EDUCATION IN MALAYSIA

by Assoc Professor Dr Hassan Basri Director Department of Malaysian Studies

MALAYSIA ON THE WORLD MAP

SCOPE OF PRESENTATION
EDUCATION POLICY STRUCTURE OF THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION EDUCATION SYSTEM CURRICULUM TEACHERS BUDGET ALLOCATION OTHER AGENCIES EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT MASTER PLAN

Population Profile
Population 24 years and below 25 to 59 years 60 years and above Family Size in Malaysia 26.2 m 13.41 m 10.98 m 1.73 m 4.6

ETHNIC GROUPS Malay Chinese Indian Other Bumiputera Others Non Malaysian Citizen
Source: DOS, 2006

13.3 m ( 50.8 % ) 6.1 m ( 23.3 % ) 1.8 m ( 6.9 % ) 2.9 m ( 11.1 % ) 0.3 m ( 1.5 % ) 1.8 m ( 6.9 % )

LITERACY RATE
Literacy rate among men & women (15 years and above): 2000 Male 93.7 % 2006 Male Female 95.3% 89.6 %

Female 86.4 %
Source: Labour Force Survey, DOS

EDUCATIONAL PLANNING AND RESEARCH DIVISION MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, MALAYSIA

Education Policy

Vision 2020
Vision 2020 states the nine (9) strategic challenges: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Establishing a united Malaysian nation Creating a psychologically liberated society Fostering & developing a mature democratic society Establishing a fully moral & ethical society Establishing a matured liberal & tolerant society Establishing a scientific and progressive society Establishing a fully caring society Ensuring an economically just society in which there is a fair and equitable distribution of the wealth in the nation Establishing a prosperous society with an economy that is fully competitive, dynamic, robust and resilient

MISSION
To develop a world class quality education system which will realise the full potential of the individual and fulfill the aspirations of the Malaysian nation.

National Education Philosophy

Education in Malaysia is an on-going effort towards further developing the potential of individuals in a holistic and integrated manner, so as to produce individuals who are intellectually, spiritually, emotionally and physically balanced and harmonious, based on a firm belief in and devotion to God. Such an effort is designed to produce Malaysian citizens who are knowledgeable and competent, who possess high moral standards, and who are well responsible and capable of achieving high level of personal well-being as well as being able to contribute to the harmony and betterment of the family, the society and the nation at large.

NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY

The national language to be the main medium of instruction; A national curriculum; Common examinations; The education provided being varied and comprehensive in scope and which will satisfy the needs of the nation as well as promote national unity through cultural, social, economic and political development in accordance with the principles of Rukun Negara; and In accordance to the general principle that pupils are to be educated in accordance with the wishes of their parents.

Focus Of Implementation
Access Equity Quality of education Improving efficiency and effectiveness of the delivery system

EDUCATIONAL PLANNING AND RESEARCH DIVISION MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, MALAYSIA

STRUCTURE OF THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

MINISTRY LEVEL
MINISTER

DEPUTY MINISTER PARLIAMENTARY SECRETARY

DEPUTY MINISTER

SECRETARY GENERAL

DIRECTOR GENERAL

Various Departments/Divisions

Various Departments/Divisions

Various Statutory Bodies

SECRETARY GENERAL

CORPORATE & POLICY MANAGEMENT DIVISION

DEPUTY SEC. GENERAL FINANCE & DEVELOPMENT

DEPUTY SEC. GENERAL HUMAN RESOURCE

SCHOOL AUDIT DIVISION FINANCE DIVISION

EVALUATION AND COMPETENCY DEVELOPMENT DIVISION

INTERNAL AUDIT DIVISION

DEVELOPMENT & PROCUREMENT DIVISION MANAGEMENT SERVICES DIVISION INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS DIVISION

MATRICULATION DIVISION

LEGAL ADVISER INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION SYSTEM DIVISION

SCHOLARSHIP DIVISION

DIRECTOR GENERAL OF EDUCATION

DEP. DIR. GEN. SCHOOL DEPT. SCHOOL DIVISION

DEP. DIR. GEN. TECHNICAL EDUCATION DEPT. TECH. & VOC. MANAGEMENT DIVISION

DEP. DIR. GEN. DEPT. OF ISLAMIC & MORAL EDUC. DEPT.

DEP. DIR. GEN. SPECIAL EDUCATION DEPT.

DEP. DIR. GEN. SPORTS DEPT.

