Demographics of Bangladesh

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Demographics of Bangladesh 142,316,000 (July 2011 est.),[1] Population: 158,570,535 (July 2011 est.)[2] 1.566% (2011 est.)[2] Growth rate: 24.68 births/1,000 Birth rate: population (2009 est.) 8 deaths/1,000 Death rate: population (2009 est.) Life expectancy: 60.25 years 57.57 years male: 63.03 years (2009 est.) female: 2.6 children born/woman (2011 est.) Fertility rate: Infant mortality 59.02 deaths/1,000 live births rate: Age structure 34.6% (male 24,957,997/female 23,533,894) 0-14 years: 61.4% (male 47,862,774/female 45,917,674) 15-64 years: 4% (male 2,731,578/female 2,361,435) (2006 65-over: est.) Sex ratio 1.04 male(s)/female (2009 est.) At birth: 1.01 male(s)/female Under 15: 0.9 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65-over: Nationality noun: Bengali(s) adjective: Bangladeshi Nationality: Bengali Major ethnic: Santhals, Chakma, Garos (Achiks), Oraons, Mundas, Mro, Kaibarta, Marma, Meitei, Minor ethnic: Zomi, Bihari(Stranded Pakistani) Language Bengali Official: Bengali, English, Santali, Rajbanshi, Chakma, Spoken: Tripuri, Khasi, Urdu, Mundari

Bangladesh is largely ethnically homogeneous. Indeed, its name derives from the Bengali ethnolinguistic group, which comprises 98% of the population. There are many dialects of Bengali spoken throughout the region. The dialect spoken by those in Chittagong and Sylhet are

particularly distinctive. In 2009 the population was estimated at 156 million. About 90% of Bangladeshis are Muslims and the remainder are mostly other religions. Bangladesh has the highest population density in the world, excluding a handful of city-states and small countries with populations under 10m, such as Malta and Hong Kong. Most of the demographic statistics below are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.

Contents

1 Population [3] o 1.1 Census [4] o 1.2 UN estimates o 1.3 Other sources o 1.4 Population growth rate o 1.5 Gender ratio o 1.6 Urban and rural o 1.7 Population Density 2 Vital statistics [4] o 2.1 Births and deaths 3 Health o 3.1 Life expectancy at birth o 3.2 HIV/AIDS o 3.3 Major infectious diseases 4 Ethnic groups 5 Language 6 Religion 7 Genetics 8 Education 9 See also 10 References

Population

Age-sex pyramid for Bangladesh, 2005 The mid-2009 estimate for total population was 156,050,883 which ranks Bangladesh 7th in the world (CIA). Naturally there is some uncertainty about the population, especially in a developing country such as Bangladesh with high illiteracy and a large rural population. For instance, in 2005 there was not a consensus whether Bangladesh or Russia had a larger population. The UN's ESA ranked Russia 7th in the world and Bangladesh 8th. However, the CIA World Factbook ranked Bangladesh 7th and Russia 8th in the same year. The point is now moot as the population of Russia is in decline while that of Bangladesh is growing. The baseline for population studies on Bangladesh is the official census which is conducted every 10 years, the last being in 2011.

Census[3]

Demographic evolution of the territory of Bangladesh (1900-2010). Population of Bangladesh census population adjusted population Census date (thousands) (thousands) 1901 28 928 1911 31 555 1921 33 255 1931 35 602 1941 41 997 1951 41 932 1961 50 840 1974 71 479 76 398 1981 87 120 89 912 1991 106 313 111 455 2001 124 355 130 523

15 Mar 2011 (p) 142 319 p=provisional figure

UN estimates[4]
Total Population aged 014 Population aged 1564 Population aged 65+ population (%) (%) (%) 37 895 41.2 54.8 3.9 43 444 42.4 54.1 3.5 50 102 43.6 53.1 3.3 57 792 44.7 52.0 3.3 66 881 44.7 51.8 3.4 70 582 45.8 50.7 3.5 80 624 45.0 51.4 3.6 92 284 43.9 52.5 3.6 105 256 42.5 53.8 3.7 117 487 40.3 55.9 3.8 129 592 37.3 58.7 4.0 140 588 34.3 61.4 4.3 148 692 31.3 64.1 4.6

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Other sources
The following table lists various recent estimates of the population. Source Year Population (millions) [5] US State Dept 2005 144 [6] Population Reference Bureau 2005 144 [7] World Bank 2008 160 [8] CIA World FactBook 2010 156 [9] World Population Reference 2010 164 According to the OECD/World Bank population in Bangladesh increased from 1990 to 2008 with 44 million and 38% growth in population compared to 34% growth in India and 54% growth in Pakistan. The annual population growth 2007-2008 was 1.4% compared to India 1.35%, Pakistan 2.2%, Dem. Rep. of Congo 2.9%, Tanzania 2.9%, Syria 3.5% or Yemen 4.0%. According to the OECD/World Bank population statistics between 1990-2008 the world population growth was 27% and 1,423 million persons.[10]

