Ch apter 2 6

1. What d id th e Ne w D ea l ba sica lly d o?

• Construct foundations of federal welfare system
• Extend national regulation
• Made gov. major force in agricultural economy
• Did NOT end GD
2. What w as F.R., p erson ality & h ow d id it gai n co nfiden ce of p ubl ic?
• First pres. To make regular use of radio – explained programs and plans to pple and helped build public
confidence
• Frequent informal conferences and won respect of reporters
3. What w as the “ba nk h olid ay”?
A proclamation issued by F.R. closing all American banks for four days until Congress could meet in special session to
consider banking-reform legislation
4. Why w as the S ch echter D ec isio n importa nt to the N ew De al ?
• NRA’s power was becoming too monopolized and could not be taken apart legally
• Schechter brothers accused of NRA code violations – Court ruled they were not engaged in interstate commerce
and that Congress had unconstitutionally delegated legislative power to the president to draft the NRA codes
• Threatened other ND programs so destroyed
5. What w as the A merica n Li berty L eagu e?
Designed to arouse public opposition to the ND’s “dictatorial” policies and its supposed attacks on free enterprise
6. Who w as Fra ncis To wns end a nd w hat w ere h is i deal s?
California physician who lead a movement with his Townsend plan – all Americans over the age of 60 would receive
monthly gov. pensions of $200, provided they retired and spent money in full each month
7. Who w as Fat her Ch arle s E. C ou ghli n?
• A Catholic priest who proposed monetary reforms – remonetization of silver, issuing greenbacks, and
nationalization of banking system
• National Union for Social Justice – his own political org.
• Radio broadcaster
8. Who w as Se nator H arve y P. L ong and wh at importa nt pla n did he cr eate?
• Attacks on banks, oil co., and utilities
• Elected gov. in 1928 and dominated legislature, courts, and executive depts..
• Progressive accomplishments: buildings schools, roads, and hospitals; revising tax codes; distributing free
textbooks; lowering utility rates
• Share-Our-Wealth-Plan – claimed GD could end by using tax system to confiscate surplus riches of wealthiest
men and women in America
9. What w as ind ustrial u nio nism?
All workers in particual industry should be organized in a single union, regardless of function performed
10. CI O – Comm ittee on Industri al O rg.
• John L. Lewis – leader of United Mine Workers (oldest major union in country) and founder of CIO
• Better union than AFL – more receptive to women and blacks and more militant
11. What w as the s ucce ssful str ike d one b y the Un ited A uto W orkers ( UAW) ?
Sit-down strike – Feb. 1937 GM recognized the UAW – ended due to illegality
12. Ste el Wor kers’ Or gani zing Comm ittee an d the “Mem orial D ay Mass acre”.
Group of strikers gathered with families for picnic and demonstration in South Chicago – attempted to march peacefully
toward power plant but police opened fire
13. What w as the “co urt- pack ing p lan”?
• General overhaul of federal court system, proposed by F.R., and including one to add up to six new justices
to Supreme Court
 • Give himself opportunity to appoint new liberal justices and change ideological balance of the Court
14. West C oa st Hot el vs . P arri sh
March 29, 1937 – voted against to uphold a state min.-wage law
15. Whe n did the b oom an d rec essi on ha ppen ?
1937
a. Why ?
Result of adm. Decision to reduce spending
16. Effect s of Ne w De al
17. Se nator B urton K . Wh eeler q uote – “ What we are try ing to do i s get r id of th e Indi an
prob lem rather than a dd to i t.”
18. Joh n Co lli er an d the In dian R eor gani zatio n Act
Restored the tribes right to own land collectively