ISLAMIC STUDIES & MORAL EDUC. DIVISION

PLANNING & RESEARCH DIVISION

POLICY DEVELOPMENT DIVISION

TEACHER EDUCATION DIVISION

TECH. & VOC. CURRICULUM DIVISION

DAKWAH & LEADERSHIP DIVISION

SPECIAL EDUCATION SERVICE DIVISION

SPORTS MANAGEMENT DIVISION

CURRICULUM DEV. CENTRE

TEXTBOOK DIVISION

PLANNING & RESEARCH DIVISION

ISLAMIC & MORAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM DIVISION

TRAINING & SUPPORT SERVICES DIVISION

MANAGEMENT SERVICES DIVISION

TRAINING & STAFF DEV. DIVISION PRIVATE EDUCATION DIVISION

MALAYSIAN EXAMINATION COUNCIL

DEWAN BAHASA DAN PUSTAKA

EDUCATIONAL PLANNING AND RESEARCH DIVISION

MALAYSIAN BOOK COUNCIL

15 DIRECTORS OF STATE EDUCATION DEPT.

EXAMINATIONSSY NDICATE

AMINUDDIN BAKI INSTITUTE

EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION

MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF TRANSLATION

STATE LEVEL
DIRECTOR DEPUTY DIRECTOR

ACADEMIC

SCHOOL

HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT

SERVICES

CURRICULUM ISLAMIC & MORAL EDUCATION EXAMINATION

PRIMARY & SECONDARY EDUCATION PRIVATE EDUCATION PUBLIC RELATION & REGISTRATION

CO-CURRICULUM STUDENT AFFAIRS & DRUG PREVENTION

DEVELOPMENT & PROCUREMENT PERSONNEL FINANCE INFORMATION

DISTRICT LEVEL
DISTRICT EDUCATION OFFICER

ACADEMIC MANAGEMENT

HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT

DEVELOPMENT AND PROCUREMENT

SCHOOL MANAGEMENT

ORGANISATION MANAGEMENT

INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

PRIMARY SCHOOL
HEADMASTER

SENIOR ASSISTANT(I) ADMINISTRATION

SENIOR ASSISTANT (II) STUDENT AFFAIRS

SENIOR ASSISTANT (III) CO-CURRICULUM CO-CURRICULUM (UNIFORMED UNITS GAMES & CLUBS)

ADMINISTRATION (GENERAL & FINANCE) CURRICULUM SCHOOL SECURITY SUPPORT STAFF

DISCIPLINE TEXTBOOK LOAN SCHOLARSHIP STUDENT AFFAIRS

AFTERNOON SUPERVISOR

SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL

PRINCIPAL SCHOOL COUNSELLOR

SENIOR ASSIST (I) ADMINISTRATION

ADMINISTRATION
(GENERAL & FINANCE)

SENIOR ASSIST (II) STUDENT AFFAIRS DISCIPLINE & COUNSELLING HEALTH HOSTEL STUDENT AFFAIRS

SENIOR ASSIST (III) C0-CURRICULUM

CO-CURRICULUM (CLUBS, GAMES AND UNIFORMED UNITS)

AFTERNOON SUPERVISOR
ADMINISTRATION CURRICULUM CO-CURRICULUM COUNSELLING WELFARE (STAFF & PUPILS)

CURRICULUM SCHOOL SECURITY WELFARE

(STAFF & PUPILS)

HEAD OF DEPARTMENT

SCIENCE / MATH.

LANGUAGE

SOCIAL SCIENCE

TECHNICAL / VOC.

EDUCATIONAL PLANNING AND RESEARCH DIVISION MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, MALAYSIA

EDUCATION SYSTEM

EDUCATION SYSTEM
16+ 17 + years

Post Secondary (2)

14+ 11+ 6+

16+ years 14+ years 11 + years

Upper Secondary (2) Lower Secondary (3) Primary (6) Primary (6) Pre-School (1)

6 years

EDUCATION SYSTEM
Compulsory Education
TYPES OF SCHOOL TYPES OF SCHOOL TYPES OF SCHOOL TYPES OF SCHOOL

Regular Technical & Vocational Sports Religious Special Ed. Residential Matriculation Form Six Polytechnic College

National Type C Type T Special

Academic

LEVEL

PRESCHOOL

PRIMARY 1-6

LOWER SECONDARY FORM 1-3

UPPER SECONDARY FORM 4-5

POST SECONDARY

AGE

4-6

6+ - 11+
PRIMARY SCHOOL ASSESSMENT

11 + - 14 +
LOWER SECONDARY ASSESSMENT

14+ - 16 +
MALAYSIAN ED. CERT.