Population growth rate

Panorama of Dhaka in 2012 Bangladesh had high rates of population growth in the 1960s and 1970s. Since then however it has seen a marked reduction in its total fertility rate. Over a period of three decades it dropped from almost 7 to 2.4 in 2005-2010.[4]

Gender ratio
At birth: 1.04 male(s)/female Under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 1564 years: 0.9 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.94 male(s)/female Total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2009 est.)

Urban and rural

The sprawling mega-city of Dhaka has a huge population, but the majority of the people nonetheless still live in villages in rural areas. Urban population: 27% of total population (2009 est.) Rate of urbanization: 3.5% annual rate of change (2005-2010 est.)

Population Density
Based on the CIA World Fact Book 2012 figures for population (161,083,804) and land area (130,168 km2), Bangladesh has the highest population density among large countries, 1,237.51 persons per square kilometer, and 12th overall, when small countries and city-states are included.[11]

Vital statistics
Births and deaths [4]
Period Live births per year Deaths per year Natural change CBR1 CDR1 NC1 TFR1 IMR1 per year

19501955 19551960 19601965 19651970 19701975 19751980 19801985 19851990 19901995 19952000 20002005 20052010
1

1 963 000 2 252 000 2 560 000 2 950 000 3 193 000 3 381 000 3 670 000 3 767 000 3 709 000 3 598 000 3 432 000 3 107 000

852 000 921 000 994 000 1 090 000 1 847 000 1 153 000 1 151 000 1 115 000 1 057 000 986 000 934 000 905 000

1 111 000 1 332 000 1 566 000 1 860 000 1 346 000 2 229 000 2 519 000 2 652 000 2 653 000 2 612 000 2 498 000 2 202 000

48.3 48.2 47.5 47.3 46.5 44.7 42.4 38.1 33.3 29.1 25.4 21.5

20.9 27.4 19.7 28.5 18.4 29.1 17.5 29.8 26.9 19.6 15.2 29.5 13.3 29.1 11.3 26.8 9.5 23.8 8.0 21.1 6.9 18.5 6.3 15.2

6.36 165.0 6.62 156.5 6.80 151.2 6.91 144.4 6.91 175.6 6.65 138.3 5.99 122.5 5.02 104.4 4.10 3.41 2.87 2.38 90.6 73.8 59.3 49.0

CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births

Health
Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 60.25 years country comparison to the world: 183 Male: 57.57 years Female: 63.03 years (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS
Adult prevalence rate: less than 0.1% (2001 est.) county comparison to the world: 102 People living with HIV/AIDS: 12,000 (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 85 Deaths: fewer than 500 (2007 est.)

country comparison to the world: 8s

Major infectious diseases

Degree of risk: high Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever Vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria are high risks in some locations Water contact disease: leptospirosis Animal contact disease: rabies (2005)

Ethnic groups
See also: Ethnic groups in Bangladesh The vast majority (about 98.5%) of Bangladeshis are of the Bengali ethno-linguistic group. This group also spans the neighboring Indian province of West Bengal. Minority ethnic groups include Meitei, Khasi, Santhals, Chakma, Garo (tribe), Biharis, Oraons, Mundas and Rohingyas. Biharis are Urdu-speaking, non-Bengalis who emigrated from the state of Bihar and other parts of northern India during the 1947 partition. They are concentrated in the Dhaka and Rangpur areas and number some 300,000.[12][13] In the 1971 independence war many of them sided with Pakistan, as they stood to lose their positions in the upper levels of society.[14] Hundreds of thousands went to Pakistan and those that remained were interned in refugee camps. Their population declined from about 1 million in 1971 to 600,000 in the late 1980s.[14] Refugees International has called them a "neglected and stateless" people as they are denied citizenship by the governments of Bangladesh and Pakistan.[15] As nearly 40 years has passed, two generations of Biharis have been born in these camps. Biharis were granted Bangladeshi citizenhip and voting rights in 2008.[16] Bangladesh's tribal population was enumerated at 897,828 in the 1981 census.[14] These tribes are concentrated in the Chittagong Hill Tracts and around Mymensingh, Sylhet, and Rajshahi. They are of Sino-Tibetan descent and differ markedly in their social customs, religion, language and level of development. They speak Tibeto-Burman languages and most are Buddhist or Hindu.[14] The four largest tribes are Chakmas, Marmas, Tipperas and Mros. Smaller groups include the Santals in Rajshahi and Dinajpur, and Khasis, Garos, and Khajons in Mymensingh and Sylhet regions.[14] There are small communities of Meitei people in the Sylhet district, which is close to the Meitei homeland across the border in Manipur, India. There is a small population of Rohingya refugees from Myanmar near the border in the southeast. There are 28,000 living in two UN refugee camps in Cox's Bazaar as well as some 200,000 "unregistered people of concern" living outside of the camps.[17] The refugee crisis originated in the early 1990s when the first wave numbering some 250,000 of the predominantly

