobhandni* 6c. sam. var~n,i: sa.mvar~ti 6d. Read: vdsa XXV lb. ndpi ca: na cdpi lc. ubhayo: ubhaye 2b. du~lye: dug~lyo 2c. arddhite.su: drddhite.sa* 2c. -dharmam. : -dharmdn 3a. dik.santu: dik.sdnta 3a. -prabhdhkardndm. : prabhahkt~rdn, dn 3d. na sthihate purato'ndhakdram. : na purato sthihate'ndhakdro

52 4b. 4d. 5a. 5b. 5b. 5e. 5d. 5d. 6a. 6b. 6c. 6d. XXVI lb. ld. 2a. 2c. 2d. 4b. 4d. 5a. 6a. 6a. 6b. 6c. 7b. 7d. 8b. XXVII la. lb. ld. 2b. 2c. 3b. 3b. 3d. 4b. 4c. 5c. 7a. 7c.

EDWARD CONZE

sarves.a: sarve ca antargatds tatha mi: antargata tathirni anyai.h: anye bhontfti ruddha: bhontf niruddha* ydvad: ydva ydvad -carite: -carito sarve ta: sarveti uktd tra: ukta ta tatha: atha sarve.sa bhonti ... bodhisattvd.h: sarvesu bhoti ... bodhisattv9 sthihatd: sthihatf ilk.sara etam: dik.sati-m-etam anumodatu: anumodaya numodandye: anumodandye ydvanta: ydvanti sattvarthi: sattvdrtha yagat~: jagatf* prdptd: prdpto sad.rga: sad.rgo bhonti: bhoti -carite: -carito bhonti: bhotf parimocayitvd: parimocayi.sye (----- II?) -vividhakriyasam. prayogam. : -vividhdm. kriyasamprayogdm. karama.nu: karamdn, a -maya-: -mayuk6roti: kurvate carantu: caranta -ahcal?-: -ahjal~-* kurvayanti: kurvayanti sattvd ta: sattvdsti roma: romi dudharsu: durdhar.su* asaprakamyo: asamprakampyo* karun.~-Sugatddhi.st.h~na.h: karun, o Sugatddhi.st.hdno ima: imu abhiyucyati: abhiyujyati* -dbhiprdya: -abhiprdyo ydvanta: ydvanti arhavimok.sa: arhavimok.sa

TnE

Ratnagun. asam. cayagdthd

53

7d. vihdru: vihdra 8a. patdt# patdti 8b. matsya: matsyu 9b. sp.rgeya: sp.r~eyu 9d. -kard.ndm. : -kar~n. dm. ( = II?) XXVIII la., 3a. ydvanta: ydvanti l c. -gantu: .gantum ld. dik.sati: jik.satu 3a. - vanaspatiyd: - vanaspatfyo 3d. parihdyaki: parihdyati 4d. na ca vardhati: na pi ca varddhati 5c. -pratyayu: -pratyaya 5d. cdpi: cdsya XXIX la. dhydna viharantimahdnubhdvd: dhydne vihardtimahdnubhdvo 1c. pand~rayu: pund~raya l d. prdpu.ndyd: prdpunitvd 2a. sthito'tra: sthitonu 2b. rftpi: ndpi? 2d. dsravdk.sayi sa: dsravak.sayime 3b. viharanti: *viharitva 3b. ndsti: ndsti 3c. bhajyati: bhajyati ca 3d. upapadyati yathdbhiprdyd.h: upapadya yathdbhiprdyam. 4a. -parvCh: -pftrvo 4b. uttamapurd: uttarak.sard 4d. punar dgameya: puna dgameyu 5a. evam ete: emeva te 5b. -yogi: -yogd.h 6b. imi: ayu 6d. yatraha: mdsydha (-= II?) 7a. nidhdnam.: niddnam. ( = V?) 7d. praviditva: prati~eya? 7d. bhonti: bhoff 7d. O, T: lubdho. C: labdho ( = V?) 8b. preti-sukhadd: prfti*-sukhado 8b. bodhisattvd.h: bodhisattvo 8c. avasrrjya: avas.rjya* 8c. -labha .m: -Idbham. 9c. asamdhito: "samdhito 9d. buddhi-: buddha*-

54 10d. llc. 12d. 13b. 13d. 14a. 14c. 14d.