16 + - 17 +
MALAYSIAN HIGHER SCH. CERT

ASSESSMENT

ENROLMENT IN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS, 20022006

YEAR 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 PRIMARY 2.96 3.07 3.12 3.13 3.14 SECONDARY 2.05 2.07 2.16 2.22 2.23 TOTAL 5.01 5.14 5.28 5.35 5.37

Source: Malaysian Educational Statistics, EPRD, 2006.

NUMBER OF STUDENTS BY LEVEL OF EDUCATION AS OF 30 JUNE 2006

LEVEL PRIMARY LOWER SECONDARY UPPER SECONDARY POST SECONDARY 1 345 006 752 769 153 894 STUDENTS 3 136 641

TOTAL

5 388 310

Source: Malaysian Educational Statistics, EPRD, 2006.

NUMBER OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS, 2002-2006

YEARS PRIMARY SECONDARY TOTAL

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

7421 7504 7562 7601 7616

1819 1902 1976 2028 2047

9240 9406 9538 9629 9663

Source: Malaysian Educational Statistics, EPRD, 2006.

NUMBER OF PRIMARY SCHOOLS BY TYPE [ 2006 ]

NATIONAL NATIONAL TYPE C NATIONAL TYPE T SPECIAL (DISABLED STUDENTS) TOTAL
Source: Malaysian Educational Statistics, EPRD, 2006.

5774 1288 523 28 7616

NUMBER OF SECONDARY SCHOOLS BY TYPE AS JUNE 2006

REGULAR TECHNICAL RELIGIOUS FULLY RESIDENTIAL SPECIAL MODEL SPECIAL (DISABLED STUDENTS) SPORTS TOTAL PRIMARY + SECONDARY
Source: Malaysian Educational Statistics, EPRD, 2006.

1831 90 55 54 11 4 2 2047 9660

RATIO OF STUDENTS TEACHER & CLASS SIZE

PRIMARY STUDENT PER TEACHER CLASS SIZE SECONDARY STUDENT PER TEACHER CLASS SIZE 15.0 30.0 16.5 31.0

HIGHER EDUCATION Enrolment at Colleges and Public Universities 2006

UNIVERSITY COMMUNITY COLLEGE TEACHER TRANING INSTITUTE POLYTECHNIC TAR COLLEGE TOTAL
Source: Malaysian Educational Statistics, EPRD, 2006.

309 091 11 606 30 851 75 109 26 098 452 755

NUMBER OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTE

TEACHER TRAINING INSTITUTE COMMUNITY COLLEGE PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES MATRICULATION CENTRES 28 34 25 11

Source: Malaysian Educational Statistics, EPRD, 2006.

EDUCATIONAL PLANNING AND RESEARCH DIVISION MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, MALAYSIA

Curriculum

CURRICULAR EMPHASIS
15 16 year old Upper Secondary ( Form 4 - 5 ) development of aptitude and interests, development of personality, attitude and values, specialisation, vocational education, career and higher education 12 - 14 year old Lower Secondary ( Form 1 - 3 ) general education, consolidation of skills acquired at primary and pre-vocational level, dev. of aptitude and interests, dev. of personality, attitude and values 9 - 11 year old Primary Level II ( Year 4 - 6 ) reinforcement and application of 3Rs, complex skills, acquisition of knowledge, prevocational education, development of personality, attitude and values

13 year old Remove Class

6 - 8 year old Primary Level I ( Year 1 - 3 ) mastery of 3Rs, development of personality, attitude and values

5 year old Pre - School socialisation process, personality development, preparation for primary schooling

LIST OF SUBJECTS AT PRIMARY LEVEL

PRIMARY 1-3
Malay Language English Language Chinese Language & Communication Chinese Tamil Language & Communication Tamil Communication Arabic Iban ( starting from Year 3 ) Semai ( starting from Year 3 ) Mathematics Islamic Education Moral Education Science Music Education Visual Arts Education Physical Education Health Education

PRIMARY 4-6
Plus

Social Studies Civics & Citizenship Education Living Skills

LIST OF SUBJECTS AT SECONDARY LEVEL

CORE SUBJECTS ADDITIONAL
BAHASA MELAYU

ENGLISH LANGUAGE SCIENCE MATHEMATICS ISLAMIC EDUCATION MORAL EDUCATION GEOGRAPHY HISTORY VISUAL ART EDUCATION MUSIC EDUCATION PHYSICAL EDUCATION CIVICS AND CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION LIVING SKILLS HEALTH EDUCATION