Muslim ethnic group fled persecution from their home in RakhaineMyanmar's western-most state. Bangladesh seeks to repatriate the refugees back to Myanmar.[18]

Language

Official language: Bengali (also known as Bangla) Dialects: Chittagonian, Sylheti and Noakhali (all regarded as languages in their own right) Tribal languages: Khasi-Jainta, Bishnupriya Manipuri, Arakanese, Chakma, Garo, Ho, Kokborok and Kurukh Other languages: English (spoken and known widely in upper-class & politics), Arabic ( sometimes spoken and known by many Muslims, due to Islam being the primary religion), Urdu (understood by some, and spoken by Biharis)'

Religion
See also: Islam in Bangladesh, Hinduism in Bangladesh, Buddhism in Bangladesh, Christianity in Bangladesh

According to the 2001 census, the religious profile of the population is: Islam 89.7%, Hinduism 9.2%, Buddhism 0.7%, Christianity 0.3% and others (such as Animists and non-religious) 0.1%.[19] The majority of the Muslims are Sunni consisting of 95% of the Muslim population, and the remaining are Shi'a and other sects.[citation needed]

Genetics
Bangladesh has the world's highest frequency of the M form of mitochondrial DNA. This genetic variant spans many continents, and is the single most common mtDNA haplogroup in Asia.[20] In Bangladesh it represents about 83% of maternal lineages.[21]

Education

Literacy Definition: age 15 and over can read and write Total population: 43.1% Male: 53.9% Female: 31.8% (2003 est.) Education expenditures 2.7% of GDP (2005) country comparison to the world: 151

See also

Bangladeshi society

References

This article incorporates public domain material from the CIA World Factbook document "2011 edition". This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Department of State (Background Notes).

1. 2. 3. 4.

^ Population & Housing Census: Preliminary Results JULY 2011 ^ a b The World Factbook, CIA, accessed on Aug 15, 2011. ^ 2011 Population & Housing Census: Preliminary Results ^ a b c Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision 5. ^ "Background Note: Bangladesh". U.S. Department of State. 2005-08. 6. ^ "Country Profiles: Bangladesh". Population Reference Bureau. Retrieved 2006-07-28. 7. ^ "World Development Indicators". World Bank. 8. ^ "CIA World Factbook 2010". CIA. 9. ^ "World Population Highlights: Key Findings From PRB's 2010 World Population Data Sheet". World Population Reference. 10. ^ CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion Population 1971-2008 (pdf pages 83-85) IEA (OECD/ World Bank) original population ref e.g. in IEA Key World Energy Statistics 2010 page 57) 11. ^ "Population density Persons per sq km 2012 Country Ranks". Retrieved 16 January 2013. 12. ^ "Socio-economic Problems of the Urdu Speaking Residents at Mohammadpur". Democracy Watch. Retrieved 12 April 2011. 13. ^ Persoob, Tasmia. "The Forgotten Community: Camp Based Urdu Speaking People in Bangladesh". Jahangirnagar University. Retrieved 12 April 2011. 14. ^ a b c d e Ethnic and Linguistic Diversity, Bangladesh: A Country Study, Edited by James Heitzman and Robert Worden, Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1989.

15. ^ Refugees of Nowhere: The Stateless Biharis of Bangladesh, Refugees International, 2006-02-15 16. ^ "Citizenship for Bihari refugees". BBC News. 2008-05-19. 7407757. Retrieved 200805-21. 17. ^ 2010 Regional Operations Profile - South-East Asia, UNHCR, 2010. 18. ^ Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh refuse repatriation, AFP, Dec 30, 2009. 19. ^ [1] Bangladesh Bureau of Educational Information and Statistics (BANBEIS) 20. ^ Ghezzi et al. (2005), Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup K is associated with a lower risk of Parkinson's disease in Italians, European Journal of Human Genetics (2005) 13, 748 752. 21. ^ Mait Metspalu et al., Most of the extant mtDNA boundaries in South and Southwest Asia were likely shaped during the initial settlement of Eurasia by anatomically modern humans. BMC Genetics, 2004 [show]

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