EDWARD CONZE

prajdyitavya: prajanayitavyu* avagdvaga-: avasdvaguso anupadhi.syati: so puna anuvadhi.syati* ti.st.heya: sth~tavyu -prabhavo: bhavato -sugatam. : -sukhata .m paricaryamdn, e: paricdryamd.n~ adhydgaye na parikhinna avasthiteti: adhydgayena avikhinna upasthihitf ( : 119.) XXX la. -abhiprayo:-abhiyukto ( = II?) ld. -yukto : -yukta 2a. -ga.naye: ga.nand 3b. so vd: *ydvann 3c. divaikamanas~: divekamanasa 3c. adhi.st,haheya: adhi.st.hiheya 3d. arambhaviryu: drabdhavfrya 5b. nayatf: nakas(m?)~ 5c. arambha-: drabdha5d. TO: lapsyati: C: ya~yati 6c. bhavati: bhavati 6c. -sam.jhai.h: -sam.j~o 7c. vfryapdramita: viryapdramitam 7d. akdhk.samd.na: dk~ih.sam~in,u 7d. -acyuta: ,acyuti 8b. susukha.m: sukhamam 8c. bhd.sate ka: bhd.syate ka.h 9a. bodhisattvu: bodhisattva 9c. lokavidun6rhata-: lokavidund~ raha9d. -skandhe: -skandho 10b. dvdtrim, galak.saga-: *dvatrim, gallak.san,a10c. nigdmaydt~: ni~yamaydff 10d. priyu bhonti: priya bhoti 1lb. abhyokireya: abhyokireyu 1 lc. 'pi: ca 1 lc. sakale dirasi k.sipeyd: sakalam, giri prak.sipeyd lld., 13a. updditavyo: updditavyd 12b. tdm. : tam 12c. dhdto.h: dhdtft 13a. k.samam6n,u: k.samamd.na 13c. anubhftya: anubhfttu

THE Ratnagunasam. cayag6thd 13d. kasmdhu: kasmdrthu 13d. bodhau: bodhi.h 14a. bandha-tatd.dandd: bandhana-td.dandd* 14c. sahdmi: sahdm~ XXXI lc. -kriya: -kriyd ld. tdm: tam 2a. -pratyaydna: -pratyaydni 2a. janeti: janentf 2b. bhoti: bhonti 2b. vidu.sdm. : -t avidft; Ti: mi mkhas 2c. pari.ndmayantf: parin, dmaydff 2d. sthitu: sthita 2d. -gun.ebhi yukto: -gun.eyi (so X) yuktd.h 3a. dgamu: dgama 3b. gflu arthu: dfla artha 4a. bhu~jati." bhugjayi 4b. dharma: dharmd 4b. dara.nd-: iaran, am. 4b. drya-: arya4c. manas~ bhavi.sydmi: managigatu bhe.syi* 5a. dadabhi: dadabhi 5b. -rahatva-: -rahdna5b. janet# janeti 5c. -d~lu: -dila 5d. pdrdjiko: pdrdjikd.m 5d. cittapddo: cittupddo; cf. VI 3a. 6a. -bodhi .m: -bodhau 6b. na 6tmana: na ca atma ut-* 6d. ucyati: vuccati 7a. bodhisattva: bodhisattvu 7d. -d~lo: -dila 8a. yasyo: *yasyo na 8b. -virdgu: -virdga 9c. tyajamdna: tyajamdnu lOa. vadikc~nirdtmyam. : *va~ikdm nit~tmd.m lOb. O: mdm. sa; X: md sa; C: md-a lOc. yadi vd hira.nc~: tada vd hirana lOd. eta: atra lOd. matsari so: matsariya.m* 1la. samj~a-: sam.j~t~-

55

56 llb. lld. lld. 12b. 12c. 12d. 13b. 13c. 13c. 13d. 14a. 14b. 14c. 15a. 15a. 15c. 15c. 16b. 16d. 17a. 17b. 18a. 18b. 18d. 18d. X X X I I lb. 2a. 2a. 2d. 4b. 5c. 6c. 6c. 6d.

EDWARD CONZE

sd muhdndm. : hi momuhdnd.m manu.sya: manu.syi bhoti: bhonti ddnddhimukta: ddnddhimuktu dvfpi: dvipa hi dv~palabdho: tu dvipalabdhd ydvasti: ygtvanti sarve.su te.su bhavate: sarve.sa te.sa bhavantu datta-ddna.m: *ddnadatto jagdrthe: jagdrtham. -ni~rayu." -nigraya vidupaku: VTpdku* tyajitva: tyajantu ydvanta: ydvanti asff: sanff Buddhdnu: Buddhdna -vidunarhata-: -vidund.m rahapu.nya-: pun. yupari.ndmayukto: parin, dmayanto* rdgim, bhiyd mahatto: ragi siyd mahanto sa: ta dadamdna: dadamdnu na vastuprema: na ca vastupremam. -ma.n.dalu: -man. .dala -pak.se: -pak.so ddridrayam. : ddridriyam. ffrya-: tiryaneka: naika suvarn, a-: svarn, atraidhdtukdnta; traidhdtukdtu -vam. ~am. : -vam. ~u -sa.mcaya: -sam. cayu -mdrga.h: mdrgam mdrganuprdptavanti: mdrganuprdpun, anta

IV. DIVERGENCES IN THE TREATMENT OF VISARGA AND ANUSV~RA IN MANUSCRIPT C I lOa. cetanaydm..- lOd. anupddadhi.h.- 1 lb. Tathdgatehi.h.- 1 ld. dharmaprak.rtfm. . - 14a. mayopamdm. . - 17b. rage.h. - 19b. kotiO. - 21d. gre.stha.m. -

T H E R a t n a g u n . asam. c a y a g d t h a

57

I I 5c. pan..ditehi.h. - I I I 5b. d h d t o . h . - I V 2a. a g a u r a t v a m . - 3b. n a m a s y a n i y a . h . - V 3c. p d r a m i t d m . . - 3d. p u n . y a m . . - 7c. sam. b h a v e y u r . - VI l b . sam. p r a y u k t d . h . - 2a. - n i y u t d . h . - 2b. k o t . y o . - 3c. pu.nya(m. ). - 4b. n d s r a v d m . L - 6a. k.sfn, a d h a r m d . h . - V I I lc. a c a k . s u . - 2a. y a t r d n t a r a s m i n . - 4b. sp.r.st.d.h. 6d. A v i c i . - V I I I l d . - c h i n n d . - 2a. b o d h i s a t t v d . h . - X 4b. g a v e . s ( d ) a m c L n o . 8a. v e d a n d b h i r . - 9d. nirv.rtim.. - X I 6c. d h a r m a . r e . - 8b. a n t a r d y d . h . X I I 4b. d h a r m d . h . - X I V 4b. -kudaldh. . - X V 4a. v d d i c a n d r d . - 5b. d y a t a n a i . - 8b. - b h a t d . h . - X V I l d . - p r d p t C h . - X V I I lc. m a h d n u b h d v d m , s. - 4a. - d u d d h d . h . - 4c. a p a r a p r a n e y d d . - 5a. -cittc~.h. - 5b. s a r v a v a s t u m . (so X). 6c. - c i t t d . h . - 7b. - v i g a t d . h . - 7d. p r a j d n i t a v y d . h . - X V I I I l b . dc~ntd.h. 3a. - c a r i t o p u r u . s o . - 8b. n d m a m d t r d (so X). - X I X 4a. d d l i k d d e s . - X X 6c. seva.12d. k o t . L h . - 13c. v d y u . h . - 15d. sam. g h o . h . - 20b. p u n a . - 20b. d a k y o . - 22d., 23d., 24d. v e d i t a v y o . - X X I 6b. ko.ti(so X). - X X I I l b . g a v e . s a m d . n o . - 2a. b o d h i s a t t v d . h . - 4d. p r a j g c L - 7c. ya.h. - 10c. dak.si.n?yo. - X X I V l a . tasmim. . - 5b. c i t t a . m . - 5c/d. y u k t d - s : y u k t d . h . - X X V la. dik.sd.m. - 4c. d.r.s.tLh. - X X V I I 7b. - s a m . p r a y u k t d (so X). - X X V I I I lc. y o . - 3c. v . r d d h i m . . X X I X 4a. p f ~ r v d . - 5c. a n o p a l i p t d . h . - 6d. h d n i . h . - 1 la. - s a t t v d . h . - 12c. -abhibhatdh. - X X X 12d. df~ro. - 13c. - k ~ r 6 . - X X X I 2c. b o d h i m . - 3a. sftratdnd. - 5a. p a t h e b h i h . (om. g). - 10a. - p r a k . r f f . - 18b. - p r e m a . m . X X X I I 2a. -rf~pd. - 3b. a n a n t a m . . - 3b. -gagjam. . - 5c., d. -vam. da.

V. PROBABLE M I S T A K E S IN MS C

N o t e t h a t r o u n d b r a c k e t s indicate omissions, straight b r a c k e t s a d d i t i o n s , b y the scribe. I 1d. prajYtd(ya) pdramitd. - I I 4a. S u g a ( t a ) . - I I 9a. O: rgtpe h a ; C : rupen, a. - I X 2. p a r i b u d d h i m i . T : y o h s d a g - p a r . - X I 6b. k u [ d a ] l a s a m , s t a v a . X I 8d. p r a j g d ( y a ) p d r a m i t d . - X I I 6b. t r d ( s a ) y a n t o . - X V lc. s u d i ( . s y a ) . X V I 2c. t a t h ( a t ) d . - 4c. t r d y a ( s ) t r i m , da. - X X 7c. R e a d : a t r d n t a r e h a . X X 8b. p a t d ( t i b h f t m a u ) . - X X I 5a. O: r d . s t r i n i g a m e ; C : r d . s [ r a v i g a m e . X X I I 13b. : C X : .na = n a . - X X I X l d . b o d h i [ s a t t v o ] . - X X X 9b. ( r a t n a ) b h a r i t a m . . - X X X 10c. d f m y a : d r a d d h a - . Verse V I I 7 is p l a c e d before V I I 6. T h e c o l o p h o n gives the n u m b e r o f g d t h d for ch. X I I as i0, b u t the text, like Obermiller, has only 9.1 1 It remains to me to thank the Asiatic Society of Calcutta for kindly letting Prof. de Jong have a microfilm of Ms C.--I also use this opportunity to apologize for some slight confusion which has arisen over the Tibetan equivalents, both in L L R . V and in this article. There are in Europe only two copies of the original edition of the R a t n a gu.na, in Paris and Rome, which I saw in 1949 and 1952 just long enough to copy out the Sanskrit text. Afterwards I typed out the Tibetan from the Narthang print, and

58

EDWARD CONZE

made my indices from that typescript, comparing later on the Narthang readings sporadically, but not systematically, with those of Obermiller's Xylograph. There are quite a number of divergences between X and Narthang, I have not done sufficient justice to them, and someone else will have to take up the work where I left it.