CHINESE LANGUAGE TAMIL LANGUAGE COMMUNICATION ARABIC IBAN LANGUAGE FRENCH JAPANESE GERMAN

ELECTIVE SUBJECTS AT UPPER SECONDARY

PURE SCIENCE
BIOLOGY PHYSICS CHEMISTRY ADDITIONAL MATHS

ADDITIONAL SCIENCE
ADDITIONAL SCIENCE

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

ISLAMIC EDUCATION
AL-QURAN & AS- SUNNAH STUDIES SYARIAH ISLAMIAH STUDIES TASSAWUR ISLAMIAH APPLIED ARTS BASIC ECONOMICS PRINCIPLES OF ACCOUNT COMMERCE HOME SCIENCE

LANGUAGE
ENGLISH FOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY IBAN LANGUAGE ( starting from 2007 ) FRENCH JAPANESE GERMANY 22 VOCATIONAL SUBJECTS

LIST OF VOCATIONAL SUBJECTS IN REGULAR SECONDARY SCHOOL

DOMESTIC CONSTRUCTION FURNITURE MAKING SIGNAGE SERVICING DOMESTIC ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES DESIGN AND TAILORING CATERING SERVICE LANDSCAPE & NURSERY FOOD CROP CULTIVATION FOOD PROCESSING AQUACULTURE & PETS MULTIMEDIA PRODUCTION COMPUTER GRAPHIC DOMESTIC PLUMBING ARC & GAS WELDING MOTORCYCLE SERVICING GERIATRICS SERVICE WIRING AUTOMOBILE SERVICING AIR CONDITIONING SERVICING FACIAL & HAIR CARE BASIC INTERIOR DECORATION INFANT CARE & EARLY EDUCATION

EDUCATIONAL PLANNING AND RESEARCH DIVISION MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, MALAYSIA

Teachers

TEACHERS PRIMARY LEVEL AS OF 30 JUNE 2006

MALE FEMALE GRADUATES NON GRADUATES TOTAL
Source: Malaysian Educational Statistics, EPRD, 2006.

62 791 (32.2%) 132 088 (68.8%) 20 547 (10.6%) 164 752 (89.4%) 194 879

TEACHERS SECONDARY LEVEL AS OF 30 JUNE 2006

MALE FEMALE GRADUATES NON GRADUATES TOTAL GRAND TOTAL 48 800 89 783 118 341 19 413 138 583 333 462 (Primary + Secondary) 35.2 % 64.8 % 85.4 % 15.6 %

Source: Malaysian Educational Statistics, EPRD, 2006.

Pre-service Programme
Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) Malaysian Diploma in Teaching (MDT) Post diploma Course in Teaching Postgraduate Diploma in Teaching (PDT) B. Ed. TESL twinning programme with local and overseas universities Excellent Students Overseas Programme

In-service Programme
Special Certificate Programme Special Degree Programme Short Courses Masters Programme for Lecturers Malaysian Trainer Development Programme Degree Programme for Foreign Language Teachers Smart School Courses Professionalisme Development Courses in Malay Language, Science, Mathematics and ICT

EDUCATIONAL PLANNING AND RESEARCH DIVISION MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, MALAYSIA

BUDGET ALLOCATION

PERCENTAGE OF ACTUAL TOTAL EDUCATION EXPENDITURE AGAINST TOTAL GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE AND GNP
YEAR 2002 2003
% Educational Expenditure to Government Expenditure % Educational Expenditure to GNP

2004 2005

2006

19.85 27.65 25.04 20.53 19.73

8.59

7.70

5.80

5.35

5.15

Source: Malaysian Educational Statistics, EPRD, 2006.

TOTAL EXPENDITURE - 2006

DEVELOPMENT RECURRENT TOTAL = = = RM 2.2 B RM 17.5 B RM 19.7 B

Source: Malaysian Educational Statistics, EPRD, 2006.

ALLOCATION UNDER THE NINTH MALAYSIA PLAN (2006-2010)

PROGRAMS Preschool Primary Secondary Sports School Matriculation Technical & Vocational School Teacher Ed. Teachers Quarters Special Education Curriculum Rural Education ICT Others TOTAL COST 327 m 4.1 b 4.5 b 256 m 549 m 577 m 509 m 709 m 415 m 428 m 1.1 b 4.0 b 5.7 b 23.2 B
Source: Education Master Plan 2006-2010

SUPPORT PROGRAMS
PROGRAM Food Supplementary School Milk Program Student Trust Fund Food for Hostel Students Special Allowance (special needs) Text Books Loan Scheme Voucher Tuition Scholarship Others TOTAL
Education Dev. Master Plan 2006-2010

