1

Unit 1

Force and Motion

lesson 1

mass
Mass is measured by gram or kilogram. the amount of matter in an object.

kilogram is equal to the mass ofa liter of water The gram is equal to the mass of a paper clip

Different types of scales are used to measure the mass such as: The balance scale and one-arm scale.

mass of objects is stable and does not change from a place to another.

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

Unit 1

Force and Motion

lesson 1

weight
is the force with which a body is attracted to the Earth

This force is always towards the center of the Earth

Weight is measured by Newton

Newton is almost equal to the weight of an object whose mass is 100 grams

A weight of an object can be measured by the spring scale

The object weight is affected by three factors: 1 2 The planet where the object exists 3 Distance from the center of the planet

Object mass

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

Unit 1

Force and Motion

lesson 1

Comparison between mass and weight

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

Unit 1

Force and Motion

lesson 1

Exercises
Complete the following sentences: 1. The measurement unit of mass is ......... or ......... whereas the measurement unit of weight is ......... 2. Mass is measured by ......... whereas weight is measured by
.........

3. Mass is a constant and is not affected by ......... 4. An objects weight depends on ......... Write the scientific term: The amount of matter in an object. The force with which a body is attracted to the Earth. The measurement unit of mass which is almost equal to a mass liter of water. The measurement unit of weight which is almost equal to a mass 100 grams.

1. 2. 3. 4.

An object whose mass on Earth is equal to 6 kg. Calculate its weight on both surfaces of the Earth and the moon.
..

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

Unit 1

Force and Motion

lesson 1

Unit (1) Test

1. The device of measuring weight is .................... A. one-arm scale. B .two-arm scale. C. digital scale. D. spring scale

2. An object whose weight is 20 Newton on earth, its mass is equal to A. 10 kg. B. 2 kg. C. 200 kg. D. 20 kg.

Complete the following sentences:

1. Mass is measured by .......................... whereas weight is measured by ................... 2. Mass is the amount of matter that body contains. It does not change according to .......................... 3. An objects weight depends on .........................,. .......................... and ..........................

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

Unit 1

Force and Motion

lesson 1

If an objects mass = 30 kg on Earth, calculate: 1. Its mass on the moon. 2. Its weight on the Earth. 3. Its weight on the moon.

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

Unit 2

Thermal Energy

lesson 1

Heat conduction
Heat
It is a form of energy that transfers from the higher-temperature object to the lower temperature object. It is the degree of hotness or coldness of a body. Special devices are used to measure temperature. These devices are called thermometers. The different materials (such as plastic, wood and aluminum) differ in conducting heat.

Temperature

materials differ in conducting heat and are classified into two types:

Good conductors of heat :these are the materials that

conduct heat and let heat flow through such as copper, aluminum, and iron.

Bad conductors of heat: these are known as

insulators that do not let heat flow through such as wood, glass, plastic, paper, liquids and gases especially air.

Different metals differ in conducting heat .we find out that copper conducts heat faster than aluminum and iron . Usages of good and bad conductors of heat:
Plastic and wood are used to make handles of cooking pots, kettles and utensils. Moreover, plastic is used to make the iron handle.

1 Aluminum, copper and stainless steal are used to make cooking pots and kettles in houses and factories

3 Therefore, it they are used in winter to keep the body warm.

Heavy blankets and wool clothes are bad conductors.

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

Unit 2

Thermal Energy

lesson 1

Exercises
1. 2. 3. 4. Complete the following sentences: All metals are ......... conductors of heat. ......... conducts heat faster than aluminum. Some examples of good conductors of heat are ......... and .......... Some usages of good conductors of heat are ..........., .........and ......... 5. Some examples of bad conductors of heat are ......... and .......... 6. Some usages of bad conductors of heat are ...................................................................., . and ................................................. Put () in front of the right statements and (X) in front of the false statements and correct the underlined in the false ones: 1. All materials are good conductors of heat. ( ) 2. Copper is a good conductor of heat. ( ) 3. Cooking pots are made of wood. ( ) 4. Handles of cooking pots are made of copper ( ) 5. Aluminum is a poor conductor of heart. ( ) Provide the scientific term for each sentence: 1. Materials that let heat flow through. 2. Materials that do not let heat flow through. Mention the usages of good and bad conductors of heat.
1. . 2. .

3. .

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

Unit 2

Thermal Energy

lesson 2

Measuring temperature
Thermometer
It is a device used to measure temperature

How the thermometer works The main idea to make a thermometer is changing the volume of the liquid according to the temperature. The liquid expands by heating and contracts by cooling. 1 Medical thermometer 2 Celsius thermometer

Types of thermometers

Medical thermometer

Structure of the medical thermometer 1 A transparent glass tube which includes a capillary closed from one of its ends. 2 The other end from the capillary tube is connected to a bulb filled with mercury. 3 There is a constriction above the bulb to prevents .mercury from going back to the bulb quickly to read the measurement easily. 4 The thermometer scale starts from 35.oC to 42 oC and every degree is divided into ten parts. The medical thermometer is used to measure the temperature of the human being. Sterilize the medical thermometer using ethyl alcohol before and after using it

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

10

Unit 2

Thermal Energy

lesson 2

Celsius thermometer
parts of the medical thermometer 1 A transparent glass tube with a capillary tube closed from one of its ends. 2 The other end of the capillary tube is connected to a bulb filled with mercury, but there is no constriction above the bulb.

3 The thermometer scale starts from zero Celsius until 100 degrees Celsius. Every degree is divided into ten parts.

Why is mercury preferred in making a thermometer? 1 It is a liquid metal that can be seen easily through the thermometer glass.

2 Mercury is a good conductor of heat.Mercury is a good conductor of heat. 3 4 Mercury is a regular expanding material which gives an accurate estimation. Mercury does not stick to the walls of the capillary tube.
The Celsius thermometer is used in measuring the temperature of liquids.

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

11

Unit 2

Thermal Energy

lesson 2

Exercises
1. 2. 3. 4. Complete the following sentences: The scale of the medical thermometer starts from .. and ends at .... There is a constriction in the .................................................... thermometer. Form the kinds of thermometers are.............................. and .................................... The Celsius thermometer is used in .................................................... whereas the medical thermometer is used in.................................................... 5. The thermometer is .................................................... Put () in front of the right statements, and (X) in front of the false statements and correct the underlined in the false ones: 1. The Celsius thermometer is used for measuring the temperature of the human. 2. The scale of the medical thermometer starts from zero until 100 Celsius. 3. The medical thermometer is used for measuring the temperature of liquids. 4. There is a constriction above the bulb in the Celsius thermometer. 5. The used liquid in the medical thermometer is mercury. 1. 2. 3. Write the scientific term for each of the following statements: A device used to measure the temperature of the atmosphere. A device used to measure the temperature of the human being. The liquid used in making thermometers.

Compare between the medical and the Celsius thermometer

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

12

Unit 2

Thermal Energy

lesson 2

Unit (2) Test

Complete the following sentences: 1. We measure temperature by using ............................................................. 2. .............................................................is used in measuring temperatures of different liquids whereas .............................................................is used in measuring the temperature of the human body. 3. ................................. .............................and .............................are good conductors of heat. 4. ............................. , .............................and .............................are bad conductors of heat.

Write the scientific term for each of the following statements:

1. A device used to measure temperature. 2. The materials that allow the flow of heat inside. 3. The materials that do not allow the flow of heat inside.

Write the most important uses of the good and bad conductors of heat.
..

Fill in the spaces of following tables:

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

13

Unit 2

Thermal Energy

lesson 2

Put a () in front of the correct statements and () in front of the false one and correct the underlined in the false ones: 1. Medical thermometer is used in measuring the temperatures of different liquids. 2. The scale of the Celsius thermometer starts from 35 to 42. 3. Aluminum is a bad conductor of heat. 4. Wood is a good conductor of heat. Write an explanation for each of the following: 1. Mercury is used in thermometers.

