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4. The Science of Chocolate

Did you know that Americans eat about 10 pounds of chocolate a year! Chocolate cake, chocolate candy, chocolate milk, chocolate pudding, and chocolate ice cream -Yum! lf only chocolate grew on trees... Hey! Wait a
minute! lt does!
2.

Q""a
.

in

1. Answer the following questions:

ls a meal celebrating a special occasion complete without dessert? Why (not)? . An Ancient proverb says "lf you've got melted chocolate all over your hands, you're eating it too slowly." Why is it that we like chocolate so much?

The Cacao tree (Theobroma cacao) grows in warm, temperate countries of the world like Indonesia, South and CentralAmerica and Africa. When the tree matures, it produces a fruit about the size of a small pineapple. Inside these fruits are the seeds called cocoa beans. The chocolate comes from inside the cocoa beans.
3.

Ilheck
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Jtour Compreheusiou
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When the ripe fruits are harvested they are left to ferment for about a week before the beans are removed and dried in the sun. After they're dried, the outer husks of the beans are removed and then the small, brown, wrinkled cocoa beans are roasted to bring out their flavour.
4.

2. Where does chocolate come from? You are going to read a text about the making of chocolate. What do you know about this process? Fill in the first two columns of the chart below with details that you already know and things you would like to find out on this topic.

All seeds contain some fat but cocoa beans are made up of 50% fat (cocoa butter) so when the roasted seeds are ground they form a thick liquid called chocolate liquor. At this stage the chocolate is still very bitter. Try tasting a small amount of unsweetened "cooking" chocolate and you'll see what I mean.
5.

what I know

what I want to know

what I learned

To make a delicious chocolate bar, lots of sugar has to be added along with other ingredients and flavours, like vanilla. Often milk or cream is added, too. Milk chocolate has more sugar and fat in it than bitter cooking chocolate.
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This mixture is then put through a process called conching where a special
machine blends the mixture to help smooth out the texture. Finally the chocolate is tempered. Tempering is accomplished by slowly heating, then slowly cooling the chocolate. This is necessary to prevent the cocoa butter from settling out of the chocolate.

3. Read the text quickly. What is the main topic of each paragraph? Label the paragraphs with these headings: Chocolate liquor, Love for chocolate, Uncover the beans!, Chocolate addicts, Different tasfes, A bar is born!, The cacao tree, Conching and tempering.

7.

What is it about chocolate that makes us feel so happy about eating it? Phenylethylamine is the chemical responsible for our love of this fragrant, smooth, delicious treat. This hormone occurs naturally in the human body and

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is often called the "love chemical" because it gives people feelings of happiness,

friendliness and contentment. Scientists have found that high levels of phenylethylamine are found in chocolate. Maybe that's why we give chocolate to those we love on Valentine's Day and not say.... Brussels sprouts!

verbs which form a meaning together with a preposition. Match the prepositional verbs with their appropriate meaning and then fill in the sentences with the suitable prepositional verb.
1. bring out

7. The text contains examples of prepositional verbs

L
Try several different brands of chocolate. Try chocolate that comes from different countries. Can you taste the differences in the bars? Why would they not all taste the same? Are their textures different? Which is your favourite?
(www. scie n cewith me. co m )

a) stop; avoid b) have faith in the existence of c) discuss d) cause to undergo or endure

2. put through 3. be responsible for 4. prevent from 5. believe in

6. talk about

e) being the cause f) expose; reveal the best in her.

ghosts?
US

4. Read the text carefully and fill in the third column in the chart at exercise 2. Which is the piece of information you appreciate most having discovered?

1. A crisis

2. Do you

$.rt,.

orx

3. There is nothing to

gorng.

4. What are they 5.

5. Chocolafe appears together with different words in the text. Here is a list of adjectives; tick the ones that go with chocolate and then fill in the gaps in the sentences below with the appropriate structures.

He

me

a lot of trouble.
many cases of lung cancer.

6. Smoking is

fl bitter ! dark ! rich ! roast

! ! hard tr strange n

hot thick

! juicy ! n white tr

melted plain

Grarnmar hactice
8. The text is full of verbs in the passive. Refer to the Grammar Section on passive at the back of the book to find out why the person who carries

with whipped cream? a) Could I have a cup of topping, melted in the hot sun. b) The cake, which had cheesecake is a desert abounding in flavours. c) inside that flows out as you d) This baked pudding has put your spoon in. e) I prefer sweet desserts so I don't like 6. The second and third paragraphs contain words related to farming/cultivating plants. Find their synonym among the following: to fully grow = core = cropped = dehydrated = covering = aroma =

out the action is not mentioned. Underline any uses of the agent which are unnecessary in the following sentences. e.g. The office has been painted recently by someone.

a) Have the criminals been arrested by the police? b) Milk is delivered to the restaurant by the milkman. c) The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel was painted by Michelangelo. d) Our car was parked outside the house by us. e) The article will be printed by The Daily News on Monday. f) Where are these CD recorders made by them? g) The agreement will also be signed by Spain. h) Post is not delivered on Sunday by postmen.

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9. Choose the sentence closest in meaning to the sentence given.

1. Somebody will see a. lt will be seen by

b. He has seen. c. He'll be seen.

him. him. road.

2. Something hit me. a. Something was hit by me. b. I was hit by something. c. I hit something.

Sritinr
friend has opened a chocolate shop and wants to attract - Your more customers. Write an advertisement in order to help your friend
11.

good

just

advertise

3. They have repaired the

a. lt has repaired. b. The road has been repaired. c. The road's repaired.
5. Someone saw you. a. You were seen. b. You have seen someone. c. Someone was seen.

4. He gave it to me. a. I was given. b. lt's given to me. c. lt was given to me.
6. They ought to change the law.

a. The law ought to been changed. b. The law ought to change. c. The law ought to be changed. 8. Somebody is watering the garden. a. The watering is done. b. The garden is being watered. \ c. The garden is watered.
10. Haven't they painted the building yet?

his/her shop. (70 words) Basic elements of a good advertisement: ' Catchy headline - a strong statement featuring the major selling point (e.g. cheaper, faster), of real interest to the reader ' The main text - which persuades the reader to buy your product or request your services The tag-line - summing up the product or the company's philosophy (e.g. ' 'Just do it')

. The call to action - telling the reader what to do next 'The company details - name, address, phone and fax numbers, email and
web addresses

7. Somebody opened the

a. The door b. The door is c. The door was

opened. open. opened. 9. Something broke it. a. lt was broken. b. lt is broken. c. Something was broken.
using a passive form.

door.

a. Hasn't the building been painted yet? b. Hadn't the building been painted yet? c. lsn't the building painted yet?

10. Rewrite each sentence so that it does not contain the words underlined, e.g. Someone left the light on all night.
The light was left on all night.

a) The thief has stolen my bike.

b) The farmers harvest the fields in autumn.

c) Peoole asked me for directions three times. d) You have to hand in the paper. e) The authorities have banned the cars from the city centre. f) They don't know the solution to the problem.
g) The builders renovated the house in a few weeks. h) Lots of people have parked their cars illegally.

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