DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING IIT BOMBAY ME759: NONLINEAR FINITE ELEMENT METHODS Assignment 1: Review of Linear Finite Element

Methods Assigned: Feb. 5, 2013 Due: Feb. 18, 2013, 5:00 pm

Complete the FORTRAN coding of a 4 node, 2D plane strain/plane stress/ axisymmetric element to solve linear, isotropic elastic problems. Refer to discussion in class on 2D plane strain/plane stress/axisymmetric nite element formulation. The element should conform to the general structure of FEAPs element routines (see Appendix 1). Only modules concerned with input of material data (ISW=1), the computation of element stiness matrix (ISW=3), output of element stresses and strains (ISW=4), computation of element force array (ISW=6), update of stresses and strains (ISW=9) need to be completed. In coding the element subroutine, follow the general guidelines listed in Appendix 2. Note that in the axisymmetric case, a dierential volume element is given by dVe = 2 r dr dz. Once you have coded up the element, run the following tests: a) Dene a square patch of four plane stress elements with the node at the center of the patch (node 5) oset from the center of the square so as to distort the elements (see Fig. 1). First consider the case where a uniform traction y = 1.0 is applied along the edge 1-2-3, so that a constant strain state prevails in the patch. Apply consistent loads using macro FORC. Assume Youngs Modulus, E = 100.0 and Poissons Ratio, = 0.3. Run the program and check if you recover the exact stresses and strains at element Gauss points and exact displacements at the nodes.
Y

1.0 1 1 5 4 3 2

1.0 2

3 x5 = 1.2 y5 = 1.3

1.0

6 4 1.0

Figure 1: Four element patch. b) Next consider a constant shear stress of xy = 1.0 applied along the edge 1-2-3. Now replace rollers at 8 and 9 by pins. Also, supply vertical rollers at nodes 1, 2 and 3. Apply vertical forces (due to complementary shear stresses) at nodes 4 1

and 6. Repeat instructions of problem (a). Note that the complementary shear stress xy = 1 should also be applied on edges 1-4-7 and 3-6-9. c) Repeat problem (a) with axisymmetric elements. d) Repeat problem (b) with plane strain elements. e) Solve the problem of a thick cylinder subjected to internal pressure using both plane strain (Fig. 2) and axisymmetric elements (Fig. 3). Choose material properties as in (a). From your results, obtain the radial variation of hoop stress ( ) and radial stress (rr ). Compare with analytical solution (see Timoshenko and Goodier, Theory of Elasticity, pg. 68-71).
ux = 0 xy = 0 p = 1.0

y p x 1.0 uy = 0 xy = 0

2.0

Figure 2: Thick cylinder in plane strain.

p = 1.0

0.25

r
1.0 1.0

Figure 3: Thick cylinder as axisymmetric. f) Solve the problem shown in Fig. 4 of a plate containing a circular hole subjected to tension. Use plane stress elements and try two meshes with the rst one coarse and the second one having improved renement around the hole. Select material properties as in problem (a). Note that because of symmetry 2

considerations, you need to model only one quarter of the problem. Impose appropriate symmetry conditions (normal displacement and shear stress equal to zero) along symmetry lines. From your results, obtain the variation of xx stress along y-axis above the hole. What is the stress concentration that you get at the hole? Also, obtain the variation of yy stress along x-axis. Compare with analytical solution (see Timoshenko and Goodier, Theory of Elasticity, pg. 91). Check for convergence by comparing results obtained with the two meshes.

y 5.0 5.0

o = 1.0

5.0

1.0

Figure 4: Plate with a hole subjected to tension.