2. The handles of cooking utensils are made of wood or plastics.

3. Cooking utensils are made of copper or aluminum.

4. There is a constriction in the medical thermometer.

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

14

Unit 3

The Atmosphere

lesson 1

nitrogen

atmosphere

atmosphere is composed of a mixture of gases surrounding the Earth. It is attracted to the

nitrogen represents 78% of the volume of the atmosphere

oxygen
Oxygen represents 21% of the volume of the atmosphere The remaining part of the atmosphere consists of water vapor, carbon dioxide and other gases such as argon, neon, helium and others

Earth by gravity.

Importance of the atmosphere

The atmosphere protects the Earth by absorbing ultraviolet radiation coming from outer space. Also, it adjusts the temperature of the Earths surface. air pollutants There are large quantities of solid objects in the atmosphere. solid objects are dust particles, smoke and gases produced by factories, cars, trains and ships Although solid objects are considered air pollutants, they help in the condensing of water vapor around and falling in the form of drops of rain or snow

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

15

Unit 3

The Atmosphere

lesson 1

oxygen
1 2 3

Oxygen is produced according to the availability of green plants. It is produced during photosynthesis Oxygen exists in the atmosphere in a gaseous state It consists of two-atom-molecules that have the composition O2 (the first letter of the word oxygen).

Although oxygen is consumed in respiration and combustion, this shortage is always compensated through the sustainability of photosynthesis. Therefore, its proportion stays fixed in the air

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

16

Unit 3

The Atmosphere

lesson 1

Preparation of oxygen in the laboratory

What do you need? (materials) A glass flask, a stopper of two holes, a glass funnel with a faucet, a glass tube, a glass container, some glass cylinders, water, hydrogen peroxide (you can get it from pharmacies), manganese dioxide. What should you do? (steps) Configure the apparatus shown in the figure with the assistance of your teacher and your colleagues.

Pour some manganese dioxide in the flask Fill the funnel with hydrogen peroxide.

Open the faucet to allow the leaking of some hydrogen peroxide on manganese ..dioxide. Close the faucet when the cylinder is filled with gas and then close the cylinder ..mouth and get the cylinder out of the container conclusion Hydrogen peroxide dissociates in the presence of manganese dioxide (as a catalyst) into water and oxygen gas (manganese dioxide remains without a change in quantity and properties and so it is called a catalyst).

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

17

Unit 3

The Atmosphere

lesson 1

Oxygen is a colorless, tasteless and odorless gas It scarcely dissolves in water.

Oxygen properties

Oxygen does not burn, but it helps in burning. It has a neutral effect on litmus paper with its two colors Oxygen is heavier than air as it replaces the air.

Oxygen is characterized by its ability to unite directly with most elements forming oxides.

burning rapid and produces heat and light

oxidation slow and in the presence of moisture

The erosion happens to ironware such as the bridges pillars. As time passes, if they are not isolated with paints,

the weight of materials increases after combination with oxygen oxygen combines with iron forming iron oxide.

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

18

Unit 3

The Atmosphere

lesson 1

Importance and uses of oxygen

It is important for respiration and food combustion processes inside living cells to produce energy necessary for vital processes.
1 2 3

Water consists of oxygen united with hydrogen Ozone is composed of oxygen (O3) which forms the ozone layer in the atmosphere that protects the Earth from harmful radiation comes from the sun

Oxygen gets compressed in iron cylinders and used in:

Hospitals during surgeries Mechanical ventilation for patients who suffer from breathing difficulties. During diving and climbing mountains. because oxygen becomes lighter when we have rise above the Earths surface cutting and welding metals when combined with acetylene gas to produce oxyacetylene flame whose temperature reaches 3500oC sufficient to melt metals.

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

19

Unit 3

The Atmosphere

lesson 1

Exercises
Explain: 1. Oxidation and combustion.
. .

2. Components of the atmosphere.

. .

Justify:(give reason) 1. Although oxygen is consumed during respiration, its percentage remains stable in the atmosphere.

2. Oxygen is created by displacing the water downward in the flask during preparation at the laboratory.

3. The atmosphere has a great importance for the continuity of life on the planet.

Oxygen has a great importance for life on the planet. Water consists of oxygen united with hydrogen. Give other examples of the importance of oxygen and its uses.

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

20

Unit 3

The Atmosphere

lesson 1

Explain:
1. Oxidation and combustion.
Combustion (burning): It is a rapid union between oxygen and elements produce heat and light. Oxidation: It is a slow union between oxygen and elements in the presence of moisture

2. Components of the atmosphere.

Nitrogen: represents 78% of the volume of the atmosphere Oxygen: represents 21% of the volume of the atmosphere The remaining part contains Carbon dioxide and other gaseous (Argon , Neon, Helium and others) and variable amount of water vapor ***************************************************************************************

Justify:
1. Although oxygen is consumed during respiration, its percentage remains stable in the atmosphere. Due to photosynthesis process doing by plants to compensate the shortage of oxygen. 2. Oxygen is collected by displacing the water downward in the flask during preparation at the laboratory. Because oxygen is scarcely dissolves in water. 3. The atmosphere has a great importance for the continuity of life on the planet Because: It contains oxygen gas for respiration and carbon dioxide gas for photosynthesis It protects earth from UV radiation coming from outer space It adjusts earths surface temperature. 4. Ozone layer has great importance in the life of creatures on the earth Surface. Because it protects the Earth from harmful radiation that comes from the sun ************************************************************************************

Explain how you get:

Oxygen from oxygen water: Oxygen from hydrogen peroxide: Oxygen water (hydrogen peroxide) is decomposed in the presence of (manganese dioxide) into oxygen gas and water. ***************************************************************************************

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

21

Unit 3

The Atmosphere

lesson 1

What would happen in the following cases?

1. There is no oxygen in the atmospheric air. Living organisms cannot do respiration process, burning process will not happen 2. A nail wetted by water is exposed several days to humid air. It will rust Choose the correct answer: 1. Oxygen is present in the atmosphere in gas state in form of molecules, its structure: (a) O. (b) O2. (c) O3. (d) O4. 2. Respiration and combustion processes consume ..gas: (a) Oxygen. (b) Nitrogen. (c) Argon. (d) Carbon dioxide 3. Hydrogen peroxide decomposes in presence of manganese dioxide to: (a) Oxygen and hydrogen. (b) Oxygen and water. (c) Hydrogen and water. (d) Hydrogen and manganese.
4. The

gas which is used with acetylene in welding metals is .... gas. (a) Oxygen (b) Nitrogen (c) Hydrogen (d) carbon dioxide

5. Hydrogen peroxide is used in preparation of: (a) Hydrogen. (b) Oxygen. (c) Nitrogen. (d) Carbon dioxide Complete: Oxygen is produced from .........process and carbon dioxide produced from ...process. Write the Scientific term: 1. A gas molecule consists of three atoms of oxygen. ( 2. A flame used in cutting and welding metals. ( Correct the following statements: Carbon dioxide gas is essential to form rust. ) )

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

22

Unit 3

The Atmosphere

lesson 1

Explain by using labeled diagram: Preparation of oxygen gas in the lab? Oxygen water (hydrogen peroxide) is decomposed in the presence of (manganese dioxide) into oxygen gas and water.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Configure the apparatus shown in the figure Pour some manganese dioxide in the flask. Fill the funnel with hydrogen peroxide. Open the faucet to allow the leaking of some hydrogen peroxide on manganese dioxide Close the faucet when the cylinder is filled with gas and then close the cylinder .mouth and get the cylinder out of the container.

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

23

Unit 3

The Atmosphere

lesson 3

Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound found in the form of a gas in its natural state in the atmosphere by a slight percentage 0.03%. Its molecule consists of one carbon atom linked with two

oxygen atoms. It has the symbol of CO2

Despite the fact that carbon dioxide is very important in the photosynthesis process of plants in order to build their bodies and compose food for all other living organisms, the increase of its percentage causes severe harms to the Earths climate and raises its temperature. Therefore, the removal of forests leads to the increase in carbon dioxide percentage in the air.

