Power Grid failure: a reason behind blackout

Er. Ishu Sethi

Past: Uiet, Panjab university, chandigarh

mbishu911@yahoo.com

July 30 , 0233 hrs. IST Power outage in Northern India 8 states plunged into darkness

July 31 , 1302 hrs. IST

Power outage in Northern , Eastern & North eastern India

Nearly half of India's population affected

22 out of 28 states in India, without power

Reasons behind the failure

Overdrawing of power by states namely Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana than the scheduled Quota Overloading of Gwalior-Agra transmission line People Low water level in Bakhra Dam

Sir Rajnikant charging his laptop

Reasons behind the failure

Overdrawing of power by states namely Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana than the scheduled Quota Overloading of Gwalior-Agra transmission line People Low water level in Bakhra Dam

Sir Rajnikant charging his laptop

Reasons behind the failure

Overdrawing of power by states namely Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana than the scheduled Quota Overloading of Gwalior-Agra transmission line People Low water level in Bakhra Dam

Sir Rajnikant charging his laptop

Suspected Reasons
Overdrawing of power by states namely Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana than the scheduled Quota

Overloading of Gwalior-Agra transmission line

Power drawl (July 30 0200 hrs.)

State Schedule (MW) Actual (MW) OD (+) / UD (-) (MW)

Punjab Rajasthan Haryana Delhi Uttarakhand HP UP JK Chandigarh

4850 1861 2648 3088 512 43 5587 694 295

5426 1474 3205 2805 593 -88 6310 -15 230

576 -387 557 -283 81 -131 723 -709 -65

www.cercind.gov.in

Power overdrawl (July 30 0200 hrs.)

State
Punjab

% Over drawl
11.87

Haryana

21.03

UP

12.94

www.powermin.nic.in www.cercind.gov.in

Power drawl (July 30 0230 hrs.)

State Schedule (MW) Actual (MW) OD (+) / UD (-) (MW)

Punjab Rajasthan Haryana Delhi Uttarakhand HP UP JK Chandigarh

4769 1717 2586 2987 475 88 5475 683 295

5092 1379 3103 2715 636 -93 6331 -1 234

323 -338 517 -272 161 -181 856 -683 -61

www.cercind.gov.in

Power overdrawl (July 30 0230 hrs.)

State
Punjab

% Over drawl
6.77

Haryana

19.99

UP

15.63

Violating grid discipline and overdrawing may be regular phenomenon

Preventive measure Isolate some lines.

Borrow power from other Grids

Borrow power from other grids

Antecedent conditions (30 July)

www.cercind.gov.in

Overloading of Gwalior-Agra transmission line

line overloading. (limit-691 MW, power flowed- 1400 MW

Preventive action Divert load to available parallel lines.

Second circuit of BinaGwalior-Agra line is closed since July 28 for up gradation to 765 kV level
* The closure of this ckt. At a time when demand is high was the mistake done by powergrid

How the Grid Failed 1. Line tripping's initially due to load encroachment and then due to power swings

2.Huge gap b/w demand and supply once the NR gird got separated from WR and ER grid.

3. Not enough load shedding seen. Once the freq. fell below 47.5 Hz , it led to automatic tripping of generators, ultimately whole grid collapsed

Power Swing
For large disturbances, Angular separation between generators goes on increasing.

Wrong operation of distance relay, undesired tripping of transmission lines , leading to cascading outages.

Angular separation

www.cercind.gov.in

Frequency profile (30 July)

www.cercind.gov.in

Non operation of Under freq. relays

Northern Region has 10000 MW load shedding envisaged through Under frequency relays, df/dt relays. Rapid frequency decline shows non operation of UFL Matter of serious concern

Both states, Power Grid to be blamed for blackout

States overdraw power beyond their scheduled quota. Power Grid ordered closure of second circuit of Agra Gwalior line. Up gradation should have been done during the lean season and not when power demand is at its peak

Excessive Overdrawing

Overloading

What we learnt

Power Swing

Grid Collapse

Northern Grid Hit by Underdrawl (5 feb, 2013)

31 main transmission lines tripped due to high voltage.

demand dipped from 29,000 MW to 18,000 MW

www.hindustantimes.com

Northern Grid Hit by Underdrawl (5 feb, 2013)

grid frequency reached 50.67 Hz at 0300 hrs.

Ironically, states such as UP, Punjab and Haryana, were again to be blamed for the high voltage

www.hindustantimes.com

What could be done

Strict action must be taken against states which disobey the GRID discipline.

Replace traditional distance relay with Modern distance relays.

What could be done

Power Swing Block (PSB) function prevent unwanted distance relay operation during power swings.

Need to convert the existing GRID into a SMART GRID

SMART GRID
Convergence of Information Technology (IT), communication technology and electrical infrastructure Gather information about behaviors of suppliers and consumers, in an automated fashion SMART METERS- variable billing Improved efficiency, reliability and sustainability of the production and distribution of electricity

A presentation by Ishu Sethi

Thank you !
Contactishusethi9@gmail.com mbishu911@yahoo.com