RECIPIENTS 700 000 550 000 350 000 260 000 20 335 4 200 000 450 000 230 000

TOTAL 183.0 m 21.8 m 200.0 m 531.6 m 6.8 m 160.4 m 181.9 m 200.0 m 15.0 m 1.5 bilion

EDUCATIONAL PLANNING AND RESEARCH DIVISION MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, MALAYSIA

Other Agencies

NUMBER OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS, AS OF 30 June 2006 (OTHER AGENCIES)

Kindergarten Religious School (SMAR) Private Primary Private Secondary Religious State School (SMAN) Private Religious Primary and Secondary International Schools MARA (Government Agency) Expatriate Schools 12 757 183 64 78 119 36 34 32 14 500 000

TOTAL ENROLMENT (Estimated)

Source: Malaysian Educational Statistics, EPRD, 2006.

EDUCATIONAL PLANNING AND RESEARCH DIVISION MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, MALAYSIA

EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT MASTER PLAN

EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT MASTER PLAN (EDMP) 2006 - 2010 Theme Pioneering Change: A National Mission

NATIONAL EDUCATION : BUILDING THE FOUNDATION

The development of the national education system is based on the following thrusts:
Access to education; Equity in education; Quality in education; and Efficiency and effectiveness of education management

Gaps In Educational Accomplishments

1. Inadequate provision of electricity supply (rural schools) 2. Inadequate supply of clean water (rural schools) 3. Old school buildings (exceeding 30 years) requiring high maintenance 4. Insufficient classrooms and high number of double-session schools 5. Insufficient classroom/science laboratory facilities

Gaps In Educational Accomplishments

6. Low rate of student participation at secondary level 7. Primary school pupils have not mastered the 3R skills 8. Drop-out among students 9. Participation and achievements of special needs students, children of Orang Asli and Penan in Sarawak are still below par 10.Insufficient trained teachers in critical areas (in the remote schools)

EDMP APPROACH
Completing specified tasks from previous plan, ensuring access to education and providing educational opportunities to all Accelerating excellence of educational institutions

RUMAH GURU LAMA SARAWAK

THRUST 1 NATION BULIDING

THRUST 4 BRIDGING THE EDUCATIONAL GAP

THRUST 2 DEVELOPING HUMAN CAPITAL

6 THRUSTS IN EDMP

THRUST 5 ENHANCING TEACHING PROFESSION

THRUST 3 STRENGTENING NATIONAL SCHOOLS

THRUST 6 ACCELERATING EXCELLENCE OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

THRUST 1: NATION-BUILDING
Policy Support nation-building by strenthening unity, moulding a national identity and instilling nationalism while developing human resources consistent with the countrys needs Aim To produce students with strong personality, patriotic, adhere strictly to religious and moral values and live together in a caring, democratic, liberal, tolerant, united and science-oriented society

THRUST 2 DEVELOPING HUMAN CAPITAL

Policy Develop human capital with knowledge and skills as well as good values Aim Inculcate the desire for knowledge, skills and competency, foster positive values, morals and attitudes as well as to inculcate discipline among students

THRUST 3: STRENGTHENING NATIONAL SCHOOLS

Policy Making national school as a school of choice Aim To enhance and reinforce unity among multi racial students and ensure excellence and equality in all aspects in of education

THRUST 4 BRIDGING THE EDUCATION GAP

Policy To reduce the education gap within location, socioeconomic status and students potentials. Aim To ensure all students and schools have equal opportunity and capabilty to achieve excellence.

 Policy

THRUST 5: ENHANCING THE TEACHING PROFESSION

Aim To make teaching a highly respected profession befitting the responsibility it shoulders in moulding the countrys future generation

Enhance the teaching profession through the provision of quality teachers and better career opportunities

THRUST 6: ACCELERATING EXCELLENCE OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

Policy Elevate educational institutions to ensure quality and world class education Aim Create clusters of excellence among educational institutions

RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS

SPECIAL EDUCATION SCHOOLS

REGULAR SECONDARY SCHOOLS

CLUSTERS OF EXCELLENCE
ORANG ASLI & RURAL SCHOOLS TECHNICAL SCHOOL S

PRIMARY SCHOOLS (SK, SJKC & SJKT)

RELIGIOUS SCHOOLS

CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS

1. Success of EDMP: Capability of MOE to identify and maximise factors that determine the success of EDMP: 2. 1. Knowledgable, skill and competent human resources 3. 2. Effective management, administration, delivery system, monitoring and evalution systems 4. 3. Cooperation and commitment of the education community, stakeholders, other agencies and ministries

Thank you Terima kasih Ministry of Education, Malaysia