Carbon dioxide resources

Carbon dioxide is emitted as a result of the combustion of organic materials such as Wood Coal Oil Gasoline Tobacco

Carbon dioxide results from respiration of living organisms In recent years, it has been observed that the percentage of this gas in the atmosphere is rising. This is due to the burning of massive amounts of fuel in industrial plants and means of transportation engines

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

24

Unit 3

The Atmosphere

lesson 3

Preparing carbon dioxide gas

Carbon dioxide gas can be prepared from the reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate

Properties of carbon dioxide gas

It turbids the clear limewater It does not burn and does not help in combustion. So, it is used for extinguishing fires. The magnesium ribbon keeps burning and turns yinto a magnesium oxide (with white color) and the carbon (coal) deposits on the wall of the cylinder.

It is colorless and odorless. It is heavier than the air and so it is collected by displacing the air upward and replacing it. It easily dissolves in water, so it is not collected by displacing water as in preparing oxygen.

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

25

Unit 3

The Atmosphere

lesson 3

Importance and uses of carbon dioxide

Refrigeration on converting it into a liquid by pressure and cooling.

Then, pressure is relieved composing dry ice that we use in refrigeration It is used in extinguishing fires because it does not burn and does not help in burning.

It is used to make soft drinks

It is used to make bread bubbled as yeast which produces carbon dioxide by fermentation when it is added. Carbon dioxide gets expanded due to the heat making bread porous and tasty. Carbon dioxide contributes in the photosynthesis process in green plants

leading to the production of food as well as the production of oxygen.

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

26

Unit 3

The Atmosphere

lesson 3

Exercises
Suggest some experiments which prove that carbon dioxide is: 1. Is heavier than air.

2. Dissolves in water.

3. It does not burn and does not help in burning.

What happens to our lives on earth if: 1. The percentage of carbon dioxide in the air increases.

2. The percentage of carbon dioxide in the air decreases.

Justify: 1. Clear limewater is used to detect the presence carbon dioxide.

2. Carbon dioxide is used in extinguishing fires.

3. Carbon dioxide has a great importance for the continuity of life on Earth.

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

27

Unit 3

The Atmosphere

lesson 3

Give reasons for the following statements: 1. Carbon dioxide is used to extinguish fires.

2. Yeast is added to the dough on making bread.

3. Clear limewater gets turbid if carbon dioxide passes across it.

4. The environment suffers from the increase of carbon dioxide percentage.

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

28

Unit 3

The Atmosphere

lesson 3

Suggest some experiments which prove that:

1. Is heavier than air. Turn a cylinder filled with CO2 upside down on another cylinder filled with air Wait for a while Return the cylinders to the original position Put some drops of lime water in both cylinders Observation: Turbidity happens in the cylinder that previously contains air Conclusion: CO2 replace air because it is heavier than air. .

2. Carbon dioxide does not burn and does not help in burning. Turn a cylinder filled with CO2 upside down on a lighted candle. Observation: The candle put off Conclusion: Carbon dioxide does not burn and does not help in burning ************************************************************************* What happens to our lives on earth if: 1. The percentage of carbon dioxide in the air increases. The increase of its percentage causes severe harms to the Earths climate and raises its temperature. 2. The percentage of carbon dioxide in the air decreases. Plants ability to perform photosynthesis process decrease ************************************************************************* 3 Justify: 1. Clear limewater is used to detect the presence carbon dioxide. Because it gets turbid when CO2 passes through it 2. Carbon dioxide is used in extinguishing fires. Because it not burn or help in burning 3. Carbon dioxide has a great importance for the continuity of life on Earth. Because plants use it in photosynthesis process to make food and oxygen.
Science Grade 6 first term Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

29

Unit 3
3 Explain

The Atmosphere how you get:

lesson 3

1. Carbon dioxide from wood. When wood is burn carbon dioxide released. Explain the following statements: 1. Carbon dioxide is used in extinguishing fires. Because it does not burn or help in burning 2. Forest cutting and fires lead to the increase of carbon dioxide percentage in nature. Because Forest cutting and fires lead to decrease the number of trees that absorb carbon dioxide gas and use it in photosynthesis process. *************************************************************************************** Explain the following: 1. A white precipitate is formed when carbon dioxide gas passed in clear lime water. *************************************************************************************** What would happen in the following cases? 1. A glowing magnesium ribbon is placed in a gar filled by carbon dioxide gas. The magnesium ribbon keeps burning and turns into a magnesium oxide (with white color) and the carbon (coal) deposits on the wall of the cylinder 2. The percentage of carbon dioxide gas increases in the atmospheric air. The increase of its percentage causes severe harms to the Earths climate and raises its temperature *************************************************************************************** How to obtain: 1. Carbon from calcium carbonate. By adding dilute hydrochloric acid to calcium carbonate ************************************************************************************** 1. When a glowing magnesium ribbon is placed in a jar containing carbon dioxide, on the walls of the jar, the element formed is: (a) Oxygen. (c) hydrogen
Science Grade 6

(a) Nitrogen. (d) carbon

first term Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

30

Unit 3

The Atmosphere

lesson 3

2. Carbon dioxide gas is used in: (a) Steel industry . (c) ammonia industry

(b) Le nitrogne (d) yeast industry

3. Photosynthesis process in the plant depend on the presence of: (a) oxygen. (b) nitrogen. (c) carbon dioxide. (d) ozone.

4. The gas which turn lime water turbid is ................ gas. (a) Oxygen. (b) Nitrogen. (c) carbon dioxide (d) ozone

5. Which of the following can be obtained on adding dilute hydrochloric acid to calcium carbonate powder? (a) Hydrogen (b) . carbon dioxide. (c) nitrogen. (d) oxygen.

*************************************************************************************** Explain ,how to obtain each of the following: 1. Carbon dioxide from calcium carbonate powder. By adding dilute hydrochloric acid to calcium carbonate *************************************************************************************** Write the scientific term for the following: A gas used in photosynthesis process. *************************************************************************************** Give reasons for the following : 1. The environment suffers from the increase of carbon dioxide percentage. Because the increase of CO2 percentage causes severe harms to the Earths climate and raises its temperature. 2. The yeast is added to dough. To produces carbon dioxide by fermentation when it is added. Carbon dioxide gets expanded due to the heat making bread porous and tasty.

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

31

Unit 3

The Atmosphere

lesson 3

Nitrogen
The existence of nitrogen They need nitrogen to live as nitrogen composes the most important part in protein Nitrogen represents 78% of the Earths atmosphere and contributes in the composition of all living tissues in all living organisms. Nitrogen oxides are formed in the atmosphere during lightening which reaches soil with rain water

Legumes such as clover, peas and soybeans produce proteins from atmospheric nitrogen by the help of a specific type of bacteria that live in their roots.

Preparation of nitrogen in the laboratory

Air passes through the solution of sodium or potassium hydroxide to absorb small amounts of carbon dioxide from the air. Then air pass over the hot copper to combine with oxygen formed in the air.

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

32

Unit 3

The Atmosphere

lesson 3

Nitrogen is a colorless, tasteless and odorless .gas. Properties of nitrogen: It scarcely dissolves in water. It does not help in burning.

When it combines with a lighted magnesium .ribbon composing a white substance. By adding a little water, a very pungent smell ammonia emits. Nitrogen can be condensed to a liquefied state. The importance and uses of nitrogen:
1 Nitrogen is recently used in filling car tires for the relative constancy of its volume at the change of temperature. 2 3 4 5 6 7 Liquid nitrogen is used as a treatment to skin tumors It contributes in composing gunpowder .and ammonium nitrates included in the composition of soil fertilizers Liquid nitrogen is used for cooling food .products with the aim of preservation or transferring purposes It is commercially used in the manufacture of ammonia to produce fertilizers Nitrogen is used as an inactive material in .the tanks of liquefied explosives and during the manufacture of electronic devices 8 Small amounts of nitrogen are used to fill .some types of lamps.

Nitrogen is used to make stainless steel

It is used to store petroleum and some flammable materials.

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

33

Unit 3

The Atmosphere

lesson 3

Exercises
Write () in front of the correct statements and (X) in front of the false ones and correct the underlined if incorrect: 1. Nitrogen reacts easily with other elements. ( ) 2. Legumes such as clover and peas benefit from the nitrogen in the air. ( ) 3. Nitrogen is also called azote which means life less gas. ( ) 4. Nitrogen is used as an inactive material in the tanks of liquefied explosives and flammable materials. ( ) Justify: 1. Nitrogen is recently used in filling car tires.
..

2. Liquefied nitrogen is used for cooling food products and medicines.

..

3. The main source of nitrogen is the air.

4. We prepare nitrogen by passing air across the sodium hydroxide or potassium.

5. Nitrogen contributes in the composition of all living tissues.

Explain how you get: 1. Nitrogen from the air.

..

2. Oxygen from oxygen water.

..

3. Carbon dioxide from wood.

..

4. Ammonia from nitrogen.

..

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

34

Unit 3

The Atmosphere

lesson 3

Unit (3) Test

Put () front of the correct statements and (X) in front of the false ones and correct the underlined word: 1. The nodular bacteria fix air oxygen in roots of leguminous plants such as beans and clover. ( ) 2. Characteristics of nitrogen are that it is a colorless, odorless and tasteless and easily dissolves in water. ( ) Justify 1. Nitrogen is used in filling cars tires.
..

2. Nitrogen is used to store petroleum and some flammable materials.

..

3. The main source of nitrogen preparation is the air.

..

Explain the following statements: 1. Nitrogen contributes in the composition of all living tissues

..

2. Forest cutting and fires lead to the increase of carbon dioxide percentage in nature.
..

3. Carbon dioxide is used to extinguish fires.

..

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

35

Unit 3

The Atmosphere

lesson 3

Write ( ) in front of the correct statements and (X ) in front of the false ones and correct the underlined if incorrect: 1. Nitrogen reacts easily with other elements. ( ) 2. Legumes such as clover and peas benefit from the nitrogen in the air. ( ) 3. Nitrogen is also called azote which means life less gas. ( ) 4. Nitrogen is used as an inactive material in the tanks of liquefied explosives and flammable materials. ( ) Justify: Nitrogen is recently used in filling car tires. Due to relative constancy of its volume at the change of temperature. Liquefied nitrogen is used for cooling food products and medicines. To preserve them The main source of nitrogen is the air. Because nitrogen represents 78% of air volume We prepare nitrogen by passing air across sodium hydroxide or potassium. To absorb carbon dioxide Nitrogen contributes in the composition of all living tissues. Because it composes the most important part in proteins

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Explain how you get: 1. Nitrogen from the air. By passing atmospheric air on sodium hydroxide then on heated copper Put ( ) front of the correct statements and ( ) in front of the false ones and correct the underlined word: 1. The nodular bacteria fix air oxygen in roots of leguminous plants 2. Characteristics of nitrogen are that it is a colorless, odorless and tasteless and easily dissolves in water. ( )

Explain the following statements: Nitrogen contributes in the composition of all living tissues.
Because it composes the most important part in proteins

Justify; 1. Nitrogen is used in filling cars tires.

Due to relative constancy of its volume at the change of temperature

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

36

Unit 3

The Atmosphere

lesson 3

2. The main source of nitrogen preparation is the air. Because it forms 78% of the volume of air ********************************************************************** 1. Which of the following gases have great percentage in atmospheric air:
(a) Oxygen (c) carbon dioxide. (b) . nitrogen. (d) water vapor.

2. When a glowing magnesium ribbon is placed in a gar contains nitrogen gas then adding a little of water . gas evolves:
(a) oxygen (c) ammonia. (b) nitrogen. (d) hydrogen.

What would happen in the following cases? Nitrogen is not present in the atmospheric air. Plants cannot make proteins How to obtain: 1. Ammonia from atmospheric air. By passing atmospheric air on sodium hydroxide then on heated copper ,so we can obtain nitrogen gas , then we place a glowing magnesium ribbon in a jar containing nitrogen then adding a little amount of water so ammonia is formed. *********************************************************************** What happens if? We get rid of soil bacteria? Plants cannot make proteins Explain the following: 1. Nitrogen gas is used in the atmosphere of the stores of explosive liquids. Because it is an inactive material . A - Write one difference between: Oxygen gas and nitrogen gas.
Oxygen is not burn put help in burning nitrogen is not burn and does not help in burning

Write the Scientific term: A gas used in ammonia industry.

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

37

Unit 4

Structure and Function of the living Organisms

lesson 1

Human nervous system

Your nervous system is a communication and controlling device It consists of the brain, the spinal cord and nerves This important system receives information from your environment and from your body Then, it interprets this information and makes the body respond to it. Your nervous system lets you know if things are hot, cold, sweet, bitter, rough or smooth It adjusts your movements, protects you from harm, makes you feel pain, makes you solve problems and learn music In addition, the nervous system adjusts the responses that require emotions It makes you happy, sad, angry or calm. You will not be mistaken if you think that the nervous system is of the most importance to your body It oversees the multiple functions performed by the human body such as moving, feeding, digestion, breathing, thinking and others. Then, it coordinates and requlates them The nervous system consists of two major systems:
The central nervous system. The peripheral nervous system.

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

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Unit 4

Structure and Function of the living Organisms

lesson 1

The neuron
The basic structure unit of the nervous system.
1

Cell body
it contains a nucleus, cytoplasm and a plasma membrane There are some branches extending from the neuron's body called dendrites

Axon
It is a cylindrical axis covered with a fatty layer called myelin sheath
The axon ends with nerve endings (Axon terminals)

Function of Axon terminals Function of dendrites

connected to muscles or form a synapse with other neurons

connected to neighboring neurons composing the synapse

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

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Unit 4

Structure and Function of the living Organisms

lesson 1

Human nervous system

1

Central nervous system

Peripheral nervous system The spinal cord

The brain
2

It is the main control center in your body

It directs and coordinates all the processes, ideas, behaviors and emotions The brain is located inside a bony box called the skull that works to protect it It is a nerve block containing millions of nerve cells Cerebellum It is more complicated than the computer.
3 1

Medulla oblongata

Cerebrum

It is the largest part of the brain It is divided into a right and a left halves which are called the cerebral hemispheres The outer surface of the hemispheres is called cerebral cortex and it is gray The hemispheres are characterized by having many convolutions and folds on their surface.

the most important functions of the hemispheres are

Controlling the voluntary movements of the body such as running in races Receiving nerve impulses from sense organs (eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin) and send appropriate responses to these impulses Contain the centers of thinking and memory

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

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Unit 4

Structure and Function of the living Organisms

lesson 1

Cerebrum
2

The brain
3

Medulla oblongata
It is located in front of the cerebellum It connects the brain with the spinal cord

Cerebellum
Cerebellum lies at the back area of the brain below two hemispheres

Its most important functions

regulating the involuntary processes of the body as:
Regulating heart beats Regulating the movement of the respiratory system parts during breathing. Regulating the movements and functions of the digestive system.

Its most important functions

Maintaining the balance of the body during movement

Spinal cord Its most important functions

The spinal cord extends in a channel within a series of vertebrae in the backbone It is cylindrical and the spinal nerves extend from it. spinal cord consists of an internal substance that is the grey matter and it appears in the shape of letter H surrounded by the white matter It is responsible for the reflexes such as the withdrawal of the hand quickly on touching a hot surface. It delivers nerve messages from body organs to brain and vice versa.

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

41

Unit 4

Structure and Function of the living Organisms

lesson 1

The peripheral nervous system

It is the nerves which emerge from the central nervous system;

Its most important functions

get sensory information and kinetic responses between the central nervous system and all parts of the body.
1 2

cranial nerves 12 pairs of nerves which emerge from the brain

spinal nerves.

31 pairs of nerves emerge from the spinal cord

Reflex action Automatic response of the body to different stimuli

1 2

The severity of the thorns affects the nerve endings in the fingers resulting in nerve impulses. Nerve impulses are transmitted to the spinal cord through a sensory nerve fiber

Nerve impulses are transmitted from the spinal cord through a motor nerve fiber to arm muscles (without the 3 brains intervention). Muscles contract and the arm withdraws away from the thorns 4 Other nerve impulses are transmitted from the spinal cord to the sensory centers in the brain which leads to the true sense of pain Withdrawing the hand quickly when it touches a hot surface. 2 Blinking when something gets close to the eye.

Explanation of the reflex action

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

42

Unit 4

Structure and Function of the living Organisms

lesson 1

The importance of the human nervous system and ways of maintaining it.
Now, it is clear that the nervous system has a special importance because its main function is: 1. To carry nerve messages from one of the areas of the body to another area. 2. It works on regulating and coordinating all the vital processes within the body. 3. It also receives the external stimuli that surround the human being through the sensory organs and identifies and interprets them.

Ways of maintaining the human nervous system

1. Reducing the intake of the stimulating substances such as coffee and

others as they affect sleeping periods and heart beats and lead to nervous tension as well.
2. Stay away from tranquilizers and stimulants. 3. Not exhausting the sensory organs by sitting for long periods in front of

the computer and television.

4. Giving the body a sufficient period of rest especially during sleep. 5. Avoiding extreme exciting situations. 6. Staying away from sources of pollution because they passively affect

the nervous system as noisy places and smoke emitted from exhausts of cars, factories, etc.
7. Doing physical exercises.

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

43

Unit 4

Structure and Function of the living Organisms

lesson 1

Exercises
Choose the correct answer:
1. The number of cranial nerves is . pairs of nerves. A.31 B. 21 C. 12 2. The grey matter in the spinal cord appears in the shape of letter .. A. H B. F C. A 3. The cerebellum is responsible for .. A. thinking B. the bodys balance C. the reflex 4. One of the components of nerve cell is the presence of .. A. Blood vessels B. cover of myelin C. dendrites 5. . controls reflex actions A. Spinal cord B. Cerebellum C. cerebrum

Write the scientific term for each of the following statements:

1. 2. 3. 4. Automatic response of the body to different stimuli. Part of the nervous system responsible for reflex actions. The basic structure unit of the nervous system. Linked to the brain through the spinal cord and is responsible for involuntary actions. 5. Consists of a grey matter in the form of H letter surrounded by the white matter.

Locate the following parts in the human body:

1. Cerebellum
.

2. Spinal cord
.

3. Hemispheres
.

4. Medulla oblongata
.

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

44

Unit 4

Structure and Function of the living Organisms

lesson 1

Mention the importance of:

1. Medulla oblongata.
.

2. Spinal cord.
.

3. Skull.
.

4. Cerebellum.
.

5. The two hemispheres.

.

What happens when:

1. Sitting for long times in front of the computer.
.

2. Your finger gets pricked by plant thorns.

.

3. Continuous exposure to contaminated air from factories smoke.

.

4. Approaching something to the eye.

.

Give reasons for each of the following:

1. Damage of the medulla oblongata causes death.
. .

2. The brain is located inside the skull and the spinal cord extends through the inside of the backbone.
. .

3. It is important not to take sleeping pills without the doctors prescription.

. .

4. Withdrawal of the hand quickly when it suddenly touches a hot surface.

. .

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

45

Unit 4

Structure and Function of the living Organisms

lesson 2

Human Locomotory System

Movement is the ability of the organism to change its position from a place to another. It is one of the characteristics that distinguish living organisms from non-living things. Movement is one of the most prominent life aspects in the human life. It helps man to move from one place to another seeking benefit or away from harm. Movement occurs with participation and integration of special organs and systems such as the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems that regulate and coordinate the required movement.

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

46

Unit 4

Structure and Function of the living Organisms

lesson 2

Human locomotory system skeletal system

1

muscular system
2

Axial skeleton
1 2

Appendicular skeleton
3

skull
is a bony box that contains cavities for the eyes, ears and nose. . Its function protect the brain

ribcage
consists of 12 pairs of ribs. The first ten pairs are connected anteriorly to the sternum (breastbone). Its function
allow the body to bend in

backbone
consists of 33 vertebrae with

cartilages between them to

prevent their friction during movement. . Its function
protect the lungs and

different directions protect the spinal cord .

the heart helping in the inhalation and exhalation processes

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first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

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Unit 4

Structure and Function of the living Organisms

lesson 2

Appendicular skeleton:
1 2 It consists of the bones of upper and lower limbs.

Bones of the upper limbs

are connected to the shoulder bones humerus bone, forearm bones and hand bones the function to allow eating, drinking, writing and holding things

Bones of the lower limbs

Femur, shaft bones and foot bones

the function to allow ..walking, running, standing, sitting and carrying the rest of the body.

Joints and their significance to movement

Joints are three types

1
Immovable joints

2
Slightly movable joints

3
Freely movable joints

such as the joints between the bones of the skull. They do not allow any movement.

they allow movement in one direction only such as the knee and elbow joints.

they allow movement in all directions such as the shoulder, wrist and thigh joints

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

48

Unit 4

Structure and Function of the living Organisms

lesson 2

The role of the muscles in performing movement

Our muscular system is considered the engine of our body Muscles generate mechanical energy and movement to the body Movement is generated by the ability of muscular cells to contract and relax Muscles are fixed to bones by long strips called tendons You may be able to move your muscles willingly such as the limbs, trunk, face and abdominal wall muscles. They are called the voluntary muscles There are other types of muscles that work automatically and you can not control or even be aware of their movements such as The gastrointestinal tract, The blood vessels and The bladder muscles. They are called involuntary muscles.

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

49

Unit 4

Structure and Function of the living Organisms

lesson 2

How can you maintain your Locomotory system?

1. Commitment on vaccinating children according to Ministry of Healths instructions as well as giving children polio vaccinations at accurate times. 2. Eating healthy food rich in calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D to prevent bone diseases such as steomalacia and rickets. 3. Avoiding any behavior that leads to fractures and sprains such as jumping from high places and making violent movements. 4. Avoid carrying heavy things that exceed your ability to protect the skeleton, especially your backbone. 5. Sitting and standing correctly during studying or reading to avoid straining the neck or backbone vertebrae. 6. Exposing the body to sunlight for suitable periods due to its importance in providing the body with vitamin D. 7. Exercising regularly.

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

50

Unit 4

Structure and Function of the living Organisms

lesson 2

Exercises
Write the scientific term for each of the following statements:
1. 2. 3. 4. Structure which consists of the skull, backbone and rib cage. Axis of the skeleton in the human body. What fixes muscles to bones. The type of skeleton which includes the bones of upper and the lower limbs. 5. Two bones meeting area.
Determine the type of the following joints:

1. The knee joint. 2. Elbow joint. 3. Shoulder joint.

The following figure shows the arm in two different cases:

1. Write the names of the bones and the muscles on the figure in the two different cases. 2. Describe what happens to the muscles during each case.

What happens if:

1. Hip joint has a limited movement.

2. The front arm muscle relaxes and the back arm muscle contracts.

How can you maintain your Locomotory system? Rewrite the following statements after correcting the underlined words:

1. The skeleton of lower limb consists of hummers bone, 2 fore arm bones and bones of the hand. 2. Knee joint is a freely movable joint. 3. Shoulder joint is an immovable joint. 4. Joints link bones with muscles. 5. Tendons are the sites of bones meeting.
Science Grade 6 first term Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

51

Unit 4

Structure and Function of the living Organisms

lesson 2

Unit (4) Test

Choose the correct answer:
1. Myelin sheath surrounds the................. A. Nerve cell axon. B. cerebellum. C. spinal cord. 2. Reflex action takes place through the ................. A. medulla oblongata. B. cerebral hemispheres. C. spinal cord. 3. The joint in the location of meeting of ................. A two bones. B. a muscle with a bone. C. two muscles. 4. ................ are what fix muscles in bones. A .Tendons. B. Joints. C. Muscle fibers. 5. Skulls joints are ................. A. immovable. B. slightly movable. C. free movable.

Give the scientific term for each of the following statements:

1. The building unit of nervous system. 2. What fixes muscles in bones. 3. The organ which consists of an internal H-shaped grey matter surrounded with a white matter. 4. The autonomic body response towards different stimuli. 5. The skeleton which includes the upper and lower limbs.

Mention the location of the following parts in human body:

1. Medulla oblongata.
.

2. The H-shaped grey matter.

.

3. The cerebellum.
.

4. The spinal cord.

State the importance of each of the following:

1. Tendons. 2. Cerebellum.

. .

3. Joints.
.

4. Cerebral hemispheres.
.

5. Rib cage.
.

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

52

Unit 4

Structure and Function of the living Organisms

lesson 2

Give reasons:
1. The rapid withdrawal of the hand on sudden touching thorns of a plant.
. . .

2. Muscles play an important role in human movement.

. . .

3. Damage of medulla oblongata may lead to death.

. . .

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

53

General Revision

General revision
Complete the following sentences:
1. The measurement unit of mass is ....... Or the measurement unit of weight is .......
.......

Whereas

2. Mass is measured by ....... Whereas weight is measured by ....... 3. Mass is a constant and is not affected by ....... 4. An objects weight depends on .............. , ....... and ....... 5. As the weight of the planet increases the weight of body on it ....... 6. The weight of the body on earth surface 6 Newton ,so its weight on moon surface equals....... 7. The mass of a body on the moon surface is 10 kg so its mass on earth surface equals....... 8. From the tools of measuring weight....... 9. The weight of a body its mass 200 gm on earth surface nearly equals 10. The Newton is nearly equals weight of a body its mass....... gram 11. The mass of half liter of water equals....... gram 12. If the weight of a body is 20 Newton , its mass equals 13. All metals are ....... Conductors of heat. 14.
....... Conducts

heat faster than aluminum.

15. Some examples of good conductors of heat are ....... and ....... 16. Some usages of good conductors of heat are..,. ....... and ........ 17. Some examples of bad conductors of heat are ....... and ....... 18. Some usages of bad conductors of heat are ......,. ....... and
.......

19. The holder of cooking pans is made of ....... 20. The scale of the medical thermometer starts from....... and ends at
.......

21.

....... from

substances which the heat cannot pass through it.

first term Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

Science Grade 6

54

General Revision
22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
....... thermometer

is used in measuring the temperatures of different

liquids. The scale of the ...........thermometer starts from 35 to 42. ...........is a bad conductor of heat. ...........is a good conductor of heat. There is a constriction in the ......... thermometer. Form the kinds of thermometers are ......... and .......... The Celsius thermometer is used in .......... whereas the medical thermometer is used in.......... The thermometer is .......... We measure temperature by using .......... ......... is used in measuring temperatures of different liquids whereas ......... is used in measuring the temperature of the human body The clinical thermometer is graduated from ................ to .................. The ................ thermometer is used for measuring the temperature of the human being. The scale of the ................ thermometer starts from zero until 100 Celsius degree. The ................ thermometer is used for measuring the temperature of liquids. There is a constriction above the bulb in the ................ thermometer. The used liquid in the medical thermometer is ................. Oxygen is produced from ................ process and carbon dioxide produced from ................Process. .................gas not burn and not help burning. Oxygen is prepared from ................ in presence of ................. The gas which is used with acetylene in welding metals is .... gas. Oxygen is present in the atmosphere in gas state in form of molecules ,its structure is .. When a glowing magnesium ribbon is placed in a gar contains nitrogen gas then adding a little of water . gas evolves .................can be obtained on adding dilute hydrochloric acid to calcium carbonate powder. When a glowing magnesium ribbon is placed in a jar containing carbon dioxide, on the walls of the jar, the element formed is.................
first term Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

Science Grade 6

55

General Revision
46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. ................. is from the component of explosives. ................. gas cannot reacts easily with other elements. such as clover and peas benefit from the nitrogen in the air. ................. is also called azote which means life less gas ................. gas is used as an inactive material in the tanks of liquefied explosives and flammable materials. The nodular bacteria fix air................. in roots of leguminous plants such as beans and clover The human skeletal system consists of ................ and ................. The number of cranial nerves is . pairs of nerves. The grey matter in the spinal cord appears in the shape of letter .. The cerebellum is responsible for .. One of the components of nerve cell is the presence of .. . controls reflex actions The skeleton of . consists of humerus bone, 2 fore arm bones and bones of the hand. . joint is a freely movable joint. . joint is an immovable joint. Joints link bones with muscles. . are the sites of bones meeting Myelin sheath surrounds the................. Reflex action takes place through the................. The joint in the location of meeting of................. ................ are what fix muscles in bones. Skulls joints are.................. .................is responsible for keeping the body balance Medulla oblongata is responsible for................. The number of nerves in human body is ................. The axial skeleton in the man consists of ................, ................ and ................. The number of vertebrae of vertebral column is ................. The number of cranial nerves is ................ And the number of spinal nerves is.. The joints of the ..are from limited movements joints

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

56

General Revision

Write the scientific term:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. The amount of matter in an object. The force with which a body is attracted to the Earth. The measurement unit of mass which is almost equal to a mass liter of water. The measurement unit of weight which is almost equal to a mass 100 grams. A device used to measure the temperature of the atmosphere. A device used to measure the temperature of the human being. The liquid used in making thermometers. A device used to measure temperature. The materials that allow the flow of heat inside. The materials that do not allow the flow of heat inside. A system responsible for integration and coordination between systems of the human body. A device used to measure the mass of objects. Materials that let heat flow through. An organ responsible for the reflux actions of the body. Materials that do not let heat flow through A tool used to measure body weight. A gas used in photosynthesis process. Spontaneous response from the body to the different stimuli. The amount of matter that the body contains. The center of main control in human body. a tool used to measure human body temperature The amount of matter that the body contains . Tools used to measure the temperature . A gas used to put off fires . A gas molecules consists of three atoms of oxygen . A part of nervous system responsible for reflex action . The location of bones touch and allow moving . The attraction force of the earth to the body. A flame used in cutting and welding metals. A gas used in ammonia industry.
first term Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

Science Grade 6

57

General Revision
31. The center of the main control in human body. 32. Ligaments ties muscles with bone. 33. Areas between vertebrae of vertebral column separate and protect from friction between them. 34. Structure which consists of the skull, backbone and rib cage. 35. Axis of the skeleton in the human body. 36. What fixes muscles to bones. 37. The type of skeleton which includes the bones of upper and the lower limbs. 38. Two bones meeting area. 39. Automatic response of the body to different stimuli. 40. Part of the nervous system responsible for reflex actions. 41. The basic structure unit of the nervous system. 42. Linked to the brain through the spinal cord and is responsible for involuntary actions. 43. Consists of a grey matter in the form of H letter surrounded by the white matter

Write an explanation for each of the following:

1. The force of the moons gravity is lesser than the Earths gravity. Because the mass of the moon is less than the mass of the earth. 2. Aluminum is used in manufacturing of cooking pans . Because it is a bad conductor of heat. 3. The handles of cooking utensils are made of wood or plastics. Because it is a bad conductor of heat. 4. There is a constriction in the medical thermometer. 5. In the clinical thermometer there is a constriction in the capillary tube above mercury reservoir. 6. There is a restriction in the capillary tube above mercury reservoir in clinical thermometer. To prevent mercury from returning back quickly to the bulb, so we can measure the temperature correctly. 7. Mercury is used in thermometers. 8. The mercury is used in manufacture of thermometers. Because mercury is: A liquid metal that can be seen easily through the thermometer glass. A good conductor of heat.
Science Grade 6 first term Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

58

General Revision
A regular expanding material which gives an accurate estimation. Not stick to the walls of the capillary tube. 9. The clinical thermometer is not used to measure boiling point of water. Because the scale of the medical thermometer is from 35 oC to 42. oC , while water boils at 100 oC , so if we put it in boiling water it will damage. 10. The mercury gives wide range to measure the temperature. Because it freezes at -39 oC and boil a 357 oC 11. Although oxygen is consumed during respiration, its percentage remains stable in the atmosphere. Due to photosynthesis process doing by plants. 12. Oxygen is created by displacing the water downward in the flask during preparation at the laboratory. 13. During oxygen preparation the gas is collected by down displacement of water in the jar. Because it is scarcely dissolve in water. 14. The mass of aluminum wire increases after heating till it becomes red. Due to the combination between aluminum and oxygen. 15. Ozone layer has great importance in the life of creatures on the earth Surface. Because it protects the earth from harmful radiations (U.V)coming from the sun 16. Nitrogen gas is used in the atmosphere of the stores of explosive liquids. Because it is inactive gas. 17. The atmosphere has a great importance for the continuity of life on the planet. Because it: Contains oxygen gas for respiration and carbon dioxide gas for photosynthesis Protects the earth from U.V radiation coming from the outer space Regulates earths surface temperature. 18. Clear limewater is used to detect the presence carbon dioxide. Because it turns milky when carbon dioxide pass through it 19. Carbon dioxide is used in extinguishing fires. Because it doesnt burn or help in burning.

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

59

General Revision
20. Carbon dioxide has a great importance for the continuity of life on Earth. Because it is used in photosynthesis process doing by plants. 21. The yeast is added to dough. 22. Yeast is added to the dough on making bread. To produce carbon dioxide gas that expand by heating making bread porous and tasty. 23. Clear limewater gets turbid if carbon dioxide passes across it. 24. A white precipitate is formed when carbon dioxide gas passed in clear lime water. 25. Due to formation of calcium carbonate that doesnt dissolve in water. 26. The environment suffers from the increase of carbon dioxide percentage. Because it leads to increase earth temperature and harmful climate changes. 27. Nitrogen is recently used in filling car tires. 28. Nitrogen is used in filling cars and airplanes tires Due to the relative constancy of its volume when temperature change. 29. Liquefied nitrogen is used for cooling food products and medicines. To preserve food and medicines. 30. The main source of nitrogen is the air Because it represents 78% percent of air volume. 31. We prepare nitrogen by passing air across the sodium hydroxide or potassium. To absorb carbon dioxide gas. 32. Nitrogen contributes in the composition of all living tissues. Because it is the main component of protein. 33. Forest cutting and fires lead to the increase of carbon dioxide percentage in nature. Because it causes decrease in plants that absorb carbon dioxide in photosynthesis process. 34. Damage of the medulla oblongata causes death. 35. The infection of medulla oblongata leads to death. Because it controls the involuntary process (like heart beats) 36. The brain is located inside the skull and the spinal cord extends through the inside of the backbone. To protect them. 37. It is important not to take sleeping pills without the doctors prescription.
Science Grade 6 first term Mr.Zakaria Ahmad

60

General Revision
To keep your nervous system. Withdrawal of the hand quickly when it suddenly touches a hot surface. The rapid withdrawal of the hand on sudden touching thorns of a plant. Due to reflex action by the spinal cord. Muscles play an important role in human movement. Because they generate the mechanical energy and movement to the body. The rib cage surrounds both the heart and the lungs. To protect them. It is essential to heat healthy food which is reach in calcium and phosphorus. To avoid bone diseases like rickets.

38. 39. 40. 41. 42.

What happens if
1. The percentage of carbon dioxide in the air increases. The earths surface temperature increase 2. The percentage of carbon dioxide in the air decreases. Plants ability to perform photosynthesis process decrease. 3. Sitting for long times in front of the computer. It will harm your nervous system. 4. Your finger gets pricked by plant thorns. 5. When you put your hand suddenly on a hot surface? A reflex action happens by spinal cord to move your hand away . 6. Continuous exposure to contaminated air from factories smoke. It will harm your nervous system. 7. Approaching something to the eye. A reflex action happen by spinal cord leads to blinking of your eye.. 8. Hip joint has a limited movement. The lower limb cant move in all directions. 9. The front arm muscle relaxes and the back arm muscle contracts. The fore arm move away from the humerus. 10. All substances that the man uses are good conductor of heat. We cannot make handles of cooking pots. 11. A nail wetted by water is exposed several days to humid air. It will rust. 12. A man is exposing to noise continuously.
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General Revision
It will ham his nervous system There is no oxygen in the atmospheric air. We cant respire or burn anything. When the shoulder joints becomes from the limited movement joint. The upper limb cant move in all directions Drinking big quantities of soft drink. It will affect sleeping periods, heart beats and leads to nervous tension. All the bones of the human body are without joints? We cannot move our bodies. We get rid of soil bacteria? The plants cannot get nitrogen compounds to make protein. Nitrogen is not present in the atmospheric air. Plants cannot make protein. A glowing magnesium ribbon is placed in a gar filled by carbon dioxide gas. It will keep burning, and a white substance formed, a black substance formed on the walls of the cylinder. There are no joints in the skeleton. We cannot move our bodies. The knee joint becomes from wide movement joints. We cannot walk or stand easy. Continuous exposing to the noise. It will harm the nervous system. The over use of stimulation drugs. It will harm the nervous system.

13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.

20. 21. 22. 23.

Explain how you get:

1. Nitrogen from the air.
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General Revision
By passing air in conc. Sodium hydroxide solution to absorb carbon dioxide , then on heated copper to combine with oxygen, the we collect nitrogen by displacement water downward. 2. Oxygen from oxygen water. By decomposition of oxygen water (hydrogen peroxide) in the presence of manganese dioxide. 3. Carbon dioxide from wood. By burning of wood. 4. Ammonia from nitrogen. By placed a lighted magnesium in a gar filled with nitrogen gas , the add a small amount of water to the substance the remains from burning, ammonia will produces. 5. Carbon dioxide from calcium carbonate powder. By adding dil. Hydrochloric acid to calcium carbonate. 6. Ammonia from atmospheric air. By passing air in conc. Sodium hydroxide solution to absorb carbon dioxide , then on heated copper to combine with oxygen, the we collect nitrogen by displacement water downward .then placed a lighted magnesium in a gar filled with nitrogen gas , the add a small amount of water to the substance the remains from burning, ammonia will produces.

Locate the following parts in the human body:

1. Cerebellum : in the back area of the brain below the two hemispheres 2. Spinal cord : in a channel in the back bone
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General Revision
3. Hemispheres : in the skull 4. Medulla oblongata: in the front of the cerebellum. 5. The H-shaped grey matter: in the inner part of the spinal cord surrounded by the white matter.

Mention the importance of:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Medulla oblongata: control the involuntary processes. Spinal cord: control reflexes, and connect the brain to all body parts. Skull: protect the brain. Cerebellum: keep the body balance during movement. The two hemispheres: Controlling the voluntary movements of the body such as running in races. Receiving nerve impulses from sense organs (eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin) and send appropriate responses to these impulses. Contain the centers of thinking and memory. Spring balance: measuring body weight. Clinical thermometer: measuring temperature of human body. Nitrogen gas: filling car tires. Cartilages between the vertebrae of the backbone: prevent friction during movement Nerves: transfer impulses from the central nervous system to all body parts and vice versa Mercury in the medical thermometer: measuring temperature of human body The vertebral column :protect the spinal cord , allow body to bend Theoretic cage: protects the heart and the lungs.

Determine the type of the following joints:

1. 2. 3. The knee joint: slightly movable. Elbow joint: slightly movable. Shoulder joint: freely movable.

Complete the following sentences:

1. The measurement unit of mass is gram Or Kg Whereas the measurement unit of weight is Newton.
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2. Mass is measured by balance scale Whereas weight is measured by spring scale. 3. Mass is a constant and is not affected by changing the place 4. An objects weight depends on the mass of the object, the planet where the object exists and distance from the center of the planet. 5. As the weight of the planet increases the weight of body on it increase. 6. The weight of the body on earth surface 6 Newton ,so its weight on moon surface equals 1 Newton. 7. The mass of a body on the moon surface is 10 kg so its mass on earth surface equals 10 Kg 8. The weight of a body its mass 200 gm on earth surface nearly equals 2 Newton. 9. The Newton is nearly equals weight of a body its mass 100 gram. 10. If the weight of a body is 20 Newton, its mass equals 2 Kg. 11. All metals are good conductors of heat. 12. Copper Conducts heat faster than aluminum. 13. Some examples of good conductors of heat are Copper and iron 14. Some usages of good conductors of heat are making cooking pots, making kettles and cooking utensils 15. Some examples of bad conductors of heat are wood and plastic 16. Some usages of bad conductors of heat are making handles of cooking pots making iron handles and making blankets 17. The holder of cooking pans is made of wood or plastic. 18. The scale of the medical thermometer starts from 35 oC and ends at 42 oC 19. Wood from substances which the heat cannot pass through it. 20. Celsius thermometer is used in measuring the temperatures of different liquids. 21. The scale of the medical (clinical) thermometer starts from 35 oC to 42 oC. 22. There is a constriction in the medical thermometer. 23. Form the kinds of thermometers are Celsius and medical

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24. The Celsius thermometer is used in measuring temperature of liquids whereas the medical thermometer is used in measuring temperature of the human body 25. The thermometer is a device used to measure temperature 26. We measure temperature by using the thermometers 27. Celsius thermometer is used in measuring temperatures of different liquids whereas medical (clinical) thermometer is used in measuring the temperature of the human body 28. The scale of the Celsius thermometer starts from zero until 100 Celsius degree. 29. There is a constriction above the bulb in the medical (clinical) thermometer. 30. The used liquid in the medical thermometer is mercury. 31. Oxygen is produced from photosynthesis process and carbon dioxide produced from respiration Process. 32. Oxygen is prepared from hydrogen peroxide in presence of manganese dioxide. 33. The gas which is used with acetylene in welding metals is oxygen gas. 34. Oxygen is present in the atmosphere in gas state in form of molecules ,its structure is O2 35. Carbon dioxide gas can be obtained on adding dilute hydrochloric acid to calcium carbonate powder. 36. Carbon dioxide gas not burn and not helps burning. 37. When a glowing magnesium ribbon is placed in a jar containing carbon dioxide, on the walls of the jar, the element formed is Carbon 38. Nitrogen is from the component of explosives. 39. Nitrogen gas cannot reacts easily with other elements. 40. When a glowing magnesium ribbon is placed in a gar contains nitrogen gas then adding a little of water ammonia gas evolves 41. Legumes such as clover and peas benefit from the nitrogen in the air. 42. Nitrogen is also called azote which means life less gas 43. Nitrogen gas is used as an inactive material in the tanks of liquefied explosives and flammable materials. 44. The nodular bacteria fix air nitrogen in roots of leguminous plants such as beans and clover
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45. The human skeletal system consists of axial skeleton and Appendicular skeleton. 46. The number of cranial nerves is 12 pairs of nerves. 47. The grey matter in the spinal cord appears in the shape of letter Carbon 48. The cerebellum is responsible for keeping body balance. 49. Spinal cord controls reflex actions 50. The skeleton of upper limbs consists of humerus bone, 2 fore arm bones and bones of the hand. 51. Shoulder joint is a freely movable joint. 52. The skull joint is an immovable joint. Joints link bones with muscles. 53. Joints are the sites of bones meeting 54. Myelin sheath surrounds the axon of the neuron 55. Reflex action takes place through the spinal cord. 56. The joint in the location of meeting of two bones 57. Tendons are what fix muscles in bones. 58. Skulls joints are immovable. 59. Cerebellum is responsible for keeping the body balance 60. Medulla oblongata is responsible for controlling the involuntary processes. 61. The axial skeleton in the man consists of the skull , the back bone and the rib cage. 62. The number of vertebrae of vertebral column is 33 63. The number of cranial nerves is 12 pairs And the number of spinal nerves is 31 pairs 64. The joints of the elbow are from limited movements joints

Write the scientific term:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The amount of matter in an object. Mass The amount of matter that the body contains. Mass The force with which a body is attracted to the Earth. Weight The attraction force of the earth to the body. Mass The measurement unit of mass which is almost equal to a mass liter of water.
Kg
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6. The measurement unit of weight which is almost equal to a mass 100 grams. Newton 7. A device used to measure the mass of objects. Balance scale 8. A tool used to measure body weight. Spring scale 9. A device used to measure the temperature of the atmosphere. Celsius thermometer. 10. A device used to measure the temperature of the human being. Medical (clinical) thermometer 11. The liquid used in making thermometers. mercury 12. A device used to measure temperature. Thermometer. 13. Tools used to measure the temperature. thermometer 14. The materials that allow the flow of heat inside. Good conductors of heat 15. The materials that do not allow the flow of heat inside. Bad conductors of heat 16. a tool used to measure human body temperature medical thermometer. 17. Materials that let heat flow through. Good conductors of heat 18. Materials that do not let heat flow through. bad conductors of heat 19. A gas used in photosynthesis process. Carbon dioxide. 20. A gas used to put off fires. Carbon dioxide. 21. A gas molecule consists of three atoms of oxygen. Ozone. 22. A flame used in cutting and welding metals. Oxy-acetylene. 23. A gas used in ammonia industry. Nitrogen. 24. A system responsible for integration and coordination between systems of the human body. Nervous system. 25. The center of the main control in human body. The brain. 26. Spontaneous response from the body to the different stimuli. Reflex action. 27. An organ responsible for the reflux actions of the body. Spinal cord. 28. A part of nervous system responsible for reflex action. Spinal cord. 29. Areas between vertebrae of vertebral column separate and protect from friction between them. Cartilages. 30. Ligaments ties muscles with bone. Tendons. 31. The locations of bones touch and allow moving. Joints. 32. Structure which consists of the skull, backbone and rib cage. Axial skeleton. 33. Axis of the skeleton in the human body. Back bone.
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34. What fixes muscles to bones. tendons 35. The type of skeleton which includes the bones of upper and the lower limbs. Appendicular skeleton. 36. Two bones meeting area. Joints. 37. Automatic response of the body to different stimuli. Reflex action. 38. Part of the nervous system responsible for reflex actions. Spinal cord 39. The basic structure unit of the nervous system. The neuron. 40. Linked to the brain through the spinal cord and is responsible for involuntary actions. Medulla oblongata 41. Consists of a grey matter in the form of H letter surrounded by the white matter Spinal cord.

Compare between each of the following:

1. Mass and weight.

2. Clinical thermometer and Celsius thermometer.

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3. Central nervous system and appendicular nervous system.

appendicular nervous system Formed of upper limb and lower limbs 4. Wide movement joints and limited movement joints.

Central nervous system formed of the brain and spinal cord

Wide movement joints Can move in all direction Such as :shoulder , hip

limited movement joints Can move in one direction Such as: elbow , knee

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5. Oxygen gas and nitrogen gas.

oxygen Doesnt burn but help on burning Used in respiration

Preparation of oxygen gas in the lab?

nitrogen Doesnt burn or help in burning Used in filling car tires

Explain by using labeled diagram:

How can you maintain your locomotory system?

How can you maintain your nervous system?

Science Grade 6

first term

Mr.Zakaria Ahmad