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The City Planning Movement

Movement (definition) a. a group of people with a common ideology, especially a social, political or religious one b. the organized action of such a group c. a trend or tendency in a particular sphere The City Planning Movement was spearheaded by the Americans and the British. The United States planning movement began in 1893 during the The Worlds Columbian Exposition (Also called --Worlds Fair: Columbian Exposition or the Chicago Worlds Fair) 1893 in Chicago, USA. It lasted for 6 months and attended by 27 million form all over the world. It was participated by 46 nations. The exposition featured the The White City (200 buildings) and city features such as grand boulevard, lagoons, parks, streets, good building facades and lush greens. It was considered the first example of a comprehensive plan for a nation.

Daniel Burnham

Frederick Law Olmstead

The exposition was held in Jackson Park, Chicago. The exposition was planned by Daniel Burnham and Frederick Law Olmstead. The following cities gained inspiration from the Columbian Exposition - Chicago, Cleaveland, Springfield, Detroit and Washington, Denver, San Francisco, Baltimore and Rochester. Soon, majority in America were inspired and desired to see their cities to be beautiful, thus, the City Beautiful Movement began. The movement practiced the following: Established Planning Commissions City Plan Reports Organizations that favored City Planning Educational Efforts Other American planners of this era were: Charles Eliot, Charles Mulford Robinson, George E. Kessler, Nelson P. Lewis, Charles D. Norton, Charles H. Wacker, James Sturgis Pray and George B. Ford.

FEU-IARFA SY 2012-2013

Urban and Regional Planning

Architect Marie Grace A. Patadlas

The United Kingdom planning movement was led by Frederick Law Olmstead and he theorized the Garden City Planning. Garden cities were intended to be planned, self-contained communities surrounded by "greenbelts" (parks), containing proportionate areas of residences, industry and agriculture.

Garden City Movement By Sir Ebenezer Howard in 1898

His idealised garden city would house 32,000 people on a site of 6,000 acres (2,400 ha), planned on a concentric pattern with open spaces, public parks and six radial boulevards, 120 ft (37 m) wide, extending from the centre. The garden city would be self-sufficient and when it reached full population, another garden city would be developed nearby. Howard envisaged a cluster of several garden cities as satellites of a central city of 50,000 people, linked by road and rail.

The first garden city was implemented in Letchworth, England with Barry Parker and Raymond Unwin as planners.

LETCHWORTH First Garden City in UK

Letchworth Planners Barry Parker and Raymond Unwin

FEU-IARFA SY 2012-2013

Urban and Regional Planning

Architect Marie Grace A